Impi abalimi '

War nabalimi 'ka-1773-1775 zange imvukelo yokuqala abalimi. Sele iminyaka elishumi ngaphambi kwesi siganeko, iingxelo ezinjalo ke bengaphezu kwamashumi amane. INkosi yabakhupha ngamakhoboka zakhe lithemba. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe wayedla yimpumelelo kakhulu kwaye ukuzama ukubaleka. Phakathi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo bazandlala nkqubo zobuxoki kunye nemimiselo ukuba iza kutshitshiswa serfdom. Kwakukho abakhohlisi abaninzi. Ngoko ke, oko kwabhalwa ngokusemthethweni iimeko ezintandathu imbonakalo yedwa, "uPetros III», nto leyo eneneni wafa ngo 1762. Ngokuchasene nentsukaphi iziganeko ezichazwe, aza ayaphula imfazwe yamahlwempu ukhokelwa Emelyana pugacheva.

Wazalwa kwi Don, kwidolophana Zimoveyskoy (kwi enye, apho iminyaka elikhulu ngaphambi koko beza Stepan Razin). Nokuba kule minyaka ili-17 wayesele ningazani eTurkey, ne-Prussia. Ngokuba nesibindi edabini, wafumana isikhundla sezigodlo. Emelyan wabanjwa lwela izilangazelelo Cossacks eziqhelekileyo kunye nabalimi. Ngowe-1773 wawaphepha entolongweni e Kazan. Ezibonakala Yaik, wavelisa yena uPetros III yaye abamngqongileyo Cossacks 80. Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, inani womkhosi wakhe sele abantu 2500 kwaba.

imfazwe yamahlwempu waze waqala phakathi Cossacks, naye nokusebenza, kwaye ngamakhoboka kunye amagcisa, kunye nabameli iintlanga ezininzi kummandla iVolga. Ngaphezu koko, phantsi kwebhanile elimanyeneyo zentiyo iinkosi amakholwa Old, amaSilamsi, abahedeni kunye Orthodox. E. Pugachev ngesisa wabanika imiyalelo kunye eziboniswa. Eyona idumileyo wathembisa yangaphambili serf intando, umhlaba, umhlaba, ewakhulule irhafu.

imfazwe yamahlwempu uqale kwi Yaik enye. amabutho lokuQala Pugachev wathimba idolophu encinane phezu komlambo. Emva koko, bawungqinga ke Orenburg - an igwiba ebalulekileyo kumzantsi-mpuma lizwe. Uyikhuphile yophuma isixeko imikhosi Queen ikhokelwa ngu-General Kara. wempi woyiswa, Bashkirs, ababehamba kuyo, wathabatha icala Pugachev. butho senziwe waqhubeka ukoyisa imizi Russia.

Emva konyaka Pugachev kamva boyiswa kufuphi Orenburg. War yamahlwempu wangena kwisigaba sayo sesibini. Ngezigaba bavukeli babuyela Urals, bajoyine inani zabo, Wasikwa ku Kazan, wayoyisa. Nangona kunjalo, esi sixeko wabalekiselwa amajoni Queen ekhokelwa yi Michelson. Kule mpi Pugachev akuphumelelanga. Engamakhulu amahlanu amadoda akhe, safudukela kwelinye icala iVolga.

War nabalimi 'baphela ukusabela Pugachev, nangona kwakukhangeleka kunokuba lokuhlasela. Ukuhambisa ecaleni iVolga phantsi ukufika Don, amajoni akhe baqhubeka endleleni wasithimba isixeko. Kwaye nje lilinge zamva ukufaka Tsaritsyn amenza bazoyise lokugqibela. Pugachev neqaqobana abalandeli bazimela ngaphaya iVolga, ndithemba ukuba abahlanganisele ngokukhawuleza iqela kwakhona. Noko ke, kwakukho Cossack ukusuka azizityebi ukuba bayithimba baza kuthunyelwa ebuhlanti ukumkanikazi eMoscow ukuze ngaloo ndlela afumane inkoliseko yakhe. NgoJanuwari 1775 Pugachev owabulawa kunye nabaxhasi bakhe Bolotnaya Square. , Babesoblwaya kunye namanye amalungu yokusebenza. EYafo, leyo kusungulwa emthini zizidumbu kufika amadoda abulawa abakhululwa ngo kuqubha iVolga yayikukulumkisa abantu nokuthintela ithuba elinye mvukelo.

Umkhosi abalimi, ikhokelwa ngu Pugachev wavuthululwa nguSirayeli, nangona ubunzima. Isizathu soku ke spontaneity wakhe, xiyimiso kwezithuthi kwindawo enye, ukunqongophala kakhulu kwezixhobo, ezahlukeneyo ubume bentlalo -nxaxheba, ukunqongophala iinjongo kuchazwe ngokucacileyo, inkqubo ecacileyo, ukholo obonisa kwi inkosi elungileyo.

Kodwa waba kwanokuvuselela uCatherine II eziliqela iinguqu ngokumalunga amabhunga olawulo emhlabeni, kwakunye ukudityaniswa umthetho phezu amalungelo iiklasi labantu.