Ukuqhekeka komgudu. Utyando lwe-vertebral fracture. Uncedo lokuqala, ukuhlinzwa, ukuvuselelwa

Ngaphandle kwamandla ayo, inkqubo ye-musculoskeal system ihlala ixhomekeke kwimithwalo ephezulu, engabangela ukulimala. Umonakalo omkhulu kwaye unobungozi obunzima ngumkhuhlane womgudu. Ukunyangwa kwephulo lokutshatyalaliswa kwe- vertebral kuza kuxhomekeka ngokukhawuleza ngobunzima bokulimala kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Ngomonakalo onjalo, izicubu zomakhelwane zihlala zibandakanyeka kwinkqubo, umzekelo, izihlunu, intambo yomgudu, iigaments. Oku kusenokuba isongela iingxaki ezinzulu.

Siya kuzama ukujongana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlukana kwe-vertebral, uncedo lokuqala kunye nokunyangwa kwesi sigqubuthelo.

Iintlobo zeentlobo zomqolo

Iziqhekeza zomgudu zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye namadigri. Ukuhlelwa kwezinto eziqhekekileyo kwenziwa ngenye impawu. Ukuba siqwalasela indlela yokonakalisa, sinokuhlukanisa iintlobo ezintathu zokulimala:

1. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaza. Ivela njengomphumo wokutyumba i-vertebrae phantsi kwefuthe lokuxhatshazwa kwamandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo umonakalo onjalo uphela ukuwa emqolo, emilenzeni okanye emathangeni.
2. I-Flexion-yonakaliswe kakhulu, okanye ibizwa ngokuba yi-flexion-extensor lesions. Ukuxakeka okunjalo kuthathwa njengowona mkhulu kunabo bonke, ngokusekelwe kwiphambano kunye nokwandiswa komgudu ngenxa yengozi okanye ukuwa kwezinto ezinzima ngasemva.
3. Nzakala. Ubunzulu babo bukho kwiindawo ezijikelezayo zomgudu ojikeleze i-longitudinal axis. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokubetha ngqo.

Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqa, kwahlula, kwahlula ngamadididi amaninzi:

• Idireji ye-1 ihluke ngokunyuka kwiphezulu le-vertebrae ngaphantsi kwama-50%.
• Umgangatho we-2 - ukuphakama kuncitshiswe ngesiqingatha.
• Ku-3 degrees ukuphakama kwe-vertebrae kuncitshiswe ngama-50%.

Ukuba kuthe kwaphulwa umgudu omnye we-vertebra enye yonakaliswe, ke loo ngxaki ibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi enye. Ngenxa yezilonda ezininzi, ukunyaniseka kweentlobo ezininzi zithinteka.

Xa sicinga ngokuhlaselwa kwintlungu, sinokuhlukanisa ezi ntlobo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuqhekeka kwesebe lomlomo wesibeleko.
2. Ukuqhekeka kwe-thoracic umgudu.
3. Ukulimala kwi-vertebrae.

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo, usenokukhetha amanani amaninzi:

• Ukuchithwa okuzinzileyo. Ngomonakalo onjalo, i-vertebrae ayihambeli, izicubu ezinxulumene nazo aziyonakaliswa.
• Umonakalo ongaqinisekanga. Kule meko, i-vertebrae ichithekile, ingahlulwa.

Ukuba sicinga ukuhlengahlengiswa kwe-vertebrae, i-fracture ingahlulwa njengolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukuphulwa kweCuneiform. I-Trauma inehlobo lomgca ojongene nephambili, kunye nesiseko kwisondlo somgudu.
• INgqungquthela. Umonakalo onjalo unokutshabalalisa xa iziqhezu zomzimba we-vertebral zifuduswa kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo, kwaye zikwaba zikho uhlobo lokuwa kwehla. Iintlobo ezinjalo zizinzileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka usebenzise ukuhlinzwa.

Isibonakaliso sokutshatyalaliswa kwe-vertebral

Ukuze imiphumo yokuphuka ibe yinto enzulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kufuneka ihlolwe ngethuba, linikezelwe ngoncedo olufanelekileyo lokuqala kwaye luthunyelwe esibhedlele. Iimpawu zokuphuka zingabaninzi, kodwa eziphambili kunye ezicacileyo zilandelayo:

1. Intlungu ebuhlungu kwindawo yokulimala. Iintlungu zihlala ziqina xa uzama ukutshintsha isikhundla somzimba okanye wenze ukuhamba ngesandla sakho okanye unyawo.
2. Ukuthintela ukuhamba. Ekubeni i-fracture yomgudu iphula ukuthembeka kwe-anatomical, ke zonke iinzame zokugqiba intshukumo kubangela intlungu.
3. Ngenqabileyo eqinekileyo, umntu unokugcina ukukhutshwa kwelo sebe, elonakalisiweyo.

Musa ukususa ixhoba ukuba kukho isikrokreko sokuphuka komgudu. Ukunyangwa kwe-vertebral fracture kunye nempumelelo yayo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kuncedo lokuqala olunikeziwe kunye nobunzima bexinzelelo.

Iimbangela zeentsimbi

Naliphi na i-fracture eyenzekayo ngenxa yokugqithisa amandla empembelelo phezu kwamandla okwenza amathambo. Ukuze ikholomu ye-vertebral iphule, le miqathango iya kudibana:

• Amandla amakhulu.
• Isistim sezintlu esinamandla.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqhekeka komgudu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuwa kwephakamileyo, ngenxa yokuzivocavoca kwandisa okanye imisebenzi yezobugcisa. Kukho umgangatho ophezulu wokufumana ukuphuka okunjalo ngenxa yengozi yendlela.

Kukho imeko xa izicubu zethambo zibuthakathaka ngenxa yeenkqubo zentsholongwane emzimbeni. Kule meko, nokuba neempembelelo ezincinci zingakhokelela kuloo ngxaki. Oku kuya kwenzeka ukuba kukho izifo ezilandelayo:

• Osteoporosis.
• Ubukho beentlungu.
• Isifo sofuba.
• Iintlupheko kwinkqubo ye-endocrine.

Kungakhathaliseki isizathu, uncedo lokuqala lwe-fracture of the spine kufuneka lunikezelwe ngokufanelekileyo, ukuze kungabikho kwimiphumo embi kakhulu.

Ukuxilongwa kwephuka

Intlungu eyenzeka ngexesha lokuphuka akuyena uphawu oluthile lwaloo ngozi, ngoko ke, ukwenzela ukuba wenze uvavanyo oluchanekileyo, uvavanyo olulandelayo luyimfuneko:

1. Yenza i-radiographic of the spine. Oku kuya kufuna ukuba kulandelelaniswe ngqo kunye nokwasemgangathweni ukufumanisa indawo ekhoyo yesilonda kunye nokucacisa ubunzima bokulimala.
2. I-tomography yekhompyutha idla ngokumiselwa emva kwe-radiography ukwenzela ukujonga indawo yomonakalo ngokukhawuleza.
3. I-Myelography iya kubonisa umgangatho wentambo yomthambo emva kokuphuka.
4. Kufuneka ukuba kuhlolwe uvavanyo lwe-neurologist ukujonga ubuchule kunye nokusebenza kweziphetho zesigulane kunye nomgca womgca.
5. Udokotela we-MRI unokumisela ukuba kukho ukukrokra komonakalo kwizakhiwo zomgudu.
6. I-densitometry yenziwa kwiimeko ezinqabileyo ukukhuphela i-osteoporosis.

Emva kophando lonke, ugqirha uya kuba nako ukuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo, ukuqikelela ubunzima beqhekeza, ukuvavanya ingozi yayo kwaye ukhethe iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokunyango.

Ukuqhekeka komlenze wesibeleko

Ummandla wesibeleko ngowesiqhagamshelo sokuqala kumqolo womgcini. Iqulethe i-vertebrae. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngenxa yokuwa entloko, kukho ukuphuka kwe-vertebra yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuba yi-inlantant.

Ingozi yolu qhekeza kukuba ingonakalisi nje kuphela intambo yomgogodla, kodwa nakwezinye iinxalenye zobuchopho. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-medulla oblongata yonakaliswe, iqulethe ukuphulwa kokuphefumula kunye ne-palpitation.

Kunzima ukufumanisa ukuphuka kwesibini se- vertebra yomlomo wesibeleko , isiguli sisoloko sikhalaza ngentlungu xa ijikeleza intloko. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisilinganiselo sokuphuka, olo xinzelelo lunokubangela iingxaki ze-neurological okanye umonakalo omkhulu kumgca womgudu, ongahambelani nobomi.

Ukulimala kwi-vertebrae ye-colervical, njengomthetho, kwenzeka ngenxa yokuguqa entanyeni yentamo. Ukuba ukulimala kukuchaphazela iigaments, kukho umngcipheko kumonakalo womgca.

Ukuqhekeka kwe-lumbar spine

Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zomonakalo wekholomu ye-vertebral ziqhekeza iifractures ze- thoracic kunye ne- vertebrae ye-lumbar. Oku kudla ngokubakho ngenxa yokuwa emacaleni okanye ukuxhuma ukusuka phezulu.

Ukuba kukho isifo se-osteoporosis, i-lumbar fracture yomgudu ingenzeka kwaye ngenxa yokuwa okuncane. Ingozi kukuba ngexesha elifanayo akusiwo wonke umntu ophendukela kugqirha, ukubuyisela intlungu kwiimpawu zenguqu ezinxulumene neminyaka.

Uncedo olukhawulezileyo

Ukuba uyakrokraza ukuphulwa komgudu, kufuneka uncede ngokufanelekileyo uxhoba. Ngaphandle kokutyelela esibhedlele kule ngxaki akunako ukwenza, ngoko kufuneka uhambise ngokuchanekileyo.

Uncedo lokuqala luya kuba lulandelayo:

1. Beka ngokukhawuleza kwalimala ngasemva kunoma yimuphi umgangatho onzima: ingaba ngumnyango, ukhuseleko, ipllywood okanye nayiphi na into ephuculweyo.
2. Vala imilenze yakho kunye ne-torso.
3. Ukuba intlungu engummandla wesibeleko, ngoko kufuneka ikhutshwe.
4. Ukuba i-vertebrae ephuka kwindawo yesifo se-thoracic okanye i-lumbar, yenze umkhombe othoba phantsi kwendawo yokulimala.
5. Emva kokunika isigulane isimo esingenakuphikisana, unokunika isalathisi ukuze unciphise intlungu.
6. Awukwazi ukuthutha isigulane kwindawo yokuhlala.

Ukunceda ngoncedo lokuqala lokuqala kunokusindisa ubomi bexhoba.

Akunqunywanga ukuba ulwaphulo olunqabileyo lomkhuhlane

Olu hlobo lusizi lunzima kakhulu, ngoko ke kukho ezinye izenzo ezichasene ngokucacileyo:

• Awukwazi ukunyanzelisa ixhoba ukuba lihlale okanye limi ezinyaweni zakhe.
• Akuvumelekile ukuba uzame ukuzimela ngokuzimeleyo indawo ye-vertebrae endaweni.
• Akukhuthazwa ukunika iziyobisi xa ixhoba elahlekelwa yinkxalabo okanye umsebenzi wokugwinya ungaphumeleli.
• Musa ukukrazula izandla okanye iinyawo okanye uzame ukudlulisela ixhoba kuwe.

Naliphi na le nyathelo lingakhokelela kwiinkathazo ezinzulu, ngoko ungalimazi impilo yakho ukuba kukho ukuphulwa komgudu.

Utyando lwe-vertebral fracture

Ngaphandle kwonyango kwiziko lezonyango, phambi kobubi kangaka kubalulekile. Ingcali kuphela enekhono liyakwazi ukunika unyango olwaneleyo oluya kuphepha zonke iingxaki.

Unyango lunokuqhutywa ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. I-Conservative.
2. Ukuphanda.

Liliphi iqela elimele lisetyenziswe ukujongana nokuphuka ngokufanelekileyo ngangoko kunokwenzeka kuxhomekeke kubunzima be-trauma kunye noluntu lwayo.

Unyango olusisigxina

Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhosi epheleleyo yokuphulwa kweyeza ithatha malunga neenyanga ezi-3, iphantsi kweliso rhoqo ngugqirha kunye noviwo oluqhelekileyo ukuchonga inkqubo yokuchasa i-vertebrae eyonakalisiweyo.

Ulwaphulo oluqhekekileyo lubandakanya amanyathelo alandelayo:

1. Ukulahla intlungu. Ukukhathazeka okunjalo kubangele ubuhlungu obukhulu, ngoko isigulane kufuneka sinike i-painkillers, abayi kuchaphazela isantya sokubuyiswa, kwaye imeko iya kuphucula.
2. Ukuthintela umsebenzi. Ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokufumba kwe-vertebral, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ngokubanzi kunokwenzeka nayiphi na ukuhamba. Awukwazi ukwenza izenzo ezandisa umthwalo emgodini, ngaphantsi kwaye ume. Ngaphandle kwalo mgaqo, isantya sokubambelela siya kuncipha.
3. Ukulungiswa. Emva kokuphuka komgudu, ubuninzi beengxaki ze-neurological nature zingenzeka. Ukuze uziphephe, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa ikholomu yomgcini endaweni eyodwa. Kule njongo, ungasebenzisa i-corset ngokuphuka komgudu. I-verteblobism yinkqubo onokuyibuyisela kuyo intsipho. Isetyenziswe kwimeko yokuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhelo kwiikliniki ezininzi. Inqobo yile ndlela ilandelayo: ukukhishwa kwesikhumba kunye nentonga yentsimbi kufakwe emzimbeni we-vertebra, apho umgca uzaliswe nesisombululo sokuqinisa isakhiwo se-vertebra. Le nkqubo yenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo.
4. I-Kyphoplasty isetyenziselwa ukubuyisela ukuphakama kwe-vertebra. Ugqirha wenza izinto ezibonakalayo kwesikhumba aze afake ibhaluni emzimbeni we-vertebra, ehambelana nobude obufunayo ukubuyisela ubukhulu be-vertebra. Emva koko i-samente iyamiswa, icwangcise ngokuqinisekileyo isikhundla.

Unyango oluphandwayo

Ngelishwa, akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukujamelana neengxaki ezinjalo ngeendlela ezilondolozayo. Ukuba ukufunyanwa kwe-vertebral kungafunyanwa, utyando lungafuneka ukuba kukho umngcipheko weengxaki ze-neurological.

Ngethuba lokungenelela ngonyango, ugqirha wezobugqirha bezo ndawo ze-vertebra, eziphazamisa iingcambu zentliziyo kunye nomthambo womgudu, kwaye endaweni yazo zifakelwa izixhobo zetsimbi.

Iingxaki zokusebenza

Ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukuba izixhobo zanamhlanje zinamandla amakhulu, kwaye oogqirha-amava okusebenza okunjalo, ukungenelela okunokwenzeka kunobungozi, njengoko kufutshane nentambo yomgudu kunye nokuphela kwezibilini.

Ngenxa yonyango lokuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqho, ezi zilandelayo zinokuthi:

1. I-Kyphotic deformation. Oku kubonakala kwintlambo kwingingqi ye-thoracic yomgudu. Le nkxalabo iyaqhelekileyo kwizigulane ezigugile. Isigulane sisoloko sihlanjululwa yintlungu, kunokubakho iingxaki emsebenzini we-cardiovascular system, i-tract stinalest tract, okanye imiphunga. Ukukhathala kuza ngokukhawuleza, i-dyspnea ivela.
2. Ukungazinzeki kwinqanaba lenzeke ngokuqhelekileyo kwisiganeko sokuba ngenxa yokuphuka, ukuphakama kwe-vertebra kwehle ngo-30%. Ngenkxwaleko enjalo, intlungu ayibonakali kuphela ekuphumleni nasekuhambeni kwentshukumo, kodwa iinkqubo ezonakalisa ukuguqulwa-i-dystrophic in the spine.
3. Iziqhekeza ze-Bone, ezenziwe ngexesha lokuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqha, zingakhokelela kwiimeko ezinengqondo. Bangabonakala ngokukhawuleza okanye emva kwexesha. Iimpawu zeengxaki ezinjalo zintlungu ngexesha lokuhamba kunye nokuphumla, kunye nokunciphisa okanye ukulahleka ngokupheleleyo kobuthathaka kunye nobunzima bemilenze.

Ixesha elidlulileyo lisuka kumzuzwana wokuphuka ekuqaleni kwonyango, umngcipheko weengxaki ezahlukeneyo.

I ziphumo ze fractures

Ukucacisa okucacileyo kunzima ukunikela ukuba kukho ukuphulwa komgudu. Imiphumo ingaba buhlungu kakhulu. Amanye amaxhoba awafikeli esibhedlele aze afe ngenxa yokumangalisa umthunzi, oku kwenzeka ngenxa yomonakalo okanye ukuphuka kwentambo yomgogodla.

Ukuba intlungu yomgudu uyalimala, kukho umngcipheko wokukhubazeka. Izigulane zingalahlekelwa zikwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimeleyo ixesha elide okanye bonke ubomi babo.

Ukuba i-fracture elula yomgudu, imiphumo ingaba ngohlobo lwe-osteochondrosis okanye i-hernia intervertebral. Ukukhusela iziphumo ezinjalo okanye ukunciphisa, kuyimfuneko ukulawula unyango lwabo, ukuthobela zonke iziphakamiso zoogqirha, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuvuselela.

Ukubuyiselwa emva kokuphuka komgudu

Akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukuphepha ukulimala: ingozi, ingozi - kwaye nantsi i-fracture yomgudu. Ukunyangwa kwephulo lokutshatyalaliswa kwe-vertebral kufuneka kupheliswe ngexesha lokuvuselela. Injongo yale nqanaba ebalulekileyo kukubuyiselwa kwe-vertebrae elimele kunye nokubuyela kwindlela yokuphila yangaphambili.

Kule njongo, oogqirha bajonga ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Physiotherapy.
• I-Electrostimulation.
• Ukuhlawula.
• Utywala olushushu.
• Ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba.

Kuphela indlela edibeneyo inokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ukuphulwa komgudu, ukulungiswa komzimba kuya kukhawuleza inkqubo yokubuyisela, ukukhusela ingxaki kunye nokubuyela.