Ukulahleka biodiversity: ngoonobangela kunye neziphumo. izinto eziphilayo

Zemvelo isandi alarm malunga ilahleko bafa eziphilayo emhlabeni ezinxulumene umsebenzi mihla yabantu, leyo uninzi, abahlala kuloo mzi, phantse akuyiphazamisi nendalo, akukho kwingcamango yokungafani yayo kwaye ungabona kuphela TV. Oku kwenza ingqiqo ubumsulwa bakhe eziphilayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa ayikho.

Yintoni eziphilayo?

Oosonzululwazi eziphilayo elithi ngokuqhelekileyo kuqondwa zezinto eziphilayo on Earth - izityalo, izilwanyana, izinambuzane, umngundo, iintsholongwane kunye eziphila ukuba ibe. Kulo mba kukho kwakhona ubudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi kwabo. Biodiversity zingenzeka:

• kwinqanaba gene, yenza uhlobo oluthile abantu Ukwahluka;
• Kwinqanaba uhlobo, loo nto ibonisa iyantlukwano kweentlobo (izityalo, izilwanyana, nomngundo, angenziwa);
• neyantlukwano kwiinkqubo zezinto eziphilayo (ecosystem), oku kuquka umahluko phakathi kwabo kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo (yokuhlala, iinkqubo eziphilayo).

Khumbula ukuba zonke iintlobo okhankanywe kweyantlukwano zihlobene. A lot eziphila kunye nenkangeleko ezahlukeneyo ukudala iimeko ukuze ukuvela kweentlobo ezintsha, iyantlukwano zofuzo kwenza kube lula ukutshintsha phakathi lwento. Ukulahleka iintetho eziphilayo malunga ephule ezithile ezi nkqubo.

Okwangoku, zemvelo isandi alarm ngenxa yokuba umntu akahambi ngokwemiqathango zokuhlala, iinkqubo eziphilayo, umntu uyila uhlobo olutsha izityalo kunye nezilwanyana kwinqanaba yemfuza. oku kuya kukuchaphazela njani ikamva eziphilayo emhlabeni, ayaziwa. Ngapha koko, yonke into yemvelo ezihambelanayo. Oku kungqinwa ebizwa ngokuba "isiphumo butterfly." Ngayo waxelela umlobi yesayensi ihlabathi Rey Bredberi bali "A Sound of beNdudumo" embindini kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

Nakwenzeka lokuphila ngaphandle biodiversity

Eyona nto ezixabisekileyo yaye kubalulekile ukuba ikhona emhlabeni - kuba ezahlukeneyo. Ngaba uyazi ukuba okanye hayi, kodwa ubomi bethu xa lulonke luxhomekeke kwi-ubutyebi Umhlaba yebhayoloji ngokunjalo izilwanyana kunye nezityalo kulinika kuthi. Enkosi izityalo, sifumana ioksijini ngokwaneleyo, nezinto ezisekelwe phezu kwabo zisinika nje ukutya, kodwa iinkuni, iphepha, ilaphu.

Ekwaluphaleni yethu technogenic kufuneka isixa esikhulu wamandla ezifunyenwe yi amafutha avuthayo, evela kwi ioli, akhiwa yokubola Amanxiwa ezininzi eziphilayo, kunye nezityalo. ubomi babantu ngaphandle eziphilayo akunakwenzeka.

Ukuza evenkileni, siye kuthenga ukutya, zahlanganiswa neepakethana, ukucinga kancinci apho kuthathwa kuyo. Ubomi inkoliso yabantu kwenzeka kwimeko elibona ibandakanya asphalt, ikhonkrithi, isinyithi kunye zokwenziwa, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba imiphumo ilahleko yezinto eziphilayo uza kumisela itheko.

Ubomi Emhlabeni neyantlukwano yayo

Imbali uMhlaba ibonisa ukuba maxa wambi ezahlukeneyo oko kwakuhlala izinto ezininzi eziphilayo, uninzi lwazo ngenxa yendaleko, wafa baza endaweni iintlobo ezintsha. Oku lula ziimeko noonobangela, nkqu nangamaxesha ekuma zendalo kwenzeka ukuncitshiswa eziphilayo, ukwahluka kweentlobo landa.

Nature yahlulahlulwe ukuze yonke into isenziwa kunxibelelwano. Nam hlobo eziphilayo awukwazi kuphila nokuphuhlisa kwindawo esekhusini. Oku kuboniswa imifuniselo emininzi ekudalweni iinkqubo ekwanti eziphilayo, ukuwa ngokupheleleyo amaxhoba.

oosonzululwazi Modern wachaza ndifunda yezigidi ezili-1.4 izinto eziphilayo, kodwa ngokutsho izibalo ehlabathini kukho phakathi 5 ne-30 yezigidi iintlobo ezihlala, ukuphuhlisa, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko. Yinto apha efika ngokwemvelo. eziphilayo loni ehlabathini lonke. Aphila ke amanzi, emoyeni, emhlabeni. Baya Izakufunyanwa entlango kunye nemimandla North noMzantsi. Nature inika yonke into eyimfuneko ukuze uqhubeke eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Ngoncedo eziphilayo kudlule nitrogen kunye carbon ibhayisikile, nto leyo, ixhasa kut- kunye nokusebenza lwezixhobo zendalo. indawo ubomi kakuhle, nto leyo idala gqaba-gqaba ngendlela Umhlaba, nako kulawulwa eziphilayo.

Leyo eyenza igalelo ekuncitshisweni eziphila kuzo?

Ukuncitshiswa lokuqala kwiindawo yehlathi. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, izityalo badlala indima ebaluleke gqitha kubomi emhlabeni. Hlathi kunye emahlathini ngokuba nemiphunga emhlabeni, ngenxa kubo ukuba ufumana ioksijini ngokwaneleyo. Ukongeza, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kukho ehlathini, kuthabatha% 6 kuphela kumphezulu womhlaba. Zibizwa mali yemfuza, accumulated kweminyaka eli-100 ezigidi zazivelela on Earth. ukulahlekelwa yakhe iya kuba vuhlayiseki kwaye kunokukhokelela umhlaba ugcwalise intlekele yendalo.

Izinto ezibangela ilahleko yezinto eziphilayo - lo msebenzi zabantu, inguqu umhlaba ukuze ukuhlangabezana, akusoloko iimfuno zabo nesizathu likhulu. Ongalawulekiyo kwamahlathi kunye hlathi hlathi ikhokelela yokuduka iintlobo ezininzi zobomi, kwanomntu unexplored kwaye olungachazwanga izimiso nokuphazamiseka kwityala lamanzi.

Oku kwenziwa ukusika kunye ukutshiswa amahlathi, ukuvuna lweentlobo zezityalo ezahlukeneyo kunye lokuloba, olwenziwa ubukhulu karhataka, ukusetyenziswa zinambuzane, ekufunxeni of imigxobhozo, ukutshatyalaliswa lezixhobo kunye ukugawula of mangroves, ukunyuka ezweni yezolimo kunye nendawo zokuhlala.

Kucacile ukuba uphuhliso zobugcisa, inkqubela zeteknoloji akayeki. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe amanyathelo ukujongana nemingeni lwendalo ilahleko yezinto eziphilayo.

I-International Convention on Biological Diversity

Ukulungiselela le njongo, yayamkela le "Convention on Biological Diversity", esatyikitywa ngamazwe 181, ogama oorhulumente baye bacinga imbopheleleko ukuba siyigcine kumazwe abo, zizinikele ukusebenza kunye namanye amazwe kunye nokwabelana ngeenzuzo kwezibonelelo yemfuza.

Kodwa oku akuzange kumthintele ukuphela kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Imeko eziphilayo ehlabathini luya esisongela ngakumbi. Kodwa kukho ithemba lokuba ingqiqo ukuba uThixo wanika indoda ayeyisi.

Evolution - injini yobomi

ubomi injini phambili yi chavelela, ngenxa apho ezinye iintlobo ziyafa kunye ezintsha abonakale. Zonke izinto eziphilileyo banamhlanje indawo icinyiwe, yaye, njengoko izazinzulu ibalwa, ukususela ukwahluka iintlobo eziye zaba khona Emhlabeni, namhlanje nani% 1 kuphela inani lawo elipheleleyo.

Ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo - yinto ingongoma ngokwendalo zazivelela, kodwa isantya sangoku ukuphela kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni bhe, oko kukwaphula zendalo ukuzeyisa yaye iye yaba yenye yeengxaki ezibaluleke kakhulu okusingqongileyo esijongene uluntu.

Indima uhlobo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila

Ulwazi loluntu malunga nendima edlalwe ngabameli eziphilayo kwindawo ekuphila kuzo, ukuba ayikho. Kodwa izazinzulu siyazi ukuba uhlobo ngalunye linentsingiselo ethile yendalo. Yokuduka uhlobo olunye kunye nokungakwazi ukuba azise esitsha kungabangela ukusabela chain eya kukhokelela ekutshabalaleni umntu.

izenzo ezidingekayo

Okokuqala lonke uluntu kufuneka azame ukulondoloza amahlathi emvula. Ngoko ke eshiya ithuba ukugcina ezinye iintlobo zezidalwa kunye nezityalo eziphilayo ekutshabalaleni. Igcina ehlathini iya kukhokelela nokuzinziswa imozulu.

Jungle - umthombo ngqo impahla izityebi yemfuza, ubuncwane, yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziphilileyo. Ukongeza, i xihlovo xa izityalo, ngenxa yokuba umntu kudala ichiza ekhethekileyo. Humidifying emoyeni, amahlathi ashinyeneyo ukuthintela ukutshintsha kwemozulu.