Ukujoyina Pskov eMoscow (1510). imbali Russian

Ngowe-1510, ukulawula kwenzeka Pskov eMoscow. Esi siganeko ngenxa yemvelo "ukuqokelela amazwe Russian" Grand Neendwalutho. Republic yaba yinxalenye bengatshatanga yesizwe Russian ebudeni bolawulo Vasily III.

ubudlelwane Pskov-eMoscow

Abafownelwa yokuqala ngqo Pskov kunye eMoscow na ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIV. Ngoko ke, ngo-1380, ngexesha Idabi Kulikov, empini nguDmitry Donskoy yaba ngamava, ithunyelwe sisebenzisa le North kweli lizwe. Le ukubunjwa umthetho yi Prince Andrey Olgerdovich. Xa asiyeke ngo-1399, unyana Dmitriya Donskogo, Basil mna, weza wozakuzo ukungazithumeli kuwo umbusi eMoscow. wanikwa Esi sicelo, kwaye ukusukela kwiriphabliki kunye ubulawuli awayemanyene close kwezopolitiko.

Ukujoyina Pskov eMoscow iye ngcembe. Kuyo yonke leminyaka XV phakathi imizi ukomeleza urhwebo namaqhina ozakuzo. Noko ke, ngokusemthethweni kwiRiphabliki uhlala ezizimeleyo. abaqeshwa Moscow, owafika ukuya emantla, bazithoba Pskov.

Abahlali isixeko kube kanye kuphela waya ungquzulwano ngqo kunye Grand Duke. Ke kaloku kwathi ngo 1456, xa Basil II walwa Novgorod. Republic inkxaso 'umzalwana big "yayo, kodwa imikhosi emanyeneyo ilizwe zombini wazabela eMoscow yena lowo. Emva koko, Pskov izinduna kwakhona weza imbeko incwadi yesicelo, ucela uxolo ngenxa yokungathobeli kwakhe.

Ukuqinisa impembelelo kwesikhulu

idolophu umda udinga uncedo Grand Neendwalutho ngeengozi ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha - ikakhulu Lithuania. Umlawuli weli lizwe Vytautas wathi kabini imfazwe Pskov. Noko ke, ubunye umkhosi Russian kanye ngexesha ukubujika ubuso utshaba. Kungenxa ingozi yokungenelela kwamanye amazwe ukulawula Pskov eMoscow lokulwa.

Ngowe-1478, Grand Prince Ivan Iii ekugqibeleni ndiwuhlutha Novgorod geqe. "Big Mzalwana" Pskov, ufana naye kwezenkcubeko ngokwezopolitiko, washiywa njengophawu lwenkululeko yabo - intsimbi ibandla. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba basebukhosini lasekuhlaleni, engafuni ukuba bahlale zikarhulumente kwayo, waya rapprochement nokumkani Polish-Lithuanian. Ivan Iii kufanele wathabatha esi senzo lokungcatsha yemka yaya kulwa Novgorod.

Ukujoyina Pskov eMoscow uya kuthelekelela into ebinokwenzeka aze ngaphambili, ukuba abantu aloo mzi angavumelani umxhasi wakhe. Kodwa bahlala bethembekile Grand Duke. Ivan III, kuba leyo imithetho ibalulekileyo izenzo zabo, ekudleni kwakhe ubomi akazange afumane nje namkhusane ngokusesikweni ukuze bazisunduze ukuzimela inqaba yokugqibela yolawulo republic eRashiya. Lo msebenzi wawa phezu kwamagxa yonyana wakhe - Vasily III, waphumelela kwitrone ngo-1505.

Ukubaluleka Pskov

Ngu ekuqaleni ixesha ngenkulungwane XVI wokuqhekeka kobudlelwane yezopolitiko Russia kwixesha elidlulileyo. iminyaka emininzi wobukumkani Basil III ithathwa ukuba ibe nokuqhubekeka ubhalo wokulawula kayise - Ivan III. Zombini prince omkhulu eqhotyoshelweyo ngempumelelo Amandla yakho Zonke kumazwe New Russian, ukudala enobunye uhlanga-karhulumente. Le nkqubo kwandiswa ngenxa isisongelo Polish-Lithuanian ukuya ngasentshona, kwakunye kuphangwa emibi ye AmaTatar esempuma kunye nomzantsi.

Pskov ngelo xesha kwakukho iqhekeza enencasa abamelwane babo. Esi sixeko wahlala iziko urhwebo ebalulekileyo abazizityebi, apho bebeyeke Livonian zemali kunye nabathengi German. Iimarike Local watsala abasebenzisi yaseYurophu ukuba iimveliso zayo ekhethekileyo, ingakumbi oboya kumantla ezixabisekileyo. Emva Novgorod kokuba ehlonyelwe eMoscow, Pskov njengezityebi ngakumbi, kuba abathengisi akhetha ukuba aqhube ishishini kwabo phakathi komzi, ukuba usebenzise ubuncinane ukuzimela ngokusesikweni. Ukongeza, bekungekho iirhafu, kokubini kwizixeko eMoscow ubulawuli.

Iziganeko kwi olwandulela ukulawula

Ngowe-1509 Vasily III wathumela irhuluneli entsha Pskov. Baba Ivan Repnev-Obolensky. Ukuziphatha wolunye uhlanga yaba abahlali kakhulu basenokurhana. UmMeli engakhange athethe yamatyala, andizange ingqalelo ngokoluvo begazi lasekuhlaleni, ebibanjwe inkundla ngokwayo. Enyanisweni, wazenza ukuba waba ngummeli amanene eMoscow kwiphondo yamandulo.

Pskovites bagqiba ukukhalaza malunga oqeshiweyo Vasily Ivanovich. Imbali Russian izele yokuvukela kunye ukunganeliseki edumileyo, kodwa eli xesha ungquzulwano lwaba kwi ngxabano exhobileyo. Ngeli xesha Pskov sele ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi eMoscow, ukuba imikhosi elaneleyo ukuvukela umthetheli. Ukongeza, abahlali lomzi akukho mntu ukuba. Novgorod phantse engamashumi iminyaka ukuba yinxalenye karhulumente enobunye Russian kunye ukumkani Polish akazange afune ukuba aye kulwa Basil.

enkantolo Basil

I-Grand Duke ngeli xesha bafika Novgorod, ngelithi ukukhangela imisebenzi izinduna zabo kweli ziko ebalulekileyo zorhwebo. Kodwa ngaphantsi Vasily III waya emantla ukuya ekugqibeleni ashiye i Pskov geqe. Emva kwakhe waphuma umkhosi omkhulu Muscovite, nto leyo efunekayo xa kwase axhobileyo.

Pskov ngophakathi wathumela Prince Umzi wommeli-lizwe, becela ukulungisa ungquzulwano phakathi Chamber kunye irhuluneli engagunyaziswanga. Kwelinye icala, Repnev-Obolensky waya Novgorod, ukuza nobungqina obuvakalayo kwityala zabo phambi Vasily Ivanovich. EMoscow irhuluneli akazange azamkele izinduna, kodwa wathuma umthunywa Pskov Cela bonke abahlali besixeko beze kwinkundla yenene. In Novgorod sasuka amakhulu izikhalazo abanganelisekanga ubomi babo. Amafama ugxeke izinduna, izidwangube wazise phezu kwezinye. Basil, eqonda yahlula indlela enkulu kuluntu Pskov, wagqiba ukugqibezela ukudibanisa Pskov eMoscow. 1510 yaba wokugqibela kwimbali kokuzimela mzi.

ngumgibe Novgorod

Inkoliso Vasily woyika ukuba abantu basebukhosini kuma nxamnye nokuthanda kwakhe. Kodwa iimbambano phakathi kwabantu Pskov wabonisa ukuba akukho nto yakoyika. Ngosuku olubekelwe posadniki kunye nabameli iintsapho izityebi kwiriphabliki safika yokwamkela le yenene. Basil ibhengeze ukuba lifikile ixesha yokuphelisa inkqubo endala yezopolitiko. Chamber kufuneka zitshatyalalisiwe, kwaye intsimbi eshumayela ekuqaleni of the People, wayalelwa ukuba lokurhoxa. iingangamsha Zimbalwa akhalaza zaye nangoko babanjwa baza bathumela entolongweni.

Kwangaxeshanye, inkosana wayalela ukuba resettle kwi Novgorod abemi abaqhelekileyo ababesiza kuye uxwebhu lwezikhalazo. Yaba iqhinga owanceda ukugqibezela ukudibanisa Pskov eMoscow. Unyaka emva konyaka, abahlali abaninzi esebenzayo kweli lizwe wahlala yodwa kweli lifa njengenkosana. Oku kwakwenza iinkokeli Pskov ingaba ngubani kukhokela imvukelo nxamnye Basil. Isicwangciso efanayo wasetyenziswa nguyise - Ivan III, xa woyisa i Novgorod Republic.

End of Pskov Veche

E Pskov lokugqibela Chamber of Novgorod waya eMoscow kunobhala wenkundla Tretiak Dolmatov. Yena waba ngonozakuzaku onamava ababesiza iinkosana enkulu baphuma kwimeko ancamathelayo. Messenger wabonakala emzini kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba Vasily III ubanjiwe phantse yonke basebukhosini yasekuhlaleni.

Unobhala wenkundla kwi Chamber isaziso isigqibo Grand Duke. Pskovites bafumana mandikhethe - ukuthobela okanye ukuthatha indlela imfazwe eMoscow. Abahlali bacelwa ukuba bacinge malunga ngobusuku kunye kusasa ngengomso wathabatha zonke iimfuno Vasily Ivanovich. Kwaoko ibandla intsimbi isusiwe. Njengendawo indebe onexabiso wasiwa eMonastri eMoscow. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva a frosty kusasa ngoJanuwari eko- yesixeko kwafika Grand Duke ngokwakhe. Utyelelo waqukumbela eqale Pskov eMoscow. Umhla isiganeko (ngo-1510) Loo mhla xa wokugqibela Russian kumaxesha Republic waphulukana inkululeko yawo.

imiphumela eqale

Kwiinyanga kamva, nguVasili wenza yonke into ukubethelela uloyiso yayo. Pskov abagxothiweyo lonke usapho nempembelelo. Baba iingangamsha kakuhle ozelwe nabathengisi esisityebi. Endaweni yoko, baye bathunyelwa kwisixeko azo ngokukodwa ezikhethiweyo Prince Muscovites, owaba elite yasekuhlaleni. Owayesakuba isihloko wedolophu ekugqibeleni kubhangiswa - indawo ilawulwe ngokupheleleyo yesicelo kwirhuluneli.

Xa impahla umlawuli wawela ezinika esi sixeko eziphambili - neetempile kunye inqaba. Iirhuluneli aba isimntwiso yabasemagunyeni enkundla, yomkhosi kunye nezolawulo. We wabanceda oomabhalane, bathumela ukusuka eMoscow. Pskov Isebe lezomthetho Charter (a iseti yemithetho ngayo amatyala izaphuli-mthetho balapho) abe ayisebenzi. Waye indawo uxwebhu efanayo yamkelwa kwamanye amaphondo eUnited States.

Kubahlali ukulawula ka Pskov eMoscow yoMntwana Vasily III oko kuboniswa kakhulu kwixabiso irhafu. Baye baba kakhulu ngakumbi. Ukongeza, xa kurhwebo iirhafu ziye zaziswa, nalapho kukho engazange yabakho.

Pskov ngaphakathi Russia

Abasemagunyeni esembindini kwavalwa yonke imithetho zangaphambili ukuba ngandlel 'zizakubalulwa Pskov ukusuka kuyo nayiphi na County. Nangona kunjalo impangele ngenkulungwane ye-16 igcinwe isixeko self-elawula nolulahlekisayo. Umzekelo, abahlali kufuneka ilungelo lokuzikhethela abadala, ilwelwe izinto zabo phambi kwerhuluneli. Ngaphezu koko, begcinelwe Pskov Mint.

Nakuba kunjalo, eneneni ukususela 1510 isixeko ekugqibeleni yaba yinxalenye ngamandla elimanyeneyo nekomkhulu yayo eMoscow. Kwixesha elizayo, imbali Russian iye ngokupheleleyo iziganeko ezaba uvavanyo ukuze Pskov. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni i Livonian beMfazwe, xa unyana ka-Basil Ivan ngabangcangcazelisi, idolophu umda sivete ngumkhosi Polish. Kodwa wasinda waza wahlala yinxalenye Russia.