Ukukhanya eliphantsi: ukuchonga iimpawu kunye namanqanaba

Igama elithi "Ukukhanya ubushushu" senzelwa, Kakade ke, hayi lobushushu lokwenene umbala yokukhanya, okanye ngenye indlela - scheme umbala kwayo ukukhanya spectra ebomvu okanye oluhlaza.

Kungani ukwazi

Kubalulekile ukwazi ubushushu umbala abo basebenza ngqo kunye nokukhanya, umzekelo, abayili, kunye nabo bathabatha imifanekiso. Njengoko kungekho namnye umntu ukuba nako ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlobo ilungelo imibala njengokukhanya elinokumtshintsha ngokupheleleyo konke (kuba ukuba umntu isakhelo okanye zangaphakathi) kwaye ukuze ayiphange.

umzimba Ideal abamnyama

umthombo ubushushu Ukukhanya ilinganiswa ngokwamazinga Kelvin. Oku ibalwa ifomula Planck esithi: iqondo lobushushu apho umzimba omnyama babeza kukhupha Ukukhanya ithowuni umbala omnye, yaye oko kuya kuba ixabiso olifunayo.

Ngenxa yoko, inkcazelo lobushushu umbala lwenzeka ngokuthelekisa umthombo ukukhanya ezinqwenelekayo kunye nomzimba omnyama. Interesting ipatheni: eliphezulu lobushushu yokugqibela, lo nakolu ngakumbi ekukhanyeni spectrum oluhlaza.

Treyisa lula practice: umbala iqondo lobushushu of an isibane yale igqengezelayo Ngokukhanya efudumeleyo emhlophe - 2700 K, yaye isibane ezibengezelayo emini - 6000 K.
Kutheni kunjalo? Umzimba omnyama onokuthelekiswa yesinyithi, itshiswe obujoliswe. Sonke khumbula ukuba metal ebomvu eshushu, kodwa lobushushu kodwa kunokuba ephantsi, ukukhanya elibomvu, kwaye isoloko ifumaneka kwi ncwadi, ibinzana elithi "white-hot" - oko kukuthi, ukuya kwiqondo eliphezulu kakhulu. Ke umzimba abamnyama nekhupha ukukhanya ngokomyalelo imibala ukusuka obomvu, o-orenji namhlophe, luze luphele njenge omhlophe noluhlaza. Oko kukuthi, i-esezantsi ubushushu wokukhanya, ngoko ufudumele.

amaxabiso athile

Spectrum ebonakalayo umzimba eshushu, enye metal "red-etshisayo" iqala kwi-800 degrees Kelvin. Yinto enorhatyazo ukuba angaboni, ukukhanya ebumnyameni ebomvu. ukukhanya Yellow nokulenya babe lobushushu kabini, ukususela 1500 ukuya 2000 K. The izibane izinto ezisetyenziswa lomsebenzi, nika indices ngeedegree malunga 3250. Ilanga enakekela kunina, kundibanekela kunye lobushushu ka 3400 K, yaye iqondo lobushushu ukukhanya kwelanga - phantse 5000 K. Umbala lobushushu le flash ukukhanya - 5500-5600 degrees. Izibane phosphor multi-sixhobo sekhombuya, ngokuxhomekeke ukukhanya bean, kubekho iingxelo ukususela 2700 ukuya 7700 K.

indida umdla

Ngoko, igama elithi "ubushushu" apha ukhonza onefuthe umbala. Ekuqaleni kuya kuba nzima ukuba kusetyenziswa yokuba iqondo lobushushu kwesibhakabhaka ecocekileyo blue (12 000 K) izihlandlo ezilishumi (!) Kudlulwe iqondo lobushushu amadangatye umlilo (1200 K). Kunye nakummandla pole zezulu nokuba "ezifudumeleyo" - malunga nama-20 000 K! lobushushu yelanga ngonyaka emini ukususela 3000 ukuya 7000 K.

Uzoba ingqalelo into yokuba imibala eyahlukileyo abe ukukhanya ezahlukeneyo, ezithi zikhutshwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ill-uza kunika nelangatye umzekelo ikhandlela ngeenxa ngokwayo ekhulisa kuphela iqhezu isithuba, kwaye LED emhlophe, ukukhanya kakhulu, kodwa Bangathelekisa LED imibala ezimbini twatse emthubi namhlophe. Nangona ungubani ubungakanani kunye namandla, o-mthubi LED nokuvula umbane eziluzizi kwaye nangakumbi izibane ezibomvu.

kwezidalwa

Ngokufuthi sidibana kunye izithunzi umbala omnye. Ithekhnoloji ukukhanyisa nabaphumelele kakhulu white ngokuqhelekileyo: opholileyo, cala kwaye kufudumele. Enyanisweni, nkqu iinguqu ezingephi olunjalo kuhlobo yesixhobo gamma impembelelo yokuxhamla ubuncwane, nangenxa ngqo ezifana neso yabantu. Ezi shades abamhlophe nje kuphela umbala esikhanyayo izinto ayidlulisele ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kwakhona ngendlela eyahlukileyo iimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo ezininzi ezohlukeneyo umgama umqadi ukukhanya.

Zonke iimpawu zingentla kungathathelwa ingqalelo xa ekudaleni umenzi yanamhlanje izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ngokukhanyisa, kodwa ukuqonda umahluko kunye imibala, kuyimfuneko ukwazisa omnye parameter ebalulekileyo.

umbala buphindwe

lobushushu sezibane - asiyonto inye kuphela into ekumele uyazi. Enye amagama angundoqo e-technology ukukhanyisa - umbala acula ngayo. Ngokuqinisekileyo wonke nje ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngokuxhomekeke ukukhanya sikwazi ukubona eyahlukileyo umbala omnye. Ewe, amagama imibala - nje isivumelwano phakathi kwabantu atyumbe igama ethile okanye ukuba siqonde kwamaza. Eneneni, iliso lethu iyayahlula shades ezahlukeneyo malunga nezigidi ezilishumi, kodwa ke inkoliso yabo sibona ngexesha lasemini, kwelanga. Lowo wamkela njengoko umgangatho.

Ngenxa yoko, umbala inguqulelo, okanye iqondo inani iyonke umbala, - umgca umthombo wokukhanya okanye ukukwazi Kwathi umbala umgangatho yenjongosenzi ezikhanyisayo ngokunjalo kwi kwelanga. Kulinganiswa e Ra, naye wasebenzisa igama elithi index umbala lomsebenzi weklayenti - liqu, liqu.

Umgangatho unalo ixabiso 100 Ra (okanye liqu), kwaye uphantsi inani isibane okanye isibane, lo uphantsi ukukhanya nobushushu bendalo edlulisela nombala into.

Nokukhethwa kuko

Ubushushu, ukukhanya, ukufuma - amanani ibalulekileyo zava naliphi na igumbi, ngoko kubalulekile ukukhetha umthunzi ekunene ukukhanyisa. izibane lobushushu kunye nezibane LED yingqele kolebretsya ukukhanya emhlophe ukususela 5000 ukuya 7000 K Cool emhlophe, ngathi kuthiwa abenzi ukumakisha, uye kunokuba phantsi isalathisi umbala weklayenti, malunga kuphela 60-65, oko kukuthi, kule kukhanya, iliso yabantu uyasibona umbala ngokwahlukileyo : mhlawumbi wonke phawula indlela izinto betshintsha "ezingaphiliyo 'ukukhanya baluthuthu oluhlaza. Noko ke, kuzo zonke abangasekhoyo kuye umahluko ratio liphezulu, yaye ngoko, buyafuneka xa ufuna izinto zokukhanyisa ukuba mnyama ngebala (umzekelo, asphalt imanzi, umhlaba). Enye inkalo - ukusebenza kude kude, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo umthunzi "cool white" lisetyenziswa isibane, i ixesha elide (uluhlu umlambo - malunga 200 m).

I-LED cala emhlophe - cala emhlophe - kukho ubushushu kuluhlu ka 3700 ukuya 5000 K liqu yayo ngama-75, yaye ngenxa yoko, xa kuthelekiswa ne-imbotyi umbala abandayo le nkqubo ilapha ngasentla. Nangona kunjalo, uluhlu umqadi ukukhanya ngezantsi, wezibane oko ukukhanya emhlophe cala ube umgama elifutshane kakhulu, kodwa ukhululeke ngakumbi emehlweni.

Iqondo lobushushu begcakamele (white efudumeleyo) - of ukususela 2500 ukuya 3700 K. Isalathisi se Umbala esiphezulu, 80, kodwa ke uluhlu isekhona ngaphantsi emgqomeni cala. nobomvu kunjalo nemfudumalo cala babe kuyigqitha komntu omhlophe abandayo, ukuba kuyimfuneko phantsi umsi eliphezulu izibane, ukufuma (imvula, inkungu), naphantsi kwamanzi, xa iqulathe ukunqunyanyiswa (umz, emachibini). Kwiimeko ezinjalo, cool izibane ezimhlophe ngaphezulu akunguye na into ngokwawo, kunye isithuba phambi kwakhe, ukwakha ukukhanya tube.

ukuba ama

Ukuba yale igqengezelayo okanye ezijiko kunokwenzeka ukuba ayeke kuphela kwixabiso lobushushu lombala zeNkcazo LED kuphela akwanelanga, ngoko kukho ekuthiwa-hlula emigqomeni. Le ama may kwayo eliluhlaza (green) okanye ezikhanyayo ezipinki, ngoko ukuba ufuna imithombo ukukhanya ngakumbi, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iimpawu ezifanayo. iimbotyi division kwahlukile kwabanye abalimi, kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa, umzekelo, kwi-ofisi, kufuneka utshintshe isibane.

i iphepha

Ngokuqhelekileyo, imibala efudumeleyo lokukhanya ezilungileyo lokwenza ukuba nobubele, umoya ofudumeleyo. Lusetyenziswa ukukhanyisa zokudla, cafes, boutiques, xa esakhiweni ehotele, ngokunjalo kwiindawo zokuhlala.

ukukhanya ezimhlophe eqhelekileyo ngakumbi iliso, kufanelekile ukuba ufuna ukwenza i ngobubele, uqobo, kodwa msebenzi umoya owenza. Kule kukhanya, ukufunda elungileyo, ngoko ezi izibane zifakelwe kwithala leencwadi, kwakunye ezivenkileni kunye nezakhiwo ofisi.

amhlophe cala unika isiphumo lula, ekhuselekileyo kunye friendly emoyeni. Ukongezelela isithuba ofisi lisetyenziswa kwi kwiiholo mboniso kwiivenkile ezithengisa iincwadi.

ukukhanya Cold umisela imeko ecacileyo, ecocekileyo kunye nemveliso. Nantso icebiso lakhe okufundela, iivenkile, izibhedlele, indawo ofisi.

zokukhanyisa ezibengezelayo nge lobushushu 5000 K ukubalaselisa umbala izinto, le umoya kule ukukhanya kuvela kukhanya ephazamisayo kancinane. Ukuhlanganisa Oku bekuya kuba efanelekileyo kwigumbi loviwo esibhedlele, igalari, imyuziyam kunye nevenkile nezacholo, kubaluleke kakhulu kwezi ndawo ukuba iliso womntu ukuqonda izinto ukukhanya kwabo zendalo.

Photo nevidiyo

Ingakumbi kubalulekile ukwazi iqondo lobushushu sokukhanya abafoti kunye cameramen, ngokunjalo abantu zanimayuschihya ulungiso iifoto neevidiyo. Ekubeni lekhamera abandayo uthatha yonke ekukhanyeni nemvelo, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe le nkqubo ukuyisa phambili.

Maxa wambi kwakuba nzima ukuze ithathe ngakumbi. ezahlukeneyo ezimbi isilayidi zaveliswa ngenxa kuphela sokudubula emini (malunga 5700 K) okanye efudumeleyo ukukhanya esimthubi (2500-2700 K, ebizwa njalo-vechernayaya film). Kuphela ngale ndlela kube yinto enokwenzeka ukufumana i ukumelwa elaneleyo imibala ngaphandle kokusebenzisa yokubetha ezongezelelweyo okanye amacebo.

Zigqunyiweyo films umbala negative sele ekhutshwe phantsi kobushushu ka 4500 K.

Kule yobudala digital

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu umboniso phantse kungabikho bani off. cameras digital mini kwiimeko ulungiso lombala, kunokuba zombini imo esizenzekelayo manual. Lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuba "imali eseleyo emhlophe." Kungcono ukwenza ulungiso ngoko nangoko xa endizixunayo. Wena na onokolula kwaye kwifayile yokugqibela, kodwa oku kukhokelela kwilahleko umgangatho, ukubonisa ezingachanekanga imibala, kwaye maxa wambi ingxolo kuvela kulo mfanekiso. Hlela imibala ngaphandle ilahleko umgangatho kunokwenzeka kuphela xa lwefayile irekhodwa kwi fomathi RAW digital (iikhamera Nikon - NEF).