Ukuhlaziywa kwezomthetho ka 1864 ngo-Russia

ngokutsha enkundla ka 1864 iphawulwa ngenxa yeentlekele kuluntu Russian. Ekubulaleni kwi iCrimea War ngo ngo1856, uMenzi imiqathango okuyilwa imeko ye revolution. Xa kuhlolwa oko kwenzekayo kweli lizwe, Alexander II uyayiqonda imfuneko utshintsho kweli lizwe. Uhlaziyo yezomthetho 1864 awuyitshintshanga le nkqubo feudal kweli lizwe. Oku inkqubela ebonakalayo kuphuhliso loluntu Russian.

Ubume Inkundla pre-utshintsho luphawulwa isiphithiphithi, ukuntsonkotha iimfuno procedural, nokungabikho Bar, labagwebi, imizimba ezininzi, iteyiphu ebomvu, sihlume, uyilandela.

Wamakhosi Russia ngelo xesha yayisonganyelwa kwinkqubo yenkundla uzkososlovnaya, ukuxhomekeka ngqo kwi nolawulo. Kwiimeko ezininzi nezohlukeneyo hlukile ukuncinwa zenkqubo, leyo yayisekelwe ingcamango nobungqina olusesikweni. Uhlaziyo yezomthetho 1864 yazisa iinguqu ezibalulekileyo kubume.

Inguqu ibonisa iimfuno bongxowankulu - udidi ekufuneka ukubethelela ukuma kwabo. Oku kunokuzuzwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa hlengahlengiso ke, nangona esesikweni, bonke nengalo yomthetho. Noko ke, le yotshintsho lezobulungisa 1864 ibango iziseko yoohlohlesakhe kusemthethweni. Inguqu babonakaliswa kakhulu ekuqalisweni komsebenzi wobugqwetha, etsala labagwebi, lahlukene ofisi yomtshutshisi. Iinguqu ephakanyiswayo kanye umbutho omtsha zeenkundla kunye nenkqubo yenkundla.

Oko kwasekwa inkqubo esebenzayo yokuqala. ngemimiselo ezeeJaji 1864 negalelo kuphuhliso lwalo sakhiwo. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo entsha ezisezantsi ezimbini iinguqulelo umzimba ephakamileyo - iNdlu Yeengwevu. Isakhiwo ibe kweenkundla yehlabathi jikelele, la masebe, ke, kuquka imizimba kolawulo ekhethekileyo (zorhwebo, County, emkhosini, njalo-njalo), enika ukuze kwakhiwe eminye imithetho.

Uhlaziyo yezomthetho 1864 negalelo ekuyilweni kwiinkundla zesiqhelo. Ngu okokuqala bathi abasemagunyeni zezithili. kwisiphaluka ngasinye umisela kwiNkundla ukuze kuqwalaselwe amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho kunye yoluntu, ezingaqukwanga kwi imihlaba kolawulo ngabagwebi ze uxolo.

Kunye nale, xa nenguqu yenkqubo entsha lasekwa ukuthotyelwa komthetho.

Urhulumente kwamiswa, kangangokuba imbono ezintsha kunye nokuqonda ubulungisa ukulawula komthetho.

imimiselo yomthetho pre-revolution eRashiya wabizwa imithetho evunywe 1864, 20 November:

1. Inkundla yomthetho yobulungisa ukudlulisela amandla Congress of ABagwebi, kwisithili, ulawulo jikelele, iNdlu kunye Yeengwevu.
2. Lo Mqulu we nezohlwayo eziwiswe ziinkundla zoomantyi. Le Code ichaza ulwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye inkqubo yezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo, ulawulo odolo, kunye nezinye izinto. Ezi amacala ingadibani "Umthetho Code of izohlwayo zoluleko-mthetho."
3. Umthetho ka Inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Criminal Procedure Code ichaza kwekhono le ngokutsha kwamatyala efanelekileyo. Ukongeza, umthetho umisela inkqubo yemveliso kwihlabathi yaye kwabelwane izixhobo, amalungiselelo jikelele. Ngokusekelwe kwi khowudi elimisiweyo ephambili inqanaba lenkqubo.
4. Charter of Procedure Civil. Code of Procedure Civil hlukile ulawulo kunjalo amagunya karhulumente kunye neenkundla kwakunye nolawulo, wonke ifakiwe.

Ngenxa yesiphumo nakwiinguqulelo ukutshintsha isakhiwo leenkundla kuphela. Kuye kwasekwa-siseko omtsha, yoohlohlesakhe-yedemokhrasi lweenkqubo zolawulo esekelwe kukhuphiswano, ukwazisa, orality. Yenza amanye amalungu eziveliswe ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yonyulo. Ku kwakhona kunye neenkundla isakhiwo ngokwaneleyo ecacileyo.