Ukungavumelani kwe luthambe

rhoqo imfuno kunye nonikezelo yenza kube lula ukubona ulwalathiso jikelele notshintsho la magama phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko ezifana ixabiso. Kuyinto ezi zifundo ze uvumele ukuqulunqa umthetho ezisisiseko kwezoqoqosho - sonikezelo kunye nemfuno. Ukuze concretize isiphumo ixabiso okanye naziphi na ezinye izinto, kwabakho imfuneko ukwenza amanqaku jikelele (ukungavumelani kwe luthambe ubonelelo), nto leyo iza kudityaniswa kunye ukunyuka nokwehla ixabiso kwi kwemfuneko kwimveliso. Eli gama anike impendulo yombuzo - eli Unciphiso luya kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokucotha, ngamandla okanye wavuma.

Ithiyori kwezoqoqosho, 'ngumlingani ka luthambe wafika emva kwexesha, kodwa yaphuhliswa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba nokwenzeka ekwahluleni ngokubanzi beza kuqoqosho evela zenzululwazi zendalo, kwaye okokuqala kule kota busetyenzisiwe izazinzulu kwenkulungwane ye-17, uRobert Boyle kuphononongo zegesi kunye nemihlaba yazo. Yoncwadi kwezoqoqosho, ingcamango "luthambe" yaqaliswa ngenkulungwane ye-19, Alfred Marshall evela UK, elandelwa uphuhliso theory J. Hicks (kwakhona ukusuka UK) kunye P. Samuelson ukusuka kwi US.

Ngokwawo, ibinzana elithi "luthambe" linoxanduva iqhezu elinye impendulo bume kuxhomekeke utshintsho kwenye, kodwa ukuba nolwalamano kwangaphambili kunye ixabiso lokuqala.

Ukusebenzisa eli nani ukuya kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho iindlela ezininzi obonisa impendulo amandla elinye variable lwezoqoqosho ezinye iinguqu ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhetha ifanelekileyo zingathathwa neeyunithi iyunifomu - ukusebenzisa indlela yomlinganiselo njengepesenti.

Ngokwamanani ubuninzi, lo luthambe ibalwa ngokusebenzisa ukungavumelani kwe luthambe.

Ngenxa yoko, 'ngumlingani ka luthambe ngumlinganiselo ixabiso lenani ezivakalisa ipesenteji utshintsho kwenye Womendo ngenxa utshintsho ekhulwini enye. Imida zesi salathisi - ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya yokungapheli.

Kunye nokuqaliswa naphaya kwi Uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho babe namathuba ezongezelelweyo, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- luthambe lomlingani sisixhobo manani ukuba liye lasetyenziswa kuphando ngokupapasha;

- luthambe ivumela, ukongeza, ukuba inkqubo umlinganiselo elinye okanye amanye lwezoqoqosho, kodwa ukuchaza isiphumo.

Kuqoqosho lwanamhlanje akukho inqanaba lomsebenzi, apho bekuya kuba nzima ukusebenzisa ukungavumelani kwe luthambe. Umzekelo, ithiyori yemijikelo kwezoqoqosho, uhlalutyo yonikezelo kunye nemfuneko, nolindelo kwezoqoqosho, njl

Njengoko nkcazelo jikelele luthambe lamkele ibinzana zimelwe ngokwahlula ukwanda zibe umsebenzi ukuya ukwenyuselwa relative variable ezimeleyo.

Kukho uhlobo olunye lwezibonisi ingqalelo - luthambe arc, nto leyo kwinqanaba eliqikelelwayo kwemfuneko okanye nangoncedo evelayo kwezo utshintsho ahambelanayo kwengeniso, amaxabiso kunye nezinye izinto.

luthambe arc nga kumiselwa njengento luthambe avareji okanye okubuyela kwimo leyo embindini Isingqi esithungelanayo iingongoma ezimbini. Eneneni, xa sicinga kuthathelwa ingqalelo amanani avareji izikhombisi zoqoqosho, njengoko ixabiso, imfuno, ubonelelo.

luthambe arc bubonakala kukho utshintsho ixabiso okanye ingeniso enkulu kakhulu. Arc luthambe lomlingani, wabe D. Rubinfeld kunye R.Pindayka, uhlala phakathi kwezalathisi ezimbini okubuyela kwimo yesiqhelo ukuba amaxabiso aphezulu nezisezantsi.

Ngamanye amazwi - kwimeko utshintsho engephi amaxabiso eliqikelelwayo ibalwe ingongoma okanye okubuyela kwimo yesiqhelo, kwaye ngokubanzi - luthambe arc.