Umlawuli Aztec Moctezuma II. umbuso Aztec

Ngowe-1168 umlawuli Aztec Kulohambisa abantu bakhe kwisiqithi Aztlán zikhangela a ezweni entsha. Ngokutsho legend, amaNdiya wandwendwela kwiminyaka emalunga nama-200, yaye akazange ukukhetha indawo apho ukuba sizakhele. Sekunjalo, babethe qwelele kwiziqithi ezimbini ezincinane e Lake yaseTexcoco. Apha evuselela zolondolozo amandla waza ke waya kumazwe ochumileyo entilini Mexico.

Kusekwe ikhaya yesibini,-Aztec baqalisa ibali yabo entsha. Baye achumayo abanam kuphuhliswa rhoqo kwaye ngokucwangcisiweyo. Kodwa isiphelo imbali kufikile ngokukhawuleza kungalindelekanga.

Imvelaphi Historical nawoPolitiko

I-Aztec uBukhosi de 1440 phantse akukho kuphuhliswa. Yena ngokoqobo yezabelo kusiliwa kunye amadabi kunye nezizwe zasekuhlaleni. Kodwa 1440th weza amandla Montezuma I, nto leyo yenza ukuba inani iinguqu, zombini ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho. Ngayo, ubukhosi kwazeka kuyo i Valley of Mexico. Amandla umkhosi yalo kuyothusa ngokwenene. Kangangokuba ezinye izizwe ziza kuba yinxalenye ye-Aztec ukuba anikezele ngaphandle kokulwa.

Urhulumente lwaba, wongezelela umhlaba omtsha. Ngeli xesha, umlawuli we-Aztec uyakuqonda ngokucacileyo into efunekayo ukwenza inani iinguqu zolawulo kunye nezopolitiko. Ikhula Ubhala yemibingelelo. Kakade ke, ngeli thuba yeemfazwe igazi musa ukuyeka, kodwa bungxengwe ubudlelwano nayo. Ngokomzekelo, iinkokeli nabalawuli angabamelwane ukumenywa izimvo ezifakwe phakathi amadabi. badla baphela kokufa zombini, kodwa zeendondo ngokwenene eloyikekayo yaye inika umdla.

Montezuma Senior

umlawuli Aztec Montezuma seMatriki I wangumlawuli ngo-1440 Ulawulo lwakhe kucwangcisa elilkunyeelayo lokuba uphuhliso bukhosi. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa eziye ezinkulu ngexesha urhulumente wakhe.

Okokuqala, kuya kuba umbingelelo ethandwa kuphunyezwa ngohlobo yematshisi phakathi kuthinjwa. Le isifo yaphela emva kokufa omnye wabo, le yesibini embulele yenzelwe ngokukodwa le bantu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze Aztec, wathimba utshaba loyikekayo, izipho ezahlukeneyo.

Okwesibini, phantse yonke imibingelelo bafumane imeko yezopolitiko. bayamenywa iinkokeli ezikufutshane ukunandipha intlekisa wamagazi. Njengoko kwenziwa ukuze ukubethelela uloyiko ngayo abamelwane yayo.

Okwesithathu, ukuba ethandwayo ekubulaweni kwenqwaba. Kodwa ke, kunoko, nezoyikiso ngokwasengqondweni kubantu Aztec, abantu ukuze ubone, izohlwayo ziya elindele ukuba baya angenise entloko ukungamthobeli umbingeleli ephakamileyo okanye umlawuli (kamva isihloko uya ukuhlanganisa).

Montezuma Junior kunye neempawu zayo

Ngowe-1502, umlawuli Aztec Moctezuma II iba Junior. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, ungandikhumbuli imimandla wemvula ethile. mission ndlongondlongo, Kakade ke, kwenziwa, kodwa isiqhamo ke musa angayizisi. Phantse lonke ixesha wobukumkani bakhe Montezuma Junior kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukugcina ukuthembeka kumazwe ezikhoyo: ngeenyawo olo qhankqalazo, abavukeli esaba.

Kanye kuneyokuqala, le yinkokeli ayiphumelelanga ukoyisa i Tarascan kunye tlashkalantsev. Recent ngokupheleleyo kwingxowa phantsi uxanduva epheleleyo conquistadors iSpanish, ngokubanika yonke into abayifunayo. Kwaye oku kwenziwa kuphela ukulaya-Aztec ndamthiya.

Le memory of Montezuma II wahlala njengoko ngonozakuzaku mkhulu ngexesha lakhe. Inkqubo yezopolitiko bemisa emkhosini yaqhubeka, kodwa urhulumente kuthi poslablen. amasiko olunegazi neminikelo wazibeka phezu backburner, beza phambili ukuzama ukuzisa imeko yezoqoqosho imeko zonke izizwe bukhosi. Conquest wayengekho, kodwa angene ubuhlobo okusoloko kuyinzuzo.

Ngukumkani Montezuma II

Kwithuba wokulawula akhawunti Montezuma II ukuba iziganeko eziphawulekayo zembali. Ezi meko ke azibandakanyi nje kuphela iimfazwe igazi okwangoku yi ngumlawuli omtsha-Aztec, kodwa abanye zingakuchaphazeli kuloo ndawo edabini.

Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1509 isizwe wayebukele enomsila. Ibingumbono ndinolunya-Aztec kuba nako ukuchaza unobangela into oqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni. Ababingeleli ababa izakhi umyalezo, nangona zonke baqiniseka ukuba - amazwi woothixo.

Kweli xesha 1512-1514 gg. e Empire kukho ezinye iintlekele zemvelo, ukuqalela iinyikima linamandla yaye isiphelo imbalela jikelele. Abantu abaninzi bayafa nokuvuna, kuza ixesha yendlala. Lanqunyanyiswa iminyaka eliqela yemfazwe, njengoko kungekho amandla nomnqweno ukuqokelela amajoni ukuba amaphulo amatsha emkhosini.

Ngowe-1515 okokuqala urhulumente kwaqhenqetha esi sandi ukuba la madoda amhlophe elineentshebe kwi ukuhlasela. Ababingeleli ukutolika oku wabona abantu woothixo. Ngoko ke, Montezuma akanayo izicwangciso uvikele bahlaseli, wayeza kudibana nabo ngezandla ezishushu.

Ukufa Montezuma II

Xa AmaNdiya ukuva malunga kwizidalwa ezivela kwamanye amazwekazi, umlawuli Aztec wathuma abathunywa bakhe kubo. Ekubuyeni kwabo, kwafuneka ukuthetha malunga nenkcubeko yabantu abatsha, kwaye ndibonise kubo. Emva kokuhlolisisa yonke ingcaciso ayifumene, kwagqitywa ekubeni Hernan Cortez - uTshawe noThixo. Ngoko Montezuma Junior eyalela ukuba amaIndiya kubulisa baseSpeyin bamkele kwaye enobubele.

Iintsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu ezahlukeneyo igcinwe. Kodwa ke, njengoko kanti, uthumo Spanish akazange abe iinjongo ezicacileyo. AmaNdiya, baseYurophu kwabonakala bangangxameli ngegolide Bayiphanga yonke buncwane, amanqaku zegolide zathathwa, bawuphanga ooAshera kunye namangcwaba. nomonde Aztec yafikelela esiphelweni, bayitshintsha inceba kwabo umsindo.

Xa Moctezuma waya kummandla ukubazolisa isihlwele, yena ngamatye. Kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini wokufa kwakhe. Eyokuqala kukuba bafa ukulimala evela amadlelane akhe; ngomhla wesibini - ukuba wabulawa baseSpeyin, wagqiba ukulwa umva.

nasebuncwaneni Montezuma

BaseSpeyin bafumana iindawo ezimbalwa apho ubutyebi efihlakeleyo Aztec. Ekuqaleni, xa kunjalo ke phezu inobuhlobo amaIndiya, izitena zabo ezindongeni enqabeni urhulumente yafunyanwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, bagqiba ekubeni ubone ukuba yintoni na efihliweyo ngasemva kwawo. Kwakukho okuninzi izivatho, zegolide. Sazigqibela ukuba amaIndiya kusithela ezinye ubuncwane, abantu baseSpeyin wanika akukho umqondiso ukuba bazi nantoni na.

Kodwa Montezuma kwaba ngcono. Wabona ukuba wamatye wavuka phezu. Ngoko ke, irhuluneli wacebisa ukuba baseSpeyin bafumana iingxowa zazo njengesipho. Wacela ukuba bathathe yonke igolide abasemagunyeni iSpanish, ecinga ukuba uza kushiya ubukhosi. Kodwa ke iintshaba ke, efuna ukufumana igolide ngakumbi.

ubuncwane Aztec zatshatyalaliswa phantse ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, kukholelwa ukuba ezinye ubuncwane baye bahlala ukusiwa kwi namhla.

isiphelo

Kukholelwa ukuba umlawuli wokugqibela amaNdiya yaba Montezuma II. Kodwa enyanisweni akunjalo. Ngexesha wayesilwa conquistadors baseSpeyin wenziwe nasekuxinweni kwekomkhulu loBukhosi Aztec. Cortez squad rhoqo wafumana ukusekelwa. Kwiinyanga ezimbini, siye sakwazi ukufumana waphelelwa Indian izixeko epheleleyo phantse bonke batshatyalaliswa.

Ngaphambi kokuwa urhulumente ngokupheleleyo Agasti 13, 1521 abantu baseSpeyin wathimba iphenyane edikeni apho, apho ngamanene. Ukuba bangxamele ukubaleka. Kwakukho Cuauhtémoc - umlawuli wokugqibela Aztec, wayethathe intombi omncinane Montezuma. Yena ke batyakatywa ukufumana phandle i indawo apho efihliweyo omnye yobuncwane. Kwanasemva kokuba iintsuku eziliqela uyangcungcuthekiswa olunzima Cuauhtémoc uthe nto.