Isizukulwana sokuqala lweekhompyutha: kwindawo yokuqala

Ulwimi IsiNgesi, igama elithi "ikhompyutha" lithetha "ikhompyutha". Oku ngenjongo ekwenzeni izibalo ezintsonkothileyo, iikhompyutha yokuqala zadalwa.

Imbali ye computer, oko kunokubonakala kunzima, enemvelaphi yayo ngamakhoboka. Kakade ke, izixhobo yokuqala azo musa ukuya nayiphi zithelekiswa mihla, kodwa ukunye nabo, waza waqalisa nokudalwa ubuchwepheshe computer. Isixhobo yokuqala enceda abantu ukuba Ucinga kakuhle kwaziwa zonke ii-akhawunti.

abacus wamandulo ipleyiti ngomthi, isanti walitshiza. ERashiya, njengoko sisixhobo esiphambili izibalo ezilula kunye zibalo kusetyenziswa ithambo abole abe ziimfumba. Noko ke, ekubeni ubukho Russia uyothatha iinkulungwane ezininzi ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba ukusondela kwendalo computer.

Isizukulwana lokuqala iikhompyutha ezinxulumene amagama kaYohane von kunikezelo, uClaude Shannon kunye Alan Turing - imfundiso ukufaneleka ngqo kuphuhliso lobugcisa computer. Uninzi zokuqala iikhompyutha badalwa kwisithuba ukususela 1945 ukuya 1954 njengoko umfuniselo ukuvavanya ezinye izithuba theoretical component. Ngelo xesha nye ufumana uphuhliso olutsha, ezinxulumene ngqo nobuchwepheshe ngolwazi, inzululwazi - cybernetics. Kude kube 60s zenkulungwane yama-20 phantsi cybernetics wathi, inzululwazi enxulumene nophuhliso zobugcisa computer, kuquka lwayo ethembisayo - weerobhoti kunye nobukrelekrele fyabo ngumntu. Isizukulwana lokuqala iikhompyutha wadalwa ngokusekelwe umsebenzi ngemibhobho cleaner (ezifanayo nezo zisetyenziswa shini abadala), iikhompyutha, kwinkulungwane ye-20, wafika etyhutyha emikhulu, kwigumbi elahlukileyo ukuze kungeniswe kuzo.

Le Ukudaleka ikhompyutha luquka amanyathelo ezintlanu ezisisiseko. Kutheni kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayikhumbule ixesha isizukulwana lokuqala iikhompyutha? Asazi ithathele ingqalelo wayila azo koobawo bamandulo, njengoko zinjalo, enyanisweni, akukho ngokunxulumene ukuvela kobuchwepheshe computer. Ukudalwa iikhompyutha zokuqala, nto leyo kwase ye computer mihla, kubalulekile ukuba lesayensi, njengokuba inzululwazi, xa iyonke.

Amanqanaba yophuhliso computer:

• 1945-1954, umzi - nokudalwa computer lokuqala esekelwe kuphuhliso izakhiwo zobugcisa computer ngu John von kunikezelo - isizukulwane sokuqala iikhompyutha;
• 1955-1964, umzi - indalo isizukulwana yesibini iikhompyutha ezisekelwe transistors, ukuphumeza kuzo kwinkqubo yokuqala yokusebenza, uphuhliso lweelwimi lwenkqubo: Cobol, Algol, Fortran, ukuvela kweekhompyutha ezithengiswayo;
• 1965-1974, umzi - kusungulwa IMicrochips, ekuqalekeni ukusetyenziswa memory semiconductor (RAM) kwi-computer, ekuqaleni yemveliso omkhulu kweekhompyutha.

Nangona ukususela 1975 ukuya 1985 ixesha ezizolileyo kuphuhliso electro-computers.

Ukususela ngo-1985 yaqala ixesha besizukulwana sesine iikhompyutha, ukuphuculwa ubuchwepheshe bee-computer ngokwandisa amandla ayo nokunciphisa ubungakanani, ukufikelela kunye ngobuninzi iikhompyutha.

Isizukulwana wesihlanu iikhompyutha ngokwemigaqo izazinzulu Japanese lubonisa ukuphuculwa iimodeli ekhoyo iikhompyutha kunye nokudalwa ubuchwepheshe be-computer, ukukwazi ukuqonda imiyalelo lomsebenzisi ngokomgangatho wakhe acinga ngayo. Kungakhathaliseki owenza izicwangciso amakhulu of abayili amazwe okanye hayi, isizukulwana lokuqala iikhompyutha idlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lobugcisa ulwazi elizayo. Iikhompyutha yokuqala, abahlala imihlaba emikhulu kwaye kufuneke senze ndiyingwenya na ngokwenene, kunjalo, yeyona kwase zonke PC yethu njengesiqhelo. Ngaphandle ubukho babo, wayila ka laptops, netbooks, amacwecwe, njl bekuya kuba nzima.