Institutional - Yintoni na le nto? Yintoni na le nto Economics yeziko?

"Institutional" - ligama na kuviwa rhoqo kakhulu ngokunxulumene kuqoqosho. Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba lithetha ntoni. Kodwa ke kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ilizwi, kwakunye amabinzana ezinxulumene, kunye neengxelo, badlala indima ebaluleke gqitha kubomi banamhlanje, yaye okubaluleke kakhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo, inkqubo yokuphucula ubudlelwane zemveliso kunye nomthengi. Le mbono "zamaziko" - oku kwenzeka kanjani uphuhliso noqoqosho lukumgangatho kwifomu apho kunokuthi kubonwe namhlanje. Ngoko kuthetha ntoni?

intsingiselo

Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuqala siqonde ukubaluleka kwale kota. YeQumrhu - yinto isichazi uchaza into inxulumene ngqo kumaziko oluntu kwaye inkxalabo ngqo kubo. Oku yintsingiselo engundoqo eli lizwi, nto leyo isisiseko intshukumo ezaziwayo noqoqosho, nto leyo ngakumbi eyaziwa ngokuba institutionalism. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuya kuxoxwa kamva kancinane, kwaye ngoku kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele intsingiselo yesibini yeli gama.

YeQumrhu - nguye ifakwe ngokusesikweni kwaye ikhuseleke badume. Okt ubudlelwane zamaziko - ezi ubudlelwane ukuba ilungiswe eneneni, mhlawumbi kwinqanaba ngokusemthethweni.

Njengoko ubona, kukho ezimbini ixabiso ezisisiseko wathi amazwi, kodwa kuqala lungasetyenziswa ngakumbi yaye laduma umxhelo kuba, njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla. Institutionalism - i kwicala loqoqosho, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa ngakumbi.

institutionalism

Yintoni na Economics yamaziko? Esi sikolo olubanzi yeengcingane, ogxininisa ngokuhlolisisa yempembelelo kumaziko asekuhlaleni afana kurhulumente, nomthetho, ukuziphatha, njalo njalo, malunga umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho kuluntu ngokubanzi kunye nokwamkelwa ezithile kwezoqoqosho izigqibo ezithile.

Yena wazalwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, elithi "ezoqoqosho yeziko" yaqaliswa ngo-1919. Kude kube ngoku, esi sikolo ubize nefuthe elikhulu yaye yenye eyaziwa kakhulu ehlabathini.

Indlela kwamaziko

indlela yeQumrhu - le nto amanga intliziyo institutionalism. Enyanisweni, yena iinkalo ezimbini - amaziko kunye namaziko. Phantsi ingqikelelo yokuqala libhekisela kwemimiselo nezithethe yokuziphatha kwabantu ekuhlaleni namhlanje, kwaye phantsi yesibini - malunga into enye, kodwa esisigxina kuphela kwinqanaba lowiso, kukho imithetho, amalungelo esesikweni, kwakunye nemibutho namaziko.

Ukuba shwankathela, umahluko phakathi kwendlela lweziko kwezinye iindlela kwezoqoqosho usendleleni yokuba abalandeli bakhe Sicebisa ukuba akuwuqiqi kuphela iindidi zoqoqosho kunye neenkqubo, kodwa kuchaphazela izinto zabo zentlalo non-kwezoqoqosho, ezifana namaziko kunye namaziko.

line ingqondo

line Social kumaziko umcabango eziliqela iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Umzekelo, sisetyenziswe le ndlela wagxeka umlinganiswa abstract sesikweni uhlalutyo neoclassical kwezoqoqosho, nto leyo okufana le inzululwazi phambi kokufika institutionalism.

Kwakhona enye mpawu ziphambili olwahlula intsontelo ngcinga le ndlela ahlukeneyo. Njengoko uyakwazi ukuqonda, institutionalists wakhuthaza ukuba uqoqosho ibingento ngokwayo, yaye ihlanganiswe kunye nezoluntu. Ngelo xesha linye afuna kuphando ngokwamava ezinobunyaniso ukuba uhlahlelo iingxaki ngoku ngokucindezela, hayi imiba jikelele.

utshintsho lweziko

utshintsho lweziko ukuze nabo babe elinye igama - uphuhliso lwamaziko - yinkqubo yenguqu, benxibe ifomu kunye nemigangatho yazo. Ezi nkqubo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisana ezahlukeneyo amaziko - kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo njalo njalo. Kunye nemeko ekuyiyo - kukuba, apho olukhulu lwe data, kodwa Awuveli ukutshintsha imigaqo nemithetho, kwaye kumphakamo amaziko ngamaziko.

isakhiwo

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, yintoni na kuyimfuneko ukuxelela - ubume beziko. Yintoni na? Njengoko isikolo ezoqoqosho eziko, i iseti wayalela kwamaziko ezichaphazela ukuziphatha kwezoqoqosho ngabantu, uluntu, amaqela, amashishini kunye njalo njalo. Kule matrix ifomu ezithile kwezoqoqosho, adala umsebenzi ukuthintelwa kwalo kwiqumrhu elithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zonke ezi ngasentla lwenzeka ngaphakathi kwinkqubo ethile zoququzelelo kwezoqoqosho. Ngamafutshane, oku okusingqongileyo yamaziko apho utshintsho zenzeka njengoko kuchazwe kumhlathi owandulelayo.

Ngokwendalo, oku konke okuthathwa kwisikolo institutionalism. Kuyo kusekho inani elikhulu yeengqiqo, iindlela, iindlela, iintshukumo njalo njalo. Noko ke, oko ezidweliswe imigaqo esisiseko kuya kukunceda ufumane uluvo jikelele iphetshana lesicelo elibizwa ngokuba uqoqosho hlobo, kwakunye ngqo kwi elithi "iziko", nto leyo eye phantse kwenkulungwane, yenye yeyona ibalulekileyo kummandla theory kwezoqoqosho.

Eli binzana kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wonke umntu ofuna ukuqonda okulungileyo zizo kolunxulumano kwindawo kwenkqubo yemveliso, ngesifo sephepha, usasazo kunye utshintshiselwano, nanjengoko unxulunyaniswa ezininzi intshukumo mihla le nto kule ndawo.