Ostin Dzheyn (uJane Austen). Dzheyn Ostin iinoveli, kukhubazeko film

Kwaye kule mini uMiss Ostin Dzheyn ngomnye umbhali IsiNgesi edumileyo. Rhoqo ubizwa ngokuba First Lady iincwadi IsiNgesi. imisebenzi zayo kucelwa ukuba bafunde kuzo zonke iikholeji Britani kunye neeyunivesithi. Ngoko ke ngubani lo mfazi?

ulwazi Brief oluchaza

Dzheyn Ostin azalwe ngoDisemba 16, 1775. House abazali bakhe kwidolophu encinane lephondo Steventon, ukuba kummandla okwilizwe Hampshire. Uyise, George, ofundileyo ngokwenene nendoda bakhanyiselwa, wehla evela intsapho yamandulo Kentish kwaye wayengumfundisi.

Umama Umbhali UCassandra Lee, naye evela intsapho endala kodwa abahlwempuzekileyo. Ukongeza usapho Jane sisengama ezisixhenxe abantwana - noYakobi, George, Edward, uHenry, Francis uCharles, kunye nodade UCassandra. Umbhali sekusondele kakhulu udade wabo. Kungenxa ezibhalelwa uye wafunda ezinye iinyani malunga nobomi nehlombe Jane.

Esakhula we umbhali odumileyo

Enyanisweni, ngobuntwana bakhe esakhula uMiss Austen yaziwa hayi kangako. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo ngembonakalo yakhe, kuba inkcazo imithombo eyahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo yesandi. Noko ke, loo nto ixela ukuba uJane intombazana ezintle, zaziwa mhle ngengqondo ukwazi, ingqiqo elungileyo uburharha kunye ukwazi engakholelekiyo. fashion Ngaphezu koko, yena wayemthanda, namanenekazi abanomdla, waya iibhola, ekhwela fun yaye wayekuthanda sihle playful nezalamane kunye nabahlobo.

Wabufunda Apho Miss Austen?

Umbhali isebenza kuphela ukubonisa italente obalaseleyo, kodwa uphuhliso enkulu ngokwengqondo nguNksz Austen. Jane Wabufunda kumaziko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngowe-1783, umbhali elizayo kunye nodadewabo UCassandra waqalisa izifundo zakhe Oxford. Kodwa apha oodade bayaphuma amathamsanqa, njengoko ubunzima ukusuka despotism ka nhloko, uze bosulelwe kunye yesifo. Ke kwabakho isikolo e Southampton, emva koko intombazana kwakhona batshintsha isikolo. iziko lemfundo e Reading nayo iye anisondelanga intombazana ukwazi, ngokuba ingunaphakade inceba inqununu lahlanganisa namdla ngokupheleleyo kwimfundo yabantwana.

Emva iintsilelo ezininzi kangaka, uJane wabuyela ekhaya, apho utata wakhe benza kwezemfundo. Dzhordzh Ostin wakwazi ukufundisa iintombi zabo kuphela nothando lokufunda, kodwa incasa ngokungangqalanga zoncwadi. Uthi ukhule yaye ziphuhliswa emoyeni ngokwasengqondweni, kwaye kwenzeka ngokuhlwa zokufunda kunye nengxoxo iincwadi Classic.

Impembelelo kumsebenzi we umbhali

Kakade ke, imfundo eqhubekela ekhaya kunye nolwazi zoncwadi kayise washiya uphawu yabo kumsebenzi zombhali. Kodwa kukho ezinye izizathu eziphembelele inkqubo wokudala nezamabali ka Miss Austen. Jane wayephila ngexesha ngenxa yeziganeko eyaziwa zembali - yaza loo nto yabonakalayo French Revolution, i Revolution Industrial eNgilani, imvukelo e-Ireland, imfazwe inkululeko eMelika, njalo-njalo ..

Nangona uninzi lobomi bakhe uJane kwiphondo, sele ngenkuthalo baqhubeka imbalelwano kunye nezalamane kunye nabahlobo ngokucacileyo wachaza iziganeko zakhe zembali, leyo zazinyaswa zabo. Kuyinto le leta waba intombazana eselula umthombo ungaphelelwayo iingcamango nolwazi eluncedo.

Dzheyn Ostin: imisebenzi kwixesha lokuqala

Asingabo bonke abalandeli umbhali uyazi ukuba umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala yena sidalwe kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Ngokomzekelo, enye yezi misebenzi yaba inoveli epistolary "Uthando Ubuhlobo", nto leyo wadalwa njenge uhlobo lumo eyayithandwa ngelo xesha, zothando yaseBritani.

Ngelo xesha, yena nabo babesebenza "History of England", leyo, enyanisweni, yaba lumo, lampoon kwi kwincwadi A. umnyibilikisi. Apha uJane ngobuqili uze wittily bamhleka ibango umbhali ukuba njongo, ngeli esicacisa ezinye iinkcukacha ngenene zembali. Enye lumo yenoveli IsiNgesi emveli waba novelette "Beautiful UCassandra".

Umbhali odumileyo inoveli

Ngokuqinisekileyo phantse wonke ubuncinane kanye ebomini bakhe ithuba lokuba babone imisebenzi Dzheyn Ostin. iinoveli bayo zithandwa kakhulu phakathi abalandeli yoncwadi lwamandulo.

Ngowe-1811, umsebenzi wokuqala Dzheyn Ostin yapapashwa - "Bonse enengqondo." Hi ndlela leyi, le ncwadi ipapashwe phantsi elabo "Lady." Le yindlela elula kwaye ngexesha elinye ibali umdla malunga ezimbini oodade kunye nabalinganiswa ezahlukeneyo. Marianna - intombazana ngokweemvakalelo enovakalelo ufuna ukufumana uthando lokwenene, lo gama Elinor ngakumbi reserved, kusengqiqweni yaye kuza kubanceda.

Impumelelo yalo msebenzi ukuba lo umbhali ngo-1813 ukuya apapashe le ncwadi elandelayo - inoveli eyaziwa kakuhle ngokuba "Ikratshi Prejudice", leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, sabhalwa kakhulu ngaphambili. Kuthiwa lo msebenzi sabhalwa nangoko emva zahlukane Tom Lefroy, kodwa ngenxa yokuba abavakalisi Wayishiya ekuqaleni, ukuba ulinde ithuba labo ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. Ibali uthando, nto leyo eya kudlula ixesha elininzi ubandlululo kanye soyise ikratshi, namhlanje enye kakhulu iincwadi ezithandwayo zombhali.

Umsebenzi elandelayo wapapasha incwadi "Mansfield Park". Dzheyn Ostin uye wasebenza kuyo iminyaka emithathu. Hi ndlela leyi, lo msebenzi bobabo kwinoveli ebizwa njalo-zemfundo. Ibali intombazana abaya kuya kufuneka ukhethe phakathi komnxeba wentliziyo, imithetho beneentloni, nengqiqo iingxoxo, yaba ngumba a miniseries.

Ngowe-1816 kwafika omnye inoveli odumileyo - "Emma". Dzheyn Ostin apha ngendlela ahlekisayo, wachaza imbali yokonwabela, intombazana UmGrugra ngubani na ukuba mnandi, ukunceda abahlobo bakhe ukuba batshate. Yemizi indima wabantu, ngazo, ngasendleleni, akuyona umsebenzi omhle kakhulu, phantse Emma ngoyaba ulonwabo lwakhe.

Ngowe-1817, kokufa kwakhe, yanyatheliswa enye incwadi esihloko sithi "Ukweyisela." Dzheyn Ostin reader pechalnayu waxelela ibali Anne Elliot, sikhokelwa icebiso bobuqili ezintombi bakhe nonina, yasishiya kuphela umntu emthanda. Hi ndlela leyi, le ncwadi idla kugqalwa uhlobo kwibali yombhali ngokwayo.

Emva konyaka, yanyatheliswa enye inoveli - "Northanger Abbey", nto leyo fun and lumo ekrelekrele le eyimfihlakalo iinoveli zwe.

imisebenzi engagqitywanga of Jane

Enyanisweni, asingabo bonke umsebenzi wababhali zigqitywe. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni ubomi Miss Austen epistolary encinane inoveli ebizwa ngokuba "Lady USusan" zange ishicilelwe. Ezibhaliweyo phakathi 1803 no 1805 yeminyaka kwimbali amaqhinga luli kunye nobuqili Lady USusan, ezama ukukhangela ukuba umyeni efanelekileyo, neminye imiba ebalulekileyo yokuziphatha kunye neendlela zokuziphatha.

Lo mxholo elifanayo ukuzingelwa umyeni yachaphazeleka, kunye nezinye i inoveli engagqitywanga, umbhali ebizwa ngokuba "Watsons". Hi ndlela leyi, lo msebenzi kamva ekugqibeleni nomtshana uJane yaza yapapashwa phantsi kwesihloko "dade omncinane."

Kukho omnye umsebenzi ethandwayo ngumbhali yaseBritani, leyo yena Tamare ixesha ukugqiba. Kwi inoveli "Senditon" UJane waqalisa ukusebenza iinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, yaye ixesha babhale kuphela ukuqhekeka. Ngowe-2000, lo msebenzi yagqitywa umbhali IsiNgesi Dzhuliey Barret - kwinoveli ipapashwe phantsi kwegama "Charlotte."

Umbhali impilo Personal

Oku ezisitheleyo, nangona bembonakalo yayo kunokuba mnandi, Dzheyn Ostin wahlala yedwa. Ebutsheni yakhe ufumene isindululo umtshato evela umtshana osisityebi of Lady Gresham Weasley, kodwa wala, njengoko na baye bafumana naziphi feelings for yena.

Ngo-1795, bekukho umntu omaziyo umthetho umfundi amahlwempu Thomas Lefroy kunye Miss Austen. Jane zikhankanywe izihlandlo eziliqela ngezi ziganeko kwiileta zakhe udade wabo. Phakathi kwabantu abatsha nangoko aphule feelings for enye kwenye, kodwa kwafuneka ukuba bahambe. Ngapha koko, abantu abatsha abasuka kumakhaya ahluphekileyo, yaye kuphela umtshato kuluncedo kuba ziindlalifa sisityebi unako ukusihlangula kuloo meko. Hi ndlela leyi, uTomas ekugqibeleni waba iNkosi iJaji eyiNtloko Ireland. Iminyaka Jane 30 ayenxiba kwebhonethi kukho intombi endala, exelela ihlabathi ukuba akayi ukutshata.

Emva kokufa kukayise zombhali wanceda umama wakhe ngeenxa zonke endlwini, njengoko imeko yezimali ntsapho kwakunzima kakhulu. Ngowe-1817, Andiswa wafudukela Winchester, apho ngayo isifo Addison kaThixo, xa besebenza kwinoveli "Senditon". Apha wafa ngomhla we-18 kuJulayi.

Dzheyn Ostin: kukhubazeko umboniso kweenoveli

Eneneni, imisebenzi umbhali British abangela umdla ecacileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kuphela ethi "Ikratshi kunye Prejudice" yathathwa izihlandlo ezilishumi. picture lokuqala esekelwe kwi inoveli wabonakala phezu izikrini ngo-1938. version TV yokugqibela kwinoveli edumileyo yapapashwa ngo-2005 - indima Elizabeth Bennet wavuka Kire Naytli kunye noMnu Darcy kaThixo yakhiwe yadlalwa Mettyu Makfeyden.

I inoveli "Bonse enengqondo," aguqulelwe kwekhusi izihlandlo ezihlanu. Enye imveliso ethandwayo ebizwa ngokuba "Emma" idale isiseko sebali lwemizobo ezisibhozo. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi zonke kwiifilim Dzheyn Ostin. Umzekelo, kukho iifilim ezine, wadala ngokusekelwe inoveli "Ukweyisela." A "Northanger Abbey" ebekwe kwiskrini kabini - ngo-1986 no-2006. Kukho kwakhona film ezintathu kwingcamango imisebenzi "Mansfield Park". Njengoko kubonakala, zonke zawugqiba iinoveli ibali Dzheyn Ostin yaba sisiseko bhanyabhanya ezininzi. Kwaye nangona eli xesha, ukutshintsha indlela yobomi kunye nezithethe, aba ibali elilula ngothando, ubuhlobo kunye yokuziphatha nangoku besonwabela umdla omkhulu ababukeli readers.

Movies malunga ubomi umbhali

Enyanisweni, into inzala inxalenye umboniso guru kwaba kuphela imisebenzi Dzheyn Ostin, kodwa ubomi bakhe kanye. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ulondoloze iifilim ezintathu, licebo apho ngendlela enye okanye omnye ngokususela kwidatha zabantu umbhali odumileyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-2002, kwakhululwa kwi documentary ezirentwayo ebizwa ngokuba "Real Dzheyn Ostin", isiseko apho bathathwa iinkcukacha zomntu kanye ezaziwayo-kakuhle kunye neeleta eseleyo kodade zombhali UCassandra.

Ngo-2007, wabonakala phezu kwikhusi umdlalo obizwa "Nkosazana Austen nokubeka," ebalisa ibali kwiminyaka yokugqibela umbhali abanetalente kodwa lilolo kwaye ulwalamano lwakhe nomnye abatshana. Apha indima Jane waya Olivii Uilyams.

Kulo efanayo 2007 melodrama "Dzheyn Ostin" ( "Ukuba Jane") yathathwa, ibali isekelwe lusizi ibali uthando aspiring umbhali kunye namahlwempu, abanekratshi kodwa uyathandeka igqwetha uTom Lefroy.