Ukufa ke Cruiser "Varyag" (ngokufutshane). Umhla, imbali, indawo ukufa

I-cruiser "Varyag" yakhiwe ngo-1899. Iinqanawa zaba yinxalenye yePacific Flotilla. Ngomhla we-Warso-Japanese War, i-Varyag iya kwichweba laseKorea elingathathi hlangothi likaKomulpo (i-Incheon yangoku). Lapha wayekho ekumisweni kwe-ambassy yaseRussia. Isibini eso sibini sasisibhamu "isiKorea".

Ngezolo lokulwa

Ngomhla we-1904 entsha, uKaputeni Vsevolod Rudnev wathola imfihlelo eyimfihlo. Ingxelo yokuba umlawuli waseKorea wafunda ngokuhamba kweenqanawa zaseJapan eziseKemulpo (ukufa kwe-cruiser "Varyag" kwenzeka ngexesha elisechwebeni lelichweba). Nangona bekungekho imfazwe, nangona zombini amazwe ayilungiselela ngokufanelekileyo. E-Russia, iJapane yayiphathwa ngokuzidla, okwenza umkhosi kunye neenqwelo zonxweme zibe nzima xa ukuxabana kwavela ngokunyanisekileyo.

I-flotilla yaseJapan yayalawulwa yi-Admiral Sotokiti Uriu. Iinqanawa zakhe zafika kummandla waseKorea ukuze zikhuphe ukufika komhlaba. I-flotilla yayifanele ifake "iVaryag" ukuba ithe yagqiba ukushiya i-bay kwaye ingenelele ekudlulisweni komkhosi womhlaba. Ngomhla kaJanuwari 27 (ngokutsho kwesitayela esidala) iinqanawa zeentshaba zavela kummandla wamanzi wonxweme. Lo ngowusuku lokuqala lweMfazwe yaseRussia-yaseJapan.

Imeko echwebeni likaKemulpo yayinzima ngento yokuba kwakukho iinqanawa zamanye amazwe: I-Great Britain, iFransi, iItali kunye ne-United States. Ngomso kaJanuwari 27, u-Admiral u-Uriu waseJapan wathumela umyalezo kubameli bakhe ukuba uya kuhlasela iinqanawa zaseRashiya. Ngokuphathelele kule nqanawa engathathi hlangothi yacelwa ukuba ishiye ukuhlaselwa kude kube ngu-4 ntambama, ukwenzela ukuba abazange bawele phantsi komlilo. Abantu baseYurophu batshela uCaptain Rudnev wesilumkiso saseJapan. Kwaye kwacaca ukuba imfazwe yayingenakugwema, nangona ukuphulwa ngokucacileyo komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe (umdlalo wenziwa kwisebe lelizwe lesithathu).

Ukusondela kwi-Flotilla yaseJapan

Ngentsasa ukuhla kweendawo ezintathu zelizwe eliqingqiweyo sele ligqityiwe. Ngoku iinqanawa zokuthutha zishiya kwindawo yokulwa, kwaye iinqwelo zemfazwe zingaqalisa ukulungiselela ukuhlaselwa okuzayo. Kwisango, umlilo wawubonakala kwindawo yokuhlalisa yaseJapan. Intshaba yenzelwa ingcinezelo yengqondo yabase-Russian basolwandle. Ukufa kweqhawe le-cruiser "iVaryag" kubonise ukuba yonke le mizamo yahluleka ukuphumelela. Abanqwelisi baseRashiya kunye namagosa abo babelungele nantoni na, nangona bafanele bahlaziswe ngokuhlazola ukuhlaselwa kotshaba baze bangaboni ngokukhawuleza ukufika kwamandla okufika.

Okwangoku, abaphathi beempahla zasemzini bathumela umbhikisho kwiJapan. Eli phepha alizange libe nempembelelo. Abafokazi abazange baqaphele ukuthatha nawaphi amanye amanyathelo. Iinqanawa zabo zahlala emaphandleni kwaye zazingabonakali ngexesha lokulwa. I-cruiser yaseRussia kunye nesibhobho sokubhunqa kwakukhutshwe kwi-bay. Abazange bakwazi ukungena elwandle oluvulekileyo, kuba iinqanawa zaseJapan ezinqanawa ezilishumi zavala indlela. Ukufa okulandelayo kwe-cruiser Varyag kwenzeka kwiintlobo ezininzi ngenxa yokukhubazeka kunye nezenzo ezingenakwenzeka zomyalelo ePort Arthur. Abalawuli beFleet baziphatha ngokungenakuzimela. Abazange bazame ukukhusela intlekele nangayiphi na indlela, nangona iingxelo malunga nendlela yokwaseJapane yayisondele iinyanga.

"I-Varangian" ishiya iKemulpo

UCaptain Vsevolod Rudnev, eqonda ukuba kwakungenangqondo ukulinda uncedo lwabavela kwamanye amazwe okanye abaphathi bakhe, wagqiba ekubeni aphume kwinqanaba aze amkele imfazwe. Kwakungabikho nje umbuzo wokubamba. Ngehora leshumi ekuseni, umphathi wafika kwi-cruiser waza waxelela iinqununu zesigqibo sakhe. Umbono oqhelekileyo wawungavumelani - ukuzama ukugqithisa, kwaye ukuba umzamo ungaphumeleli, uze ukhukhula iinqanawa.

Ookuqala ukuqala ukulwa waqala ukulungiselela oogqirha. Oogqirha, oongikazi kunye nee-paramedics zixhobile izikhululo zokugqoka. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezalandelayo bayalibala malunga neliphupha - babenomsebenzi omkhulu. Ngehora le-11 uRudnev wenza intetho ekhoyo phambi kweqela lonke. Abanqwelisi baxhasa umphathi-mkhosi ngezwi elikhulu elithi "Hooray!". Akukho mntu wesaba ukufa kwe-cruiser "Varyag", akukho mntu wayefuna ukuyeka, ngaphambi kokuba athande izandla. Kwakukho ukufana okufanayo "kumaKorea". Ngisho nompheki, owayengumsebenzi wabasebenzi, wenqaba ukushiya umkhumbi aze aphephe kwi-consulate. Xa iVaryag ishiye ichweba, abasebenzi basekuhlaleni baxhamla kwiinqanawa zabo. Ngoko amaFrentshi, amaTaliyane kunye namaBritani ahlawula isibindi sabasebenzi, ababenempi engalinganiyo ngaphambili. Ukuphendula kwi "Varangian" yadlala iingoma zesizwe zala mazwe.

Ubudlelwane bemibutho yamaqela

Liliphi iqela kufuneka iVaryag cruiser limele? Imbali yokutshatyalaliswa kwenqanawa ayikwazanga kwenzeka, yilwa kwezinye iimeko zokulwa. Yonke imikhombe yaseJapan yayingaphantsi kwayo. Ukwahlukana "ngu-Asama" - enye yezinto ezihamba phambili zokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya emhlabeni. "I-Varyag" yindlela yokubonakalisa isicatshulwa esisigxina kunye nesantya esiphezulu. Inzuzo yakhe eyona nto ekulweni yayikuhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nefuthe elifutshane kodwa elincinci kutshaba.

Zonke ezi mpawu "iVaryag" iboniswa kakuhle kulwandle oluvulekileyo, apho yayiza kubakho indawo yokuqhuba. Kodwa indawo yalo, kwaye emva koko indawo yokufa kwe-cruiser "iVaryag" yayisemgangathweni omncinci ogcwele iisanti kunye namatye. Ngeemeko ezinjalo, iinqanawa ayikwazanga ukukhawuleza kwaye iphumelele ukubetha intshaba. Ngenxa yenkambo encinane, i-cruiser kwafuneka ihambe ngeJapan. Ngenxa yoko, isiphumo sokulwa sasizimisele kuphela ngomlinganiselo wenani lezibhamu. Iinqanawa ezili-12 zazininzi ngaphezu kwe-cruiser ephethe isibhamu.

Ngokukodwa imeko engathembekanga yayibangelwa kubukho be "Asama". Izibhamu zalo mkhumbi zazingenakuvuswa, njengoko zazifihlile emva kweenqwelo zokulwa. Ukuthelekisa: kwiinqanawa zaseRashiya izixhobo zokulwa zivulekile kwaye zenzeke. Ukongeza, isiqingatha sezixhobo "zesiKorea" sasingasasebenzi. Ngebudeni bemfazwe, ayengasebenzi.

Ukuqala kwemfazwe

Iinqanawa zaseJapan zandulela indawo yokufa kwe-cruiser "iVaryag", iphakama ezili-10 ukusuka eKorea Chemulpo. Xa i-squadron idibana, ilandelwa ngumqondiso owawubuza malunga nokuzinikela. "I-Varyag" ayizange ithi nantoni na. Izibhengezo zokuqala ezisuka ku-"Asama" zavakala malunga neeyure eziyi-12. Ziye zaveliswa ngexesha apho iinqanawa zazingekho malunga neekhilomitha ezili-8.

Wonke umntu waqonda ukuba ukufa kwe-cruiser "iVaryag" kwakungenakupheka. Noko ke, imfazwe yamkelwa. Imizuzu emibini emva kokushiya kokuqala kweJapan, umlilo waqala ngakwesokudla kweVaryag. Yayihlolwe nguVuzma Khvatkov, umlawuli omkhulu. Ngezolo lokulwa, walala kwi-infirmary emva kokusebenza. Emva kokufunda ngemfazwe ezayo, umlawuli wayefuna ukukhishwa kwaye kungekudala wangena eVaryag. U-Hvatkov enobuqili obunqabileyo waqhubeka engaxininisi ukudubula kulo lonke le nto, nangona emva kokuba bonke abancedisi bakhe babulawa baze balimala.

Iyokuqala yokushaya i-projectile yaseJapane yabhubhisa ibhulorho eliphezulu kwaye yaphazamisa umfana we-fox. Ngenxa yile ndlu yokuhamba, kwaphuma umlilo. Kwakukho ukuqhuma okwabulala inqabileyo yesibini yenkwenkwezi ye-Alexei Nirod kunye no-Gabriel Mironov. Ukucinywa komlilo kwaholwa nguTimofei Shlykov, u-boatswain onamandla nesibindi.

Umlilo ebhodini

Iintsika zomsi omnyama ziyimpawu zokuqala eziphawula ukufa kwe-cruiser "Varyag". Umhla kaJanuwari 27, 1905 wawuyimini yesibindi nokunyamezela abasebenzi baseRussia. Umlilo wavumela amaJapane ukuba atshintshe umlilo kwiintshaba. I-Cannon "iVaryag" ijolise ngokuyinhloko kwi "Asamu". Umlilo waxhaswa ngamagobolondo ahlabayo, okwenqumlayo iinqwelo eziqingqiweyo kwaye yaqhuma ngaphakathi kwinqanawa. Ngako oko, umonakalo owenziwe kwiJapan wawungabonakali nje ngomlilo kwi-cruiser yaseRussia.

I-cruiser Asama iholele umlilo ophazamisayo. Wayephazamisa ingqwalasela ye-Varyag izibhamu, ukuze ezinye iinqanawa zaseJapan ziqhube inokudubula intshaba. Iigobolondo zaqala ukukhangela ithagethi ngakumbi kwaye kaninzi. Ngaloo ndlela, ukufa kwe-cruiser Varyag yayisondela ngokuthe ngcembe. Iifoto ze-heroic crew kunye nomkhombe wakhe ngokukhawuleza zafumana indlela yazo kuzo zonke iipapasho zehlabathi.

Kodwa emva kwemini kaJanuwari 27, abahamba ngeenqwelo kunye namagosa babecacile ngokukodwa kwixesha elizayo. Emva kwesigxina esilandelayo, ukutshitshiswa kwebhodi elibanjwe ngumlilo. Umlilo waba yingozi kakhulu, kuba kwakukho inkqubo yokubonakalisa kufuphi, kunye neendawo zokuphakamisa. Amatangatye azama ukuhlaselwa ngamanzi amaninzi anamanzi atyiswayo. Okwangoku, abalawuli, ababemi ngasemiphunzini evulekile, bawa befile ngenxa ye-vortex ebulalayo ukusuka kwiingqungquthela eziphakanyiswe iinqabileyo zeentshaba.

Oogqirha basebenze ngokugxininisa noxolo. Ukuqhuma kwemaxhoba kwanda. Abantu abafumana ukulimala kolukhulu, bafumana amandla okuzimela ngokuzimeleyo kwi-infirmary. Ukulimala kancinci akuzange kuhlawule umonakalo kwaye kwahlala kwizithuba zabo. Iqhawe elinjalo kwaye lingenakufaniswa nokufa kwe-cruiser Varyag. Bobabini isikebhe sompu kunye nenqanawa enkulu yavela phantsi komlilo omkhulu ovela kwiintshaba, evelele ekuphakameni kwayo kwamanani.

Maneuver

Xa iVaryag isuka eKemulpo malunga neekhilomitha ezili-8, umthetheli wagqiba ekubeni abuyele ekunene ukuphuma emlilweni aze afake izibhamu ngasekhohlo. Le nqanawa yaqalisa ukuhamba, kwaye ngaloo mzuzu iinqanawa ezinkulu zabethalwa. Ukufa kweqhawe le-Cruiser Varyag kwasondela ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokuqhuma, iinqanawa zalahlekelwa yinqanaba layo. Icandelo lala maqhekeza laya ngqo kwikhabini, apho, ngaphandle komphathi, kwakukho amagosa kunye neemvumi. Umqhubi nompondo-bafa, baninzi balimala, kodwa akukho mntu wayefuna ukuya kwi-infirmary aze ahambe eRudnev.

Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ngumnxeba, umyalelo wanikezelwa ukutshintsha ekulawuleni kwincwadi. Akukho mntu wayefuna ukuba intshaba ifeze ngokulula i-cruiser "Varyag". Imfazwe yaseRussia-yaseJapane yayisanda kuqalisa, kwaye kwakuninzi ukulwa okunjalo, xa iinqanawa zaseRashiya zazincinane. Abadlali babo, belandela i-Varyag crew, babonisa imimangaliso yenkalipho nokuzinikela emsebenzini wabo.

I-cruiser yafikelela kwiintshaba ze-flotilla kumgama wamaekhilomitha amahlanu. Umlilo waseJapan wanda. Kwakuyixesha eli xesha iVaryag yabandezeleka kakhulu kwaye yingozi. I-projectile enkulu yecalaber hit the side kwicala lasekhohlo. Amanzi athululelwa emingxeni, eyaqala ukukhukula izitofu ngamalahle. I-Quartermasters uZhigarev noZhuravlev bagijimela egumbini. Baye banqanda ukusabalala kwamanzi kunye nokukhukula kwamanye ama-stokers. Ngexesha elide, ukufa kwe-cruiser Varyag kwahlehliswa. Ukukubeka ngokufutshane, abasebenzi baseRussia balwa nobunkani obwenzeka kuphela kubantu ababhubhayo, baqhutyelwe kwikona.

Retreat

Okwangoku, "isiKorea" saqala ukugubungela "i-Varangian", eyayenza i-maneuver ebalulekileyo. Iinqobhoko zakhe ezincinci, ekugqibeleni, zazikwazi ukufikelela kwiinqanawa zeentshaba. Impendulo yaqala. Kungekudala umlilo waqhamuka kwelinye labatshayeli baseJapan, omnye umonakalisi waqala ukucima ngokupheleleyo. Xa kuphelile ukuvala, izibhamu ebhodini lasekhohlo zajoyina imfazwe. I-Komendory - abalinganiswa abakhulu bemfazwe, abacaphuke ngokufa kwabahlobo babo, abazange bayeke ukudubula. Isiphumo asizange kufike ixesha elizayo. Enye yeekhebhile zonakalisa ibhuloho yaseAfrika yaseAsama, i-cruise ehamba phambili yaseJapan. Umlobi wempuphu ephumeleleyo wayengumlawuli uFyodor Elizarov, owayemi emva kwesibhamu esingu-12 intshi.

Emva kokujika, umthetheli wathumela iinqanawa ekuhlaseleni, ezama ukulibazisa ukufa kwe-cruiser Varyag. Umhla wale siganeko waba yinto ekhangayo kunye neyobuhlungu kwimbali yeenqwelo zaseRussia. Ngehora lesi-13 imfazwe yaphela, kuba iVaryag ekugqibeleni yabuyela endleleni.

Ngebudeni bemfazwe, bakhululwa iingubo ezili-1,100. I-crew yalahleka ihafu yeqela, elalikwinqanaba eliphezulu. Amafayili kunye neenqanawa zaphendulwa zibe sihlunu. Iqonga kunye namacandelo athola izimbobo ezininzi, ngenxa yokuba iVaryag yayinomqolo kwibala elikulo.

Ukhukula i-Cruiser

Iinqanawa zakwamanye amazwe, ngaphambi kokuba zimi endleleni, zilungele ukuhamba echwebeni, ukuze zingathinteli amaJapane ukuba abulale amaRashiya. URudnev, ehlolisisa le meko, waqonda ukuba i-cruiser yayilahlekelwe likhulu lamandla ayo okulwa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukulwa. Kwiqumrhu elifutshane lempi, umthetheli wagqiba ekubeni avule amacwecwe kunye nokukhukula iinqanawa.

Ukukhutshwa kweqela kwaqala. Abanqamlekileyo nabasemagunyeni baphathana ngezandla zabo. Ukusondela ekufeni kwe-cruiser "Varyag" kunye nesiqithi "isiKorea". Ininzi yamaRashiya yafudukela kwiinqanawa ezingathathi hlangothi. Amalungu okugqibela abaqeqeshiweyo asele kuloo nqanawa ukukhukula ahlala emanzini. Omnye wayeza kwiinqanawa ukuba ashukume, kwaye uVasily Belousov wahlala ebambelele kwiqhwa ngokulindela ukufika kwesikebhe saseFrance.

"IsiKorea" savuthwa. Abafokazi babuzwa ukuba benze ngaphandle komlinganiselo onxulumene nomkhumbi. Le nto yayikuthi ukugqithwa kwesibhubhe esinomkhunjini kuhlangene nesantya esiphezulu kwindawo yamanzi ecaleni kweenqanawa ezingathathi hlangothi. I-roll "Varyag" yomelela. Kwamanye amaxesha, ukuqhuma okutsha kwakunokuvela kwixesha elivela kuye - lo mlilo wawuthatha iikridiji kunye neebhokhwe. Ekugqibeleni iinqanawa zawa. Nge-18 yintsimbi ukufa kokugqibela kwe-cruiser Varyag kwaphawulwa. Umfanekiso wenqanawa, owangenayo imikhosi engalinganiyo ekulweni, kwaye iqela layo elinamandla lihlala likhunjulwe kwiinqanawa zaseRussia.

Ukubuya kwendlu yabasebenzi

Kwimfazwe, abantu abangama-23 bafa, ezili-10 zalimala kakhulu ngenxa yokufa emva kokuphuma. Abasebenzi abasele baya ezweni lakubo phakathi noFebruwari. Ukufa kweqhawe le-cruiser "iVaryag" kunye nesibhamu "IziKorets" sele zisaziwa kwihlabathi lonke. Abanqwelisi nabasemagunyeni kwilizwe lonke apho bahlala khona badibana kunye nokuzikhumbuza. Iilektri kunye neencwadi zathunyelwa kuzo zonke iikona.

Iqela elikhulu labathunywa belizwe ladibana nabasebenzi baseShanghai, apho i-cannon isikebhe "iManjur" yayiye. I-Consul General kunye ne-ambassador yaseRashiya eConstantinople bayakhawuleza ukudibana namaqhawe, naphezu kokuyeka kwabo okufutshane kule sixeko. Uzuko lwaluphezu kwamanxweme. Abasebenzi babefanele babuyele ekhaya, beza eOdessa. Kule dolophu iiveki ezimbalwa yayilungiselela intlanganiso yakhe.

Ngokukhawuleza ebhodini, amaqhawe ayinikwa i- Georgievsky cross. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ukuba onke amalungu eqela awanikezelwe ngaphandle kwezinga. I-salute yanikezelwa ngokuhlonipha abafikile. Isixeko sonke sasiwa ngobumnandi. Umfanekiso ofanayo wawuseSevastopol, apho i-Black Sea Fleet isekelwe khona. Ngo-Apreli 10, 1904, abaloliwe abangama-600 kunye namagosa angama-30 "iVaryag" kunye namaKorea asuka eSt. Petersburg kwi-echelon ekhethekileyo. Endleleni isitimela sasiye eMoscow nakwezinye izitishi ezininzi. Yonke indawo ngokungapheliyo i-echelon yayilindelwe ngabantu basezidolophini kunye nobuso bokuqala bezixeko.

Ngomhla we-16 abasebenzi bafika eSt. Petersburg. Kwiplani yesiteshi saseNikolayev wadibana nezihlobo, abameli be-duma yesixeko, umkhosi, abahloniphekileyo kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, zonke iinqanaba eziphezulu zeenqwelo zaseRussia. Kwintloko yesi sihlwele kwakuyi-Grand Admiral Grand Duke uAlexei Alexandrovich.

Abanqwelisi bahamba ngomda oqaqambileyo ngeNewvs Prospekt ehlotshisiwe. Isitalato sasigcwele iipropati kunye nabantu basezidolophini. Phakathi kwendawo yonke kwakukho amajoni ahlanganiswe ejoni laseMoscow, ababefanele bawuthintele isihlwele. I-orchestra enesidima yayingavakaliyo malunga nemvelaphi yokukhala okungapheli kunye nehlombe. Ingqungquthela yayiye intlanganiso yabasebenzi kunye noTsar Nicholas II.

Ixesha elizayo lomkhumbi

AmaJapan ayemangaliswa ukuziphatha nenkalipho yabaseRussia. Kubalulekile ukuba uMlawuli waseMutsuito ngo-1907 uthumele uMyalelo weCaptain Vsevolod Rudnev we-Rising Sun II degree. Ukufa kwe-cruiser "Varyag" unyaka emva konyaka akukhunjulwa kuphela eRashiya, kodwa nakwiJapan. E-Tokyo, wanquma ukuphakamisa nokulungisa i-cruiser. Wayefakwe kwi-Imperial Navy kwaye wayebizwa ngokuba ngu "Soy". Kwiminyaka eyisixhenxe yayisetyenziswe njengenqanawa yoqeqesho. Igama elithi "Varyag" elisecaleni lomkhumbi lugcinwa kwiJapan ngokuhlonipha isibindi sabasemagunyeni baseRashiya kunye namagosa. Emva kokuba i-cruiser ibe yaya kwiphulo kwiiIwaii Islands.

Ngenxa kokuqhambuka leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Russia, Japan baba namahlakani. Urhulumente tsarist wathenga "Varyag" umva. Ngowe-1916, yena phantsi kweflegi Russian wabuyela Vladivostok. Inqanawa yadluliselwa kwizithuthi ze-Arctic Ocean. Ngomhla olwandulela kaFebruwari Revolution, lo Cruiser waya UK ukuze ilungiswe. Abasemagunyeni beli lizwe athathe "Varyag", xa iiBolsheviks wala ukuhlawula amatyala zikarhulumente tsarist. Ngo-1920 inqanawa yathengiswa ezilahliweyo ukuya amaJamani. Ngo-1925 i Cruiser ebanjwe sisaqhwithi ngoxa mfutho yaye ekugqibeleni ngokoqobo kuLwandle Irish.