Ukulungela: Stone Bridge. lesikhumbuzo federal

Buza kaluzhanina zemveli apho ilitye kuvaleke? Ukulungela ukusebenza Idilesi eyaziwa: ul. Bazhenova - str. Pushkin, st. "Stone Bridge" kwiibhasi №№ 2, 3; №№ on Sibona 1, 2, 3 no ebhasini № 1. Oku akothusi. Intabalala zindlu olugqibeleleyo imbali kwaye umtsalane embindini nto ibalasele njengoko omnye kuphela.

Stone Bridge e ukulungela: History

Umakhi intloko yesixeko, PR Nikitin wakha ukulungela ukusebenza, njengamanye izixeko ezininzi (yaseTver, Torzhok Kozelsk, Maloyaroslavets) phantsi isicwangciso rhoqo: iziko, ukusuka apho yandisa iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano kunye nezitalato setyhula. Zonke emazibukweni ingxondorha enzulu kwaye yonke intliziyo ngoku ngawo emifuleni. Pet Romanovich Nikitin watsalela ingqalelo kwiingxaki ingqalelo ukulungela irhuluneli uMikhail Nikitich Krechetnikov. Loo nto, wabhenela uKumkanikazi uCatherine Omkhulu. It yasayina zokwakha eninzi. Le yaba yindlela entle elide it ukulungela ukusebenza. Stone Bridge photo ubonisa uhlobo mihla kwinkqubo yokubuyiselwa komhlaba, lwenzeka ngo-2009-2010 ngexabiso le-680 mln. Thambisani. Kodwa kutheni Abacwangcisi isixeko weza into engaqhelekanga - ukwakha okwimo kwebhulorho waseRoma Central Russia? Yena wayeqhelene iimbono Aqua noKlawudiya, Alexander Severus, kwakunye umlawuli Valens wechibi eConstantinople. ukufana ambiwa. Ngokutsho ukulungela i kwebali N. V. Gogole. Umbhali bafunda ngayo evela kumhlobo wakhe, umbusi ukulungela SA Smirnova-Rosset kunye uyifake inkcazelo Manilow amaphupha ibrorho kunye iivenkile kuyo. UNikolai Gogol wabona ukuba ibhulorho kamva, xa uhambele ukulungela ukusebenza.

imibono roman

Akafani nawuphi na omnye izakhiwo kwisixeko ukulungela ukusebenza. E Moscow, ummandla Sverdlovsk, kwaye kwezinye iindawo ningawufumana analogue, kodwa ke umsebenzi kwe- olubi zobugcisa umphefumlo kwangoko. Oku ibhulorho elula kunye viaduct, bakha 1777-1780, ngokulandelelana. Lomhleli eziqulethwe lo fantasy ngayo DB Piranesi, ababemhlonela ke idla eRoma yamandulo. In nonchernozem Russia ukulungela ixabisa. Stone ibhulorho wabeka phezu kumwonyo omkhulu yaye zinzulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kwezi ndawo. Ngokutsho ezantsi kanye eEdeni Berezuysky emfuleni. Ukusuka kokuba ibethe intwasahlobo engcwele. Le ndawo isentliziyweni esixekweni, kangangokuba ibhulorho ngokupheleleyo kuyimfuneko. Kodwa ngubani baye bacinga ukuba uza kwenza viaduct, ezibandakanya amanqanaba amabini? Owu, Kakade ke, hayi kaluzhane. Yaye ngaba unokuyithelekelela abemi kwinkulungwane XVIII, leyo ukufumana Umtsalane ukulungela ukusebenza - Stone Bridge. Kuphela emva kokuba ngalo, ufumanisa ukuba amaphupha ezinkulu kwelo xesha.

Yintoni viaduct?

Yintoni lolona ukuba ukulungela ukusebenza? Ibhulorho ilitye iphezulu kakhulu, elide ngokungaqhelekanga kwaye zigxininisa indlela. AmaRoma gxebe, ungamconganga owakhe imali yokwakha. Kaloku, ukuba ndakhe, nkqu makangakhohlisi ezininzi bakhonza kangangeenkulungwane. Imali abazange bacinge ukuthatha imali evela abemi emazweni. Kungcono ninikane ibhulorho ngokubanzi kwi inkxaso ephakamileyo nonamandla. Ngendlela ecocekileyo, viaducts, abazange ukwakha, wammisa akvaviaduki - amanzi kunye indlela kwangalaa mlinganiselo mnye ngexesha eyenziwe ngamatye okanye izitena. EYurophu wacinga kubo kwinkulungwane XIX, xa Revolution Industrial waqalisa, waza wathabatha yendlela kuloliwe. Yenza hambe ujikeleze gorge intaba ngokungathethekiyo ngaphezulu kunokuba kwakhiwe viaduct. Kwifoto ngezantsi viaduct e Marseille (ulwakhiwo 1841). ezimbini kuphela iibhlorho eYurophu kumaxesha amandulo nganto ukulungela ukusebenza. Stone Bridge-viaduct eFransi, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane XVI kunye Grodno - leminyaka XVII.

wenza njani ukulungela Bridge

Esi sakhiwo bale. ekwakhiweni kwayo sesihambe kwesiqingatha sesigidi izitena! Oku ngqo kubalwa kwinkulungwane XVIII. In xxi ukuze nkqu ngokuchanileyo ubude bayo. Oku Ngokutsho koqikelelo ezahlukeneyo iyahluka ukusuka elinamanci asibhozo nekhulu mathandathu eemitha. Kodwa nangona nakwiingqameko abebalwa - bona 15. Abathathu kweli ziko - ezinemigangatho emibini. ukuphakama yabo neemitha ezingamashumi amabini anesithathu. Emva kokulungisa iziseko ngakumbi yaye ziyaqiniswa. Imiswa 9 izibonda 12. Ububanzi kwebhulorho - iimitha elinesine.

imibono embonisweni

Code ibhulorho sakhiwa emacaleni aso bakhula ezivenkileni Iiveranda bavula imbono phezu kodonga lasekunene Oka, iNdibano Noble kunye intsimbi enqabeni Cathedral kaBathathu Emnye oyiNgcwele. It kungabonakala namhlanje. Ngowe-1912, phezu kwebhulorho indawo sinendawo ngomthi njengoko endala yayisele esidala kakhulu. Ngowe-1975 aqhube zoviwo kwebhulorho bamfumana azalufanelekela inkonzo. Imali zokusilungisa, ke, abaziwa. Siye benza olunye uviwo kwaye yanika ukuhamba kwezithuthi kunye nabahambi ngeenyawo. Kodwa enyanisweni ngayo inkxaso ezintathu iimitha ezinesiqingatha emhlabeni ivaliwe. Kuphela kwinkulungwane xxi saba kuncendile enkulu, yaye Stone Bridge limi njengoko entsha. Kukho Kusekho zokucoca kunye nokwenizwa kumwonyo, "mvuselelo" Berezuyskogo mlanjana, ngokudala ekuhleni kulo udonga. imiselwe Kukho ukulungiselela indawo yokuhlala.

Ukulungela ukusebenza Stone Bridge kunye Berezuysky ebisenyobeni - ezisemthethweni ikratshi kaluzhan kunye oqingqiweyo ngokubaluleka federal.