Ukunyuswa kwesimo sengqondo esifungelweyo. Iimpawu, iimvavanyo. Isiqendu 21 seNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho

Umsebenzi oyintloko wobuchwephesha beengqondo yinkxalabo yintlungu. Amaphesenti angaphezu kwe-90 eemviwo zeengqondo zonyango zenziwa ukulungisa le ngxaki.

Ingxaki ye-sanity-insanity

Umthetho awuniki inkcazo yomxholo wesityholo. Kuye kubonakaliswe ukungcola. Nangona kunjalo, kuboniswe ukuba umntu kuphela ofikelele kwiminyaka ethile, unomgangatho othile wokukhula kwengqondo nengokwengqondo, obika ingxelo kwaye enze izinto ezithile kwaye uyabaqondisa, uyakwazi ukulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe, ubonakalise ukuqonda nokuthanda kwakhe. Kuphela phambi kwale miqondiso sinokuthetha ngokucoceka kommi.

Ingcamango yokusila

Kodwa kukho abantu abangenako ukugwetywa isohlwayo ngenxa yecala elenziwe.

Ubuninzi bubuhlungu bento yengqondo , apho umntu engakwazi ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo nokulawula izenzo zakhe nezenzo zakhe, kwaye abike ngemiphumo yabo (Isiqendu 21 seKhowudi yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaseRashiya Federation). Umntu onjalo akagcinwanga uxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ubume bentlanzi bubhekisela kwithuba lolwaphulo-mthetho, oko kukuthi, lilinganiselwe ixesha. Ukulahleka kokuqonda ingozi yezenzo, ukungakwazi ukuvavanya nokuzikhokela zifumaneka rhoqo kubantu abagulayo ngengqondo.

Ugqirha, onguchwepheshe wezifo zengqondo ngenxa yenkqubo ekhethekileyo yokuxilonga unelungelo lokuvavanya isimo sengqondo somntu kwaye umise ifom ye-insanity. Ukuqatshelwa kommangalelwa kwimeko yobugebengu njengobuthakathaka kuphela yinkcazo yenkundla. Umntu osesikweni sokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho kwisimo esingenangqondo ukhululeka uxanduva kwaye uyabekwa kwisibhedlele sengqondo ukwenzela unyango (Isiqendu 21 seNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaseRashiya Federation).

Isiseko sobuthakathaka

Kuyakwazi ukuqhawula umgaqo onjalo wokuhlambalaza:

• Unyango (biological);
• Umthetho (wengqondo).

Inkqubo yezokwelapha

Yena Ndakanya:

1. Ingxaki yengqondo engapheliyo (i-schizophrenia, isifo sokuxhamla, isifo sengqondo somzimba, isifo sengqondo esingenangqondo esingahlaliyo) sibonakalisa ukuphazamiseka okubuhlungu kwengqondo kunye nokutshintsha kwimo sengqondo kwihlabathi elikufutshane xa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, imemori, ukucinga, ukuthintela, ukuziphatha, ubuchule obunzima buboniswa.
2. Ingxaki yengqondo yesikhashana. Kuqondwa njengoluhlu olubanzi lweengxaki zengqondo ezivela kwiintsholongwane ezingaguqukiyo zengqondo, umzekelo, isifo sengqondo esisebenzayo, ukuphazamiseka kwexesha elifutshane (i-state-twilight, states-sucking states, njl.). Zihlala zifutshane, zidla ngokuphelisa.
3. I-Dementia (ukuphuculwa kwengqondo kwinqanaba elinzima kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sengqondo esifumanekayo). Ezi meko mazibe zihlala zingapheli kwaye ziqhubeke, zimele zibonakaliswe ngokuphulwa koqhelaniso, imemori, ukuqonda, amandla okufunda, ukuphuka kwamakhono amakhulu.
4. Enye imeko edibeneyo yintlupheko yobuntu, i-infantilism kunye nabanye.

Umqathango wezomthetho

Eyona nto ibonakalisa ukungabikho kokuqonda kwimeko yezenzo zabo (ukushiya) kunye nemiphumo enokwenzeka, kunye nokungakwazi ukulawula. Umgaqo-mthethweni uquka izicwangciso ezimbini:

1. Ingqiqo ibonakalisa ukuqonda komntu ngezenzo zakhe, ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo imeko kunye neenjongo zokuziphatha kwakhe, oko kukuthi, ithuba lokuqonda ubunjani bezenzo zakhe kunye nokuphumeza imiphumo yabo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa wenza isigwebo, umenzi wobugwenxa unyanzeliseka ngokunyanisekileyo oko bazama ukumjezisa. Ngokomzekelo, ummi wabiba ibhasikiya ukusuka kwindawo yokupaka ibhasiki okanye ukusuka kwisakhiwo sendawo yokuhlala, ngamazwi akhe, ukukhwela nokubuya.

Icandelo lemiqathango yecala lithetha amandla omntu ukuba akhokele izenzo zakhe.

I-criteri-eneenjongo ezinamandla iphulwa ngamandla, umzekelo, kubantu abaxhomekeke kutywala, izilwanyana ezidakayo, i-kleptomaniacs. Kubonakala beqonda ukuba benza kakuhle, kodwa abakwazi ukwenza nantoni na ngeminqweno yabo.

Ubunxanxu luyinto ehambelanayo yokunyanzeliswa kwezi zombini. Ngaphandle koko, awukwazi ukuwuthintela umntu wesimo sokuziphatha.

Iingxaki ezingabandakanyi ukungcola

Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho iziganeko zokuzisa abantu abanesifo sengqondo esingabandakanyi uxanduva (ubuncipheko obuthathaka). Kwiimeko ezinje, iCandelo lama-22 leNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaseRashiya isebenza. Umthetho osemthethweni usetyenziswe kwimithetho yaseRussia ukususela ngo-1997. Ngokwenene, kuyafana noluhlu lokunciphisa ubunqweno obuthatyathwe kumthetho wobugebengu wenani lamazwe angaphandle.

Ukuqaliswa kweli nqaku kunikeze ithuba lokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo isimo sengqondo senzekaphulo enokwenzeka ngexesha lolwaphulo-mthetho. Olu hlobo lwabantu lubelwe ukuhlolwa kweengqondo zengqondo-ngqondweni, ngexesha apho kuhlolwe i-criterion yezokwelapha (ubukho bentsholongwane yengqondo kwisifundo), okubandakanya iintlobo zeengxaki zeengqondo nokuphambuka kokuziphatha. Lo mqathango uqulethe izikhundla ezimbini - ukungcola kunye nokukwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo nokukhokela zabo izenzo nokubona kwangaphambili imiphumo yabo.

Abantu abanjalo baqatshelwa njengobuntu kwaye banakho ukuphendula kwi-court ngenxa yezenzo zabo, kodwa abakwaziyo ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo nokukhokela zabo izenzo nokubona kwangaphambili iimiphumo zabo. Oko kukuthi, umntu uyabonakala, uyayiqonda into eyenzekayo noko akwenzayo, kodwa unesifo sengqondo (umzekelo, ukuphazamiseka komntu) ongamvumeli ukulawula ngokupheleleyo izenzo zakhe.

Ngaloo ndlela, inkundla iya kuthatha ingqalelo ukuba kukho ukugula kwengqondo kumntu kwaye, ukuba kunyanzelekile, inokumcebisa ukuba abekwe uphando kunye nonyango evela kwisazi sengqondo kwindawo apho uya kuthunyelwa khona ukuze ajeziswe.

Izigwenxa ezenziwe kwiimeko zobunxila

Musa ukudibanisa ukuthunyelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho ngumntu onesifo sengqondo kunye nomntu onxiliswe ngotywala okanye iziyobisi. Ukusela utywala kunokukhawulela okwesikhashana intando kunye nomsebenzi wengqondo womntu (ngaphandle kokuxhatshazwa ngokwemvelo). Ngako oko, isizathu esinjalo asiyi kuba sisizathu esicacisayo sokudlulisela isigwebo kuye, esichazwe ngokuthe ngqo ngumthetho.

Abaphulaphuli abancinci

Kwiminyaka yamuva, inani labantwana abenza ubugebengu landa. Umzekelo, umntwana oneminyaka eyi-15 wenza isigwebo. Uhlolo lwengqondo lwengqondo kunye nolwabuchopho lwaqhutyelwa, oluye lwaqinisekisa ukuba akazange ahlupheke ngenxa yengxaki yengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana uphahla emva kokuphuhliswa, okungahambisani nokugula kwengqondo.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, loo mntu akaxanduva lokuphendula, ngenxa yokuba akayi kuhlola ngokupheleleyo izenzo zakhe nemiphumo yakhe. Ngokukodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuguquka kwengqondo engapheliyo kuphela ngenxa yeengxaki ezibangelwa ngumzimba okanye izifo ezithathelwanayo, iziganeko zezinto eziphilayo zokukhula komntwana (inzala, izifo eziphilayo zokuguqula izifo ze-endocrine, kunye nabanye), kodwa kunye neemeko zentlalo (iimeko ezingenakulungelelaniswa kunye nokukhuliselwa kweentsapho, ukuxhatshazwa kwengqondo kwengqondo) . Aba bantwana abakasebenzi imisebenzi enamandla enamandla kunye nokukwazi ukuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo imeko yangoku. Baye basebenzise uvavanyo lwe-psyche, elineyona nto igxininisa ekukholeni kwengqondo kunye neempawu zobuntu.

Ngoko, imigaqo yokuyeka emva kokuphuhliswa kwengqondo ingaba:

• Iqondo eliphantsi lokuqonda;
• Ukuvuthwa kwengqondo;
• Ukungcola kwezenhlalakahle;
• Ukuziphatha okungafaniyo;
• Ubunzima;
• Maximalism yeminqweno;
• Umnqweno wokuqinisekisa;
• Ukungabonakali kunye nabanye.

Makhe senze umzekelo: Umntwana oneminyaka elishumi eli-15 utyholwa ngokuthatha ulwabi ngeqela labantu. Uphando lwaqhutywa, uvavanyo lwe-psyche, emva koko lwacaca ukuba wayengenakuqonda ngokucacileyo ubunjani bezenzo zakhe, ekubeni emva kokuxhwaleka kwentloko yakhe ebuntwaneni waqala ukulala emva kwentlalo ekuphuhliseni, ebonakaliswe ngumlingane omncinane, wayethanda ukubukela iikhathuni, uthetha nabantwana, Ungumncinci kunokuba ngumdala. Uphuhliso lwakhe lwengqondo luhambelana nomntwana weminyaka elishumi okanye elishumi elinanye. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, inkundla ithole ummangali enqabileyo ngecala lokudala.

Ukuhlolwa kweengqondo zengqondo

Ukunyuswa komcimbi yinto enqunywe yinkantolo ngokubhekiselele kuviwo lokuhlola ngengqondo, oluqhutyelwa ngunyango wezifo zengqondo okanye ikhomishini yoogqirha, iingcali zengqondo zengqondo ngenxa yesigqibo somphenyi okanye isigwebo senkundla.

Inkqubo yoviwo

Kwikhosi yoviwo:

• Isimo sengqondo somxholo;
• Ikhono lomxholo ukuba likwazi ubunjani kunye nobungozi bezenzo zakhe, kunye nemiphumo yazo;
• Isidingo sokonyango okunyanzelekileyo;
• Iingxaki zendlela yokusebenza, amandla okuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokufakaza kwinkundla kunye nabanye.

Ubungcali obubanzi

Xa kunesidingo sokufunda ngokugqibeleleyo kobuntu, uvavanyo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwe-psycho-psychiatric luya kuqeshwa.

Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zoviwo, isiphelo senziwa kwimeko yomntu. Inkundla yenza isigqibo sayo, ingqalelo ingcamango yeengcali, kodwa isiphelo ngokwawo sinomcebisi kuphela.

Masibhale iziphumo

1. Ubuncumo ngumqathango okhulula umntu kuzo zonke iimbopheleleko. Isebenza njengesiseko sokuthumela ummangalelwa unyango.
2. Ubume bentlanzi busekelwe kwiinkalo ezimbini: iyeza kunye neyendalo.
3. Ukungcola okuthethileyo kuthetha ukuba umntu uhlambulukile, kodwa ngexesha lokwenza isigwebo, kukho isifo esinqanda ukuba i-examiner ikwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo nokukhokela izenzo zakhe.
4. Ubungqina bokubuyiswa kwengqondo ekuphuculweni kwengqondo, okungahambisani nokugula kwengqondo, kunokubangela ukuba kukhululwe umthwalo phambi komthetho nenkundla.
5. Ubungqina kunye nobuqhetseba ngumgaqo-mthethweni, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuqonda umntu njengomntu ongenangqondo enkundleni.
6. Isiphetho soviwo lweengqondo esilungelelaniso sengcebiso ngendalo, kwaye inkundla yenza isigqibo ngokwayo.

Ukuqaphela zonke iimbopheleleko phambi koluntu, iziphathamandla zomgwebo zinika eli gangatho ngokulumkisa ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye zilandele iziphumo zophando olunzulu, ukuze zingabikho kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezizenza ngathi zigula.