UMlawuli uVespasian: biography nobukumkani

I leNdlu yeeNgwevu okokuqala eRoma hayi unyana ka leNdlu yeeNgwevu, kunye nomzukulwana wakhe - Tito nguFlavius uVespasian, umlawuli entsapho irhafu-umlimi, waqalisa wobukumkani bakhe phantse namawaka amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo kunye wokuqala ngoJulayi kunyaka-anethoba zaba ngamashumi omathandathu. Yaba nguye lowo waqalisa irhafu eliphezulu ehambela izindlu zangasese zikawonke-wonke, kwaye ke ngoko neempumlo fastidiously patricians morschaschim ezikhutshiweyo ibinzana dozhivshuyu ukuya namhlanje: "! Non olet . (! Imali na ukusezela)" Waba odumileyo uVespasian, umlawuli, Kakade ke, hayi kwesizathu. Yaba yena walakha eColosseum kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezininzi abadumileyo ngokulinganayo. Kodwa khumbula ngenxa yesizathu esithile into yokuqala malunga nale rhafu lishwa. Akazange kuphela wangena, endleleni. Ukongeza zangasese, wabalulamela ukuya emkhosini, kunye nobulungisa. UVespasian - umbusi ukuba unenzondelelo kakhulu, phantse yonke inkqubo zemali wabandezeleka, wazisa eRoma ukuze.

indlela

Kwazalelwa umbusi waseRoma uVespasian ngoNovemba, ngomnyaka wesithoba iNkosi yethu kwidolophu Reate, apho wayehlala uSabina, kunye nentsapho yakhe iphela khona. INdlu Yeengwevu wakwazi ukungena ngexesha lokulawula kukaTibheriyo Kesare, njengokuba jikelele olungileyo: ezigqwesileyo, ngokuphumelela umdlalo we South Britain, umthetho a ngumkhosi Rhein. Ngowe-'51 ukuba wenza inyathelo elilandelayo kumandla: uVespasian, umlawuli sele kwixa elizayo, elimele ukuba. Kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, waphinda phambili xa uNero wayalela ukuba ukucinezela mvukelo yamaYuda. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, yonke imikhosi kumaphondo empumalanga wathi: "Tito nguFlavius uVespasian - umlawuli!". Ngaphandle empuma kunye uVespasian baba andikhuphele imikhosi weDanube kunokuba luncedo kakhulu kumlo ochasene kwezinye contenders - Vitellius. INdlu Yeengwevu akukho yimbi, yaye ngo-'69 wavuma uVespasian.

Loluphi uhlobo bukhosi waya unyana wakhe irhafu-umlimi? imfazwe Long-term, kuquka abahlali, yonke into singakwazi, ngomhla wonke ummandla kweli lizwe basikelelwe. kwafuneka ukuba bafune ngemali ngokululama kwayo. Ngoko kwakukho iintlobo zerhafu ezintsha, yaye phakathi kwabo - lowo ngoko nangoko yaba ngundaba-mlonyeni. Titus nguFlavius uVespasian - omkhulu, soloko wahamba sihambisane amaxesha, yaye ngokufuthi phambi isibini amanyathelo. I satshintsha ukwakheka weNdlu yeeNgwevu. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala nezikhundla zayo abameli yabantu basebukhosini kamasipala, hayi kuphela eRoma, kodwa amaphondo asentshona, kwakunye Italy (lalingekafiki njengelizwe single - kwabo uyifumana iyinto engaqhelekanga luhle). Cities Spain waseRoma uVespasian wanika kanye amalungelo afanayo yoluntu, bonke Latins. Kwaye ukuze aphazamise umsebenzi, 74, ka yomtshayelo ezingcolileyo eli lizwe ikhatyelwe ngaphandle yonke inkcaso emntwini nezamaStoyike, kunye nezinye ziimbongi.

izenzo

Elawula kuphela umbuso omkhulu baze ke bakwazi ukuphumelela eziphathekayo oku kungenakwenzeka, kwaye umlawuli uFlavius uVespasian batsalwa kulawulo nonyana wayo clever kunye Lucky noTito. It ikwazile uTito ngowama-70 victoriously niyifeze loo Imfazwe yamaYuda, kwaza oko kwabalelwa phantsi imvukelo Batavian Yuliya Tsivilisa. Ukuze icala umlawuli yakhe UFlavius uVespasian wayevela ngomona. inkqubo-mali oluhlengahlengisiweyo, imimandla emitsha anyuswe. Ngowe-'74 nkqubo yakhe yonke yayijoliswe bathimba amasimi Dekumatskih (ubulumko eqhelekileyo, xa ngempazamo eliguqulelwe UTacitus ukuba eli lizwe ngokuxhomekeke izishumi, kodwa hayi, loo nto Lungisa nje kummandla othile), oko kukuthi i-lizwe ngumcu olubanzi ilele phezu kweendawo zonke Germany mihla, ukuze Oku sele kwakuhlala ngamaRoma.

Kwaba apho yayisenza urhulumente ezamahala ezindlu amagqala omkhosi wamaRoma, kwakunye abasuka eGaul, ngubani bazibalula kule mfazwe. Kude kube ngoku ndizilandile nje imida kwezi ndawo, ziphawulwe ngokuthi kwenqaba ezininzi elide kunye iifolo, ezahlulwa ukusuka ubunini kubonakala ebumelwaneni ngokugqithiseleyo kakhulu mahala baseJamani. Roma emithathu iminyaka engamakhulu-emnqakathi, la macandelo nangoku ilahlekile. Sandisa ulawulo waseRoma yaye emantla UK, nto leyo ebonisa indlela ubuntu nenjongo yaba uVespasian, umlawuli. Le wobukumkani bakhe phantse iminyaka ngeminyaka, olubanzi, simlungele kakuhle izenzo lizwe okhankanywe. Yaye yintoni iindlela kwakhiwa baseRoma uBukhosi uVespasian! Iimpawu "ngonaphakade" apha kungahlali. Iindlela basebenza kude! Obusa yena ziingcathu kakhulu, kodwa ke ngelo xesha bazifuna kakhulu. Flavian ubukhosi uqale kakuhle: umseki wayo inganga ubalaseleyo ubulawuli yokuqala, ngaphandle ka-Agasti.

UVespasian, umbusi

biography Emfutshane ezingancediyo wakhe kuba loo nto zamkele sewaka le ezintsha enkulu kunye nezibonelelo wazisa uBukhosi uVespasian. Kwi amandla enkulu misebenzi yakhe usixelela umfanekiso oqingqiweyo zigcinwa kwi yasePergamon Museum. Ekuqaleni kweli nqaku umzekeliso - ilitye lesikhumbuzo efotweni. UMlawuli uVespasian ibonakale nalapho kulo lonke uzuko lwayo. A biography of uVespasian entle kakhulu wabhala uSuetonius. Abalimi Tax (abaqokeleli berhafu) kwi yeeNgwevu kwaye etroneni komlawuli - oku yedwa kwenza ubomi uVespasian kwimbali umdla. Amalunga nazo uyisekazi soMhlekazi elizayo umama umzalwana uVespasian Sabin. Sele eneminyaka engama-mathathu uVespasian ngakwazi abe praetor, yaye emva koko konke wonyuselwa ngokukhawuleza emsebenzini: ngumlungiseleli Klavdiy Nartsiss kakhulu nobuchule bakhe ishishini.

Alimwi iButho eBritani wafumana nakumfuzelo uloyiso kunye nesidima nje ezimbini lwababingeleli. Ngowe-'51 uVespasian wanika koonozakuzaku, kunye 63rd yena - yayilibamba Afrika. Uninzi bonke, amaRoma wawabetha kukunyaniseka kwakhe; kwakungekho tyala uVespasian ngokobuqu natyetyiswa, usebenzisa isikhundla sakhe esemthethweni. Kodwa kungaphinde kwenzeke! Mhlawumbi imali engakholelekiyo. Noko ke, esinye isibini amaxesha umzalwana wamsindisa ezikweletini, ngokubekwa ilizwe lakhe nendlu. UVespasian kwi ukulandelwa i uNero, xa ngexesha zehambo eAkhaya ngengozi dozed kude ngexesha becula asebukhosini. Njengoko yaziwa, xa loo mthetho wasuka waphuthelwa nobomi. Kodwa emva konyaka, uNero podostyl kwaye uVespasian amisiweyo irhuluneli kwelakwaYuda.

agile

Ngo elakwaYuda kwabakho imfazwe, njengoko ibizwa ngokuba amaYuda ngokwawo - wokuqala wamaRoma. UVespasian wakhokela umkhosi wakhe omkhulu ukuze ukucinezela mvukelo, yaye ngaphantsi konyaka kamva ukuthobela eRoma kwabuyiselwa phantse onke amaphondo. Wahlala anganikelwa esandleni eYerusalem kunye iinqaba ezimbalwa. Emva koko beza kwaYuda iindaba ngokuzibulala uNero. Smart uVespasian wayeka Isiphango iYerusalem, xa iindaba lokuba etroneni eRoma anikwe uGalba. Ngexesha impi, wanxibelelana nerhuluneli waseSiriya, uGayo Lucina Mutsianom kunye nonxibelelwano akufane kwenzeke lobuhlobo. Mutsian ityala elikhulu uNero ngenxa yokuba "Upstart" uVespasian wafumana iwonga ephezulu njengoko irhuluneli kwelakwaYuda. Noko ke, uVespasian wayeyindoda akuyo kakhulu, yaye emva kokufa uNero, ezi nenqala Mutsian ilityalwe kamsinya nje bakuba ngokudibeneyo bexoxa imeko yezopolitiko.

Kwaye xa 69, waqalisa regicide wamaRoma (kuqala uGalba, Otho, wafa yaye unandipha loyiso Vitellius), umhlobo isiqingatha womoji-zonka waqala ukwenza: wacela uncedo lomnye irhuluneli - eYiputa. Tiberiy Yuly Alexander ayikwazanga bango itrone ngenxa yokuba wayengekho owayelilungu leNdlu yeeNgwevu, umYuda bakreqileyo, kunye Mutsian akazange abe ngumlawuli kuba akukho oonyana baqalisa isiseko yaka. UVespasian kakhulu ngakumbi onobuqili-umlawuli. zokuphila kwakhe yalungiselelwa uTito uDomitian sele ezelwe kwaye ibisencinane. Yena owayelilungu leNdlu yeeNgwevu kunye ngunozakuzaku. Kwaye zontathu iirhuluneli bavumelana ukuba uVespasian - eliphethwe kantidat kwetrone wamaRoma. Okokuqala wafunga imikhosi zaseYiputa, ngoko ke imikhosi amabini ka-Aram, nakwelakwaYuda.

abahlaseli

Wenza kwisicwangciso wacinga-out ngenyameko: Mutsian uya kulwa eItali, kunye uVespasian ihlala yokulinda olawula unikezelo okuziinkozo eYiputa. Nakuba kunjalo, kuzo zonke izicwangciso ngethuba ukuphunyezwa kwazo kuxhomekeke uhlengahlengiso. Kuba uVespasian wenza ngesiquphe gal Mark Antoniy Prim, saya Danuviyskie umkhosi. Lowo ngokukhawuleza Mutsiana wafika eItali, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuze kuqaliswe kwizicwangciso ngokubanzi, yaye ngoko, kungekho nayiphi na imimiselo woyisa umkhosi Vitellius, waza wabalekiselwa eRoma. Kukho ukuxhathisa into embi kakhulu. Inkoliso yentsapho uVespasian ngelo xesha eseRoma. Urban ngumphathi Sabin babezama ukweyisela Vitellius thela. Ngelize Wakwenza oko.

Umlawuli uVespasian elizayo, ebudeni ukubusa nangoku iqalile, ngexesha kumzabalazo amandla yayisele walahlekelwa mzalwana. Wabulawa ngqo kwi Capitol Hill. Kodwa kungekudala kakhulu Vitellius wambulala - kunye nenkohlakalo, kufuneka uvume. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ungeno emisiweyo eRoma Army Marcus Antoniya Prima, emva koko iNdlu Yeengwevu kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukwazisa ukuba uVespasian - umlawuli. Yena mutsian khawuleza ayekwazi, kodwa weza eRoma kuphela ekupheleni zocindezelo. Wasigweba ngamandla engagunyaziswanga Prima, ebizwa ngokuba yindlobongela niyangcikivwa ngokuzimisela ukuze samovolnichanie. Inothi bekhubeka wakhalaza uVespasian. Wafumana liqhawe zonke iintlobo imbeko, kodwa wathumela ke Tolosa yakubo - ekuthinjweni.

Ukuqala kobukumkani

Kodwa Mutsianu ububele wayengekho iyinqaba kakhulu. Kunjalo, ngoko nangoko abaye bajamelana ngayo nenkcaso ezinokubakho. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye wathabatha ukunakekelwa ngandlela zonke ngokungummangaliso abasindileyo kokufa uDomitian - unyana wakhe omnci ka uVespasian. Ngelo xesha, unyana wakhe omkhulu uTito wathabatha iYerusalem Isiphango kwaye baphumelela. Ivdaea Capta - In imbeko yakhe ingqekembe odumileyo sikhutshwe. Mutsiana wabuyela Mbusi lobungangamsha uVespasian kunikwa amanqaku, kodwa hayi kancinci ngamandla lokwenene alinikwa, nangona ezisele kuze ukufa kwakhe iminyaka emithandathu Mutsian waba ngumcebisi oyintloko * kuKhesare.

Kukho mama ntle: zonke yaphela kwimfazwe yamakhaya, iforam entsha yenyuka Temple zobungangamela Uxolo (zichongwe uPliny ukuya ebalulekileyo yehlabathi) esibhakabhakeni. WoMlawuli wasazisa ngokoluvo ebantwini ibe nako ukuthumela yona inzuzo yabo. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba yena wayengomnye wabantu. Noko ke umkhosi nangoku yasebenza njengoko nto iphambili isakhiwo, wabeka phantsi imvukelo yamaYuda, kumantla Gauls eneenkani kunye baseJamani waqinisekisa. UMlawuli uVespasian, edume nokubetha izayamaniso imikhwa bobuntu bakhe. Umzekelo, kukho Bahlala inkohlakalo ngokugqibeleleyo ezizodwa kunye nakakuhle. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba kwakungelula eyilahleko.

umhlaba

ubulumko Financial ngonaphakade imidlalo uVespasian. Waya uBukhosi bayangcungcutheka iimfazwe noqhankqalazo. Namafa efunekayo imali, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba aveze umendo ongaqhelekanga, nokuba ngakuphi. umlawuli waseRoma uVespasian, ukungenisa werhafu ukuba ucudise ngokungafanelekanga abantu abo, phezu koko, wayesoloko wabona ukuba eli phondo akukho zonakale. Noko ke, iirhafu ezintsha baye banda ngendlela engathethekiyo, yaye lizama ukuba bazikhwebule kubo zicinezelwa kunye ngokutyumzayo kakhulu. Onke la manyathelo aye yabo- eRoma, umlawuli babenza ngokuphandle. Noko ke, wayesazi ukuba wayesenza, waza emva koko waya nayiphi na impumelelo ngokukhawuleza nangokupheleleyo. Xa kaThixo beliselilunge the World, uVespasian waqalisa ukuyakha Colosseum, ngokunjalo imali eninzi kakhulu waya ukuvulwa Latin kunye namathala eencwadi zamaGrike.

Kwaye uVespasian umthamo yasemkhosini elikhulu: ngaphezu amaxesha ezimashumi legionaries sabingelela ophumeleleyo. Umgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle loMlawuli i uVespasian yokuba awayithabathayo geqe land ezamahala needolophu. Ngoko yaba liphondo laseRoma waseByzantium, Samos, Rhodes, wajoyina uVespasian ezininzi ithi Asian encedisayo - Emesa, Kommagene, Little eArmenia, eKilikiya. Nempi iintlanga kumda (eCaucasus - Armenia, ekufutshane - eParti), izizwe ekucamngceni kweMilambo kunye kwintlango yaseSiriya. Ishishini ephambili wobukumkani bakhe, yena ingqalelo ekomelezeni urhulumente ngundoqo ukuvuselela ukuhluza, elawulwa iNdlu Yeengwevu. Umphumo waba kakhulu ngaphantsi ejolise imo phezu kweengqukuva, abahlala kuwo uyazi, kodwa kwakukho enkulu self-government kweli lizwe, kunye nokubaluleka Italy lande kakhulu kunene. Inani amaphondo.

iphondo

E Italy ulawulo karhulumente bonke ezibalaseleyo, kodwa amaphondo enye kwenye, ukuba kufumana "ekunene Latin 'zabo kunye nempembelelo ngokukhawuleza bufunyenwe zezibonelelo bukhosi. UVespasian wayesazi kakuhle iingxaki zabo nokubanceda zonke indlela yokusombulula. Ububanzi yokucinga lakhe elikhulu Imperial. Imbali Roman enkosi iinguqu ezigcinwe umlawuli uVespasian, ukuba ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ebudeni beminyaka elishumi wobukumkani bakhe, yena yayeka ukuba imbali yasebhotwe, ukuba sele itywiniweyo uluntu oluphucukileyo zeentlanga ezahlukeneyo.

UVespasian wayesebenza yonke imihla ebusuku ezininzi uvumela nje wena ukuba uhambe. Wabuye wabona kokungqengqa yaye ithe inkosikazi yakhe - bonke ixesha. Phambi kokusa, wavuka kunye kwimitha kwelanga athatyathiweyo ufunde imeyili. Emva koko ke nabanye ubomi kuluntu iphela. Nokuba enxibe, wafumana iindwendwe, wacebisana kunye nabahlobo. Lidla inxalenye ebalulekileyo yemini yachithwa ukuba ngusompempe. Ukufumaneka yakhe kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ngenxa yoko, nkqu kule miqathango yokhuseleko ziyalandelwa siswele kakhulu. Noko ke, ukuhlaselwa ubomi soMhlekazi wakwazi ukubaleka. UVespasian kuphela wambamba nefiva kwaye wafa ngowe-79 AD, andiyeki yokuhlekisa kude kuyo.

ola eceleni

USuetonius ichaza uVespasian njengendoda enamandla kakhulu kwaye isempilweni kakhulu. Yena wayenza nokukhuthazwa kwezempilo ngokucwangcisiweyo. A ukuncokola akabanga patrician, abangenakwazi, abaninzi kwabonakala ukrwada ngokungathi iinkozo wamnika zijoje unyana wakhe omkhulu, ukuba ingcikivo ngenxa kwenziwe irhafu entsha. "Le ngqekembe na ukusezela? Strange. Kwaye ngokukodwa ukuba asijoje umchamo." Kunye nesiphelo: "Imali na ukusezela!". Abantu, njengoko sele sibonile, mqondo uburharha kakhulu, kwaye le joke kunye nabanye abaninzi baya kuba ithandwa nje kusoloko - kude kube sekuphelisweni kwephakade eli.

Kwaye ukuba kakhulu uhlaziye imisebenzi bamaRoma, ngoko nangoko kucaca ukuba ukufika uVespasian bafumana ubudala legolide bukhosi. Emva kwakhe phezu kwetrone wenyuka elinye emva kwelinye abalawuli nengqondo kunye nabantu abalungileyo. Bona neliqaqambileyo kwezi ngendlela efanayo ezihlangwini yayo, umlinganiswa eqinileyo, elula (rhoqo zomkhosi) imikhwa, ingqondo esebenzisekayo ecacileyo. Okona kubalulekileyo, siye baqala ukuncipha ezo imikhuba phandle, apho ihlabathi lonke nakubo bonke ubudala, ukuba lihlazo ngokwabo kunye neyezingaphambili. It uVespasian kakhulu ekhawulezayo inkqubo bayeka kukwamkela yonke into e Rome whistleblowing, owakubhangisayo okunene inqaku udelele uKesare. imithetho Civil yena yongezwe kwaye yaphuculwa.

iziphumo

Nangona abantu aphila bahlekisa ukunyoluka uVespasian, kodwa wanika ubulungisa efanelekileyo ewe ke, ngenxa yokuba zonke yeengeniso imali yerhafu yayisetyenziswa kuphela izinto ezibalulekileyo. iingalo bamaRoma Waloyisa, yaye ke ezikrelekrele. Eneneni izakhiwo ezibalaseleyo wamisa ubukhulu yabengezela, ubuhle lixesha. indlela ngamatshe zomkhosi, Yimba bemba amatye ezintabeni, iibhulorho ezininzi ebhegini phezu kwemilambo ezinkulu ziye zakhiwa kakhulu phantsi uVespasian.

Amawaka iiplanga ngobhedu senatusconsultum Capitol inyibilikiswa umlilo. UVespasian walakha Capitol, ngcono kunangaphambili, kunye nebhodi ebuyiselweyo, sifuna izintlu yemithetho kwanabantu zabucala. Ezitratweni zazizaliswe nabo apho umlilo phantsi uNero watshayela inxalenye enkulu eRoma. Nokuba kwivaranda, eyaqala wokwakha uKlawudiyo, bazisa intumekelelo uVespasian - umlawuli waseRoma. Xa inyusiwe eziphuculiweyo imisele zamaRoma. izakhiwo zoluntu, uMenzi Forum of uVespasian, zazihonjiswe nemisebenzi lexi hlamarisaka sculpture zamaGrike nokupeyinta. Library Public yavulwa. Kodwa zodidi ngokugqithisileyo lenkundla yasuswa kanye kunye bonke.