Ukuhlaziywa entsha yolawulo lweedolophu; izizathu kuphuculo yesibini kwathiwa.

komhlaba karhulumente wengingqi lwenziwa Peter I, zange kwahluka ngokufanayo nangempumelelo. Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha izixeko kunye namagunya asekuhlaleni kwaphazanyiswa ngamagosa. Yintoni le yenzeke ngenxa yotshintsho entsha yolawulo ezidolophini, nto leyo ezingalunganga le nguqulelo yangoku kwakufuneka alungise, ukuchaza kweli nqaku.

IMVELAPHI uguquko ezisezidolophini

zoHlaziyo loLawulo Urban Peter 1 baqalisa kakuhle phambi kokuba lenguqulelo okucwangcisiweyo imizimba engundoqo kunye namandla kwilixa zikarhulumente. Izizathu eziphambili iinguqulelo ezintsha ubudlelwane zentlalo kweli lizwe, ukwandiswa ummandla wayo kunye nesikhundla imisebenzi emitsha kwamandla elawulayo, apho ulawulo wengingqi kwimimandla.

uguquko Urban. I lilinge lokuqala

Uhlenga-hlengiso Abasemagunyeni sendawo masikhokelwe iimfuno ixesha. Russia wazama ukunika umzali ukuya kuLwandle eBaltic, iimfuno yamajoni lizwe wakhula. Iifom wePhondo kunye nabadala of an rhulumente ukunika ukusebenza imisebenzi yokuqokelela irhafu kunye nokuqesha kwimimandla ezilawulwa. Eyona njongo iphambili yaba ukwahlulwa kwemisebenzi phakathi zemstvoes oomabhalane kwaye alawule ukuqaliswa eziqalelo yaseYurophu ulawulo lwedolophu. Ezi zinto echaza, oko kubangelwa kuphuculo omtsha karhulumente kamasipala yaye zihlaziyiwe indlela ukusebenza amagunya. Ngenxa yotshintsho yokuqala ezidolophini yasekwa ngo-1699.

Ekuhambeni yokuvuselelwa yolawulo lweedolophu iinzame wokuhlaziya isixeko Russian kwimodeli yaseYurophu, ndibanike amalungelo afanayo ukuba wathabatha ithi Western yaseYurophu kunye namabhunga mzi. isixeko Russian aphuma kumaphondo ngaphantsi, kunye nolawulo wamnikela Burmistrov, leyo babezimisele ngokusebenzisa unyulo. Kwikomkhulu, kwabonakala burmistrskaya Chamber phambi apho bailiffs amancinci-dolophu ingxelo malunga nemeko yerhafu eqokelelwe, iintlawulo kunye neentlawulo. Kwezinye izixeko, ulawulo bathunyelwa Zemsky kwizindlwana log, nayo leyo eyakhokelela bailiffs onyuliweyo.

Ezingeloncedo kuphuculo yokuqala

Yintoni le yenzeke ngenxa yotshintsho entsha yolawulo ezidolophini nga kugwetywa iziphumo yaphelelwa inguquko yokuqala. inkqubo omtsha non-olungenazimfihlo ngokwaneleyo olusebenzayo. Ukuqhekezwa karhulumente wengingqi akavumelekanga ukuba ukwakha nomxokelelwane ngokucacileyo ngaphantsi. Zincediswa ezahlukeneyo lwemizimba ukudideka minor. Ngenxa yoko, amandla ezenziwe ngokwemimiselo kaPetros ndidibanise ezabelwe ekunokukhethwa eklasini. Ukongeza, kunye nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni, zokubambela ulawulo zomkhosi, onoxanduva lokulawula yokundwendwela kunye nokuqokelelwa kwerhafu yomntu, ngaloo ndlela liphinda eminye imisebenzi nezasekuhlaleni.

Ukuhlaziywa entsha yolawulo ezidolophini uye wabizwa? Ngokusekelwe zingasentla, sinako ukwenza yezizathu ezininzi:

• nangoku bengenayo phezulu engqongqo amandla;
• amandla ukuqesha abaphathi entsimini kuphela ukuba imizimba onyuliweyo;
• inani ngokugqithiseleyo ofisi imbalo (bailiffs, oomantyi, abameli yeentlanganiso eklasini) kwaqhwalelisa umsebenzi zoorhulumente basekhaya.

Ukuhlaziywa yesibini ezidolophini

Ngowe-1720, xa ikomkhulu entsha ubukhosi Russian wenziwa ngu Chief kamantyi, ngubani wathobela zonke oomantyi zikamasipala akhethwe.

Ngowe-1721 kwaye kwamkelwa le mithetho apho imigaqo ezintsha kwezixhobo ezidolophini zanikezelwa. City lahlulwe ngenani abahlali iiklasi ezintlanu eziphambili. Le bakhona yahlulwe 'irregular "yaye abemi" rhoqo ". Phakathi abemi 'mgaqweni "eyayigcwele abameli kumacandelo ezizezona zabemi. abemi "rhoqo" ngamalungelo zangaphambili osisityebi aseleyo.

Xa Nangona abasemagunyeni ukunyaniseka abemi isityebi, inkqubo entsha Urhulumente ukuwuphumeza kakuhle kulawulo sisasetyenziswayo alawulwa ngqongqo ngeendlela, emkhosini kwaye ingenalo novelwano iingxaki iingxaki, ngaphandle ukwandisa yinye akazange avumele ngamabhunga anyulwe ukuba balandele inkqubo emhlabeni.