Umgaqo subsidiarity, ukubonakala kwayo uqobo

Complementarity Umgaqo postulate methodological ukuba ekuqaleni aliqulunqileyo yamachiza Danish ezinkulu sobulumko Niels Bohr ngokunxulumene entsimini ubucukubhede quantum. Complementarity Umgaqo Bohr, mhlawumbi kwafika ukukhanya kuphela ngenxa yokuba ngaphambili, yamachiza waseJamani Kurt Godel wanikela isiphelo bakhe isigama theorem odumileyo malunga neempawu iinkqubo kwalo, ebhekiselele entsimini ekuqiqeni esesikweni. Niels Bohr kwandiswa izigqibo ubhalo Gödel kwi kwindawo kwisifundo wokulungisa quantum yaye yaqulunqa umgaqo ngolu hlobo: ukuze kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukwazi isihloko sekuba, kufuneka kuviwa mitshini azikhethe ngokufanayo, oko kukuthi, kwezinye iindlela. Le nkcazelo, waza waba kumgaqo complementarity kwi ubucukubhede quantum.

Umzekelo izisombululo enjalo iingxaki sekuba, ukucinga ihlabathi kwimeko iingcamango ezimbini - wave kwaye kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho imisebenzi engaqhelekanga lwenzululwazi ibonisa ukuba umntu uhlobo ngokwasemzimbeni lokukhanya.

Niels Bohr ekuqondeni ngayo kwesi sigqibo baya phambili. Wenza ukuzama ukutolika umgaqo subsidiarity ekukhanyeni ulwazi bulumko, kwaye apha ukuba umgaqo wendawo uzuza ukubaluleka zenzululwazi. Ngoku, amagama-siseko kuvakala: ukuba, ukuba nokuzala senzeko ngenjongo ulwazi lwakhe kwenkqubo uphawu (yokomfuziselo), kuyimfuneko ukuba babhenele concepts ezongezelelweyo kunye neendidi. Ngokomthetho okulula, umgaqo complementarity kufuna ulwazi nje kuphela, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kuyimfuneko, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezininzi methodological ezikuvumela ukufumana idata njongo ngalo mbandela. Umgaqo subsidiarity kule ngqiqo, uye wazibonakalisa luyinto enokwenzeka yesivumelwano kunye izafobe yendlela iinkqubo ubhalo - bayakwazi azibonakalisa, yaye ngoko, ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, nokufika kunye ukuqonda kwalo mgaqo, enyanisweni, kuba waqonda ukuba logic ulwazi akwanelanga, ngoko ke zibonakaliswa ihambo amanqe esemthethweni kwinkqubo yophando. Ekugqibeleni, isicelo umgaqo ka Bohr negalelo inguqu ebonakalayo lesayensi.

Kamva Yu. M. Lotman yandisa ukubaluleka methodological umgaqo ka Bohr bazizisa imithetho yayo kwindawo kwenkcubeko, xa efaka ingakumbi nenkcazelo semiotics inkcubeko. Lotman yaqulunqa babizwa ngokuba "ubungakanani indida ulwazi", eli edulusele kwinto yokuba wobukho bomntu ikakhulu eyenzeka kwiimeko ulwazi intswelo. Kwaye kunye nophuhliso kule ukusilela uya kusoloko kwandisa. Ukusebenzisa umgaqo complementarity, kunokwenzeka ukuba abuyekeze yokungabikho kwengcaciso wokuguqulela ube inkqubo eyahlukileyo semiotic (lokomfuziselo). Le ndlela iye yakhokelela, enyanisweni, ukuba ukuvela wenzululwazi computer kunye cybernetics, kwaye ke Internet. Kamva umgaqo nokusebenza iye yaqinisekiswa kulwamkelo komzimba lobuchopho bomntu kule ndlela yokucinga, oko kungenxa asymmetry yemisebenzi zifaka yayo.

Enye lungiselelo, nto leyo yomnqophiso yintshukumo umgaqo Bohr, kukuba ukuvulwa yamachiza German kaWerner Heisenberg, umthetho ulwalamano yokungaqiniseki. isenzo yayo inokuchazwa nesokuvuma nakwenzeka inkcazelo efanayo izinto ezimbini kunye nokuchaneka efanayo, ukuba ezi zinto bangamalungu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo. umfanekiso yentanda eso sigqibo iye yakhokelela Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn, ngubani emsebenzini wakhe "On Ingqiniseko" watsho ukuba imvume ngengqiniseko nantoni na, oko kuyimfuneko kwezinye kwamathandabuzo.

Ngoko ke, umgaqo Bohr kaThixo, iye yazuza kubaluleke kakhulu methodological kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ulwazi lwenzululwazi.