Umonakalo Real. Collection lomonakalo yokwenene

Iilahleko ziboniswa iziphumo impahla ezibi ezivela ngokunxulumene ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo zesifundo. Bakhonza yinxalenye ukwakhiwa ukuziphatha okungalunganga, ukuba oko kwabangela ngokubacandisa bona. ngakumbi Qwalasela ukuba ilahleko bamele uhlobo lomonakalo lokwenene.

Overview

Kumthetho wembambano umonakalo iimeko kwaye injongo iseha uxanduva. Oku kukuvumela ukuba intlawulo yazo ngokupheleleyo. Ukufunyanwa umonakalo kanye, ngaloo ndlela, kunegalelo nokubuyiselwa ubume yendawo ixhoba, libatshayele endaweni yaso (phambi ukuhlukunyezwa).

definition

I-Civil Code of ilahleko ekubhekiselelwe iindleko ukuba iqumrhu umntu omalungelo akhe athe anyhashwa, ubunzima okanye kuya kufuneka ukuba wehlelwe ukubuyisa impahla yakhe. Baya ebizwa kwakhona umonakalo okanye ukulahleka kwempahla okanye ukulahleka ingeniso, leyo ufake umntu phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ingeniso, ukuba izinto zayo anyhashwa. Le nkcazo iqulethwe kweli nqaku. 15 Code. Ngoko ke, lo mthetho omiyo umonakalo kanye kunye neengeniso ezilahlekileyo.

yinzuzo

umonakalo Eyona kunye neengeniso ezilahlekileyo babe eziliqela iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Ulwazi kakhulu epheleleyo malunga ngokulahlekelwa yingeniso lowu inombolo Ndiwise plenary 25 omkhosi 23.06.2015 Olu xwebhu lowu ukuba intsingiselo Art. 15 iingeniso njengokuba elahlekileyo kufuneka iqatshelwe umvuzo Uncollected, oko kwakuya landisa ubunzima sepropati, sokunene ligxojiwe, ukuba ukuziphatha okungalunganga wayengekho. Ekubeni sithetha ngokulahlekelwa yingeniso, ekusonjululweni amatyala anxulumene kwimbuyekezo bakhe, kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ukuba izibalo zalo, enika ummangali idla baberhabaxa kwaye indalo probabilistic. Le imeko ayikwazi ngokwayo ukukhonza njengesiseko ligatya isicelo. Ukuba umntu luwugqithile ilungelo umfaki-sicelo, efunyenwe ngokunxulumene zabo mthethweni izenzo ingeniso yokuziphatha, ixhoba unelungelo lokufuna imbuyekezo kunye nezinye umonakalo yelahleko kweengeniso isixa hayi ngaphantsi kwe kwingeniso. Ukumisela ukulahlekelwa inzuzo, inkundla kufuneka akuwuqiqi kuphela ingeniso enokubakho kodwa iindleko, ezo eziyimfuneko ukufumana kubo. Kwimeko non-ngokuqukunjelwa iindleko imbuyekezo nga ayinakuphikiswa.

umonakalo Eyona: i-Civil Code of the Russian Federation

Ngokuhambelana ne Art. 393 Code kwisifundo ngasinye, kufuneka ukubuyekeza ilahleko otyalwayo ebangelwa non-komsebenzi okanye ukusebenza engafanelekanga wo yingisela. izibophelelo ngokwahlukeneyo evela isivumelwano malunga yokwenzakala, kwakunye nezinye izizathu kubonelelwe kuMgaqo-mthetho. Zakutshanje ebalulwe Art. 8 GK. Ngenxa yezizathu ingenzeka izibophelelo, ingakumbi, kuyi- amaqumrhu karhulumente Amaqumrhu karhulumente wephondo nowengingqi, iintlanganiso izigqibo, uphuhliso zomthetho, xa kuqala leyo imimiselo enxulumene ne imbonakalo neziphumo ngomthetho, njalo-njalo.

iimpawu ubungqina

Xa ulwalathiso isicelo kunye nemfuneko ukuba ahlawule umonakalo (yomonakalo esisiso) ukuba ummangali kufuneka inike izinto engqina:

1. Wrongfulness le yokuziphatha.
2. Isibakala yokuqhubeka umonakalo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.
3. Uxhulumaniso phakathi umsebenzi / yokungasebenzi kunye neziphumo.

Isixa nohlobo kobungqina ukuba ummangali kuya kufuneka abanike kuya kuxhomekeka yintoni kanye na umonakalo wokwenene: impahla elilahlekileyo okanye yonakele, ekungenwe iindleko ezithile njalo njalo. Olu luluhlu iingcaciso enikwe Isigqibo inani ilanga 6/8 ye 07.01.1996 Kwisitanza. 10 xwebhu ithi ukuba umonakalo yokwenene ibandakanya kungekuphela neendleko nqo yi ixhoba, kodwa iindleko ukuba ziya kubizwa ngokuba ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo abo okuzikhethela. Le meko kufuneka ingqalelo xa kusenziwa isigqibo amatyala anxulumene amabango imbuyekezo ngenxa yomonakalo. Imfuno amacandelo iindleko umonakalo ezizisiweyo kwakhona kuqinisekiswa yi izibalo kunye nezinye ubungqina. Njengoko lo wokugqibela ukwenza uqikelelo yenkcitho efunekayo ukuze kupheliswe ukungabikho lweemveliso, isivumelwano ekumiseleni uxanduva bokusilela ukufezekisa imisebenzi, njalo-njalo.

Kwinkqubo yokubonisa ubukhulu kunye nento le kukuvela umonakalo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo imiqathango para. 49 sigqibo ngasentla. Ngokutsho kwabo, kukho umonakalo lokwenene bendiqonda ngesifo sephepha, nto leyo iya ubunzima yi amaxhoba indalo. Ngoko ke, ukuba phula ilungelo kulindeleke ukuchacha ngalo nokufunyanwa kweempahla ezithile okanye iinkonzo / imisebenzi, iindleko zalo kufuneka kuhambelane nenkqubo ibonelelwe Art. 393, para. 3 koMgaqo, kwaye kwezi meko apho umhla inyathelo okanye isigqibo neendleko nqo amaxhoba nangoku abangenanto.

into ebaluleke

Ngu n. 3 tbsp. 393 Code ngaphandle kokuba kumiselwe ngenye indlela ngumthetho, neminye imigaqo okanye ngokwesivumelwano, xa kujongwa ubungakanani yokulahlekelwa kufuneka athathe ingqalelo amaxabiso ezazikho kuloo ndawo apho ukuzalisekisa izibophelelo, ngomhla buyiselo ngokuzithandela onetyala amabango otyalwayo ngayo. Ukuba yokugqibela kungenzeki, oku kuthathelwa ingqalelo ixabiso owaqala ukusebenza ngomhla wokungeniswa kwesicelo ukuya enkundleni. Xa kujongwa iimeko, igunya eligunyazisiweyo anelise ibango lembuyekezo ilahleko ngokusekelwe amaxabiso ezikhoyo ngomhla isigqibo.

Ixabiso imbuyekezo

Umntu uzisa ibango, oko kufuna ukuba umoni ukuze kubuyekezelwe (wokwenene) umonakalo yokwenene ngokupheleleyo, ukuba umthetho okanye ikhontrakthi aluwufaki kwisayizi ezincinane. Lo mthetho kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kubanjiswene ne Art. 400 of the Code Civil. Ngokutsho norm:

1. Kwezinye izibophelelo, kuquke ezo zijongene izinto ezithile, lo mthetho angabeka umda kwi lilonke imbuyekezo ukulahleka.
2. Isivumelwano ukunciphisa ubutyala unetyala phantsi kwesivumelwano nokudibana kunye nezinye izenzo yi apho otyalwayo i abantu yendalo esebenza njenge nkonzo, loo nto ithathwa null and void, ukuba kumkhamo ityala kumiselwe yimithetho okanye kuphothulwe phambi kukuvela kweemeko ezibangela emibi lweeprogram ezingezoze-komsebenzi okanye ukwenziwa engafanelekanga imisebenzi .

izibonelo

Ezi meko zilandelayo ibekwe kuwiso-mthetho njengendlela otyalwayo ilungelo lokufuna ukuba ukusuka unetyala imbuyekezo umonakalo ngqo lokwenene kukhawulelwe ngokupheleleyo:

1. Art. 78 Code Civil. YoMsayini (ezihlangwini) lilungu ubambiswano jikelele elijongene noxanduva phambi lokudibanisa icala yesifundo, othe inqaku. 75, n. 2 uya kuba iqela onoxanduva bungaveli ngoko, ngaphakathi abacandayo impahla.
2. Ngokuhambelana ne Art. 354 Merchant Shipping Code of liability nomnini kunye salvor anqongophele ngenxa iimfuno loo khowudi usungula Art. 355.
3. Ukuba intsebenzo engafanelekanga okanye ukusilela ukwenza imisebenzi enikwe yesohlwayo, umonakalo wokwenene uyabhatalwa kangangoko engakhankanywanga kuyo. Umthetho okanye isivumelwano inokumiselwa ezahlukeneyo zamatyala. Umzekelo, oku bavumela kwakhona isohlwayo kuphela, kodwa hayi ilahleko, xa na oko kuyimfuneko ukuze kubuyekezelwe umonakalo yonke indlela phezu kwayo, kwakunye ezikhethiweyo ixhoba inokubuyiselwa okanye okanye ezinye.

bokuqonda

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nomdla yokusetyenziswa kwemali angaphandle kusoloko umlinganiswa amanqaku. Oku kuthetha ukuba umonakalo yokwenene zaloMgaqo Civil ivumela ukuba abuyekeze yinxalenye kuphela ukuba kungakhankanywanga ngabo. Esi sikhundla elibekwe n. 2 tbsp. 395 koMgaqo, kwakunye p. 50 BC Ndiwise inombolo 6, kunye Plenum we 01/07/1996, inani 8. Umonakalo nqo ngumbutho okanye ummi ngokunxulumene nezenzo ezingekho mthethweni / inactions karhulumente, abasemagunyeni okanye amagosa kwezi ziseko, kubandakanya upapasho nemigangatho yoMthetho yezomthetho koko, iya kuxhomekeka imbuyekezo yi-Russian Federation, kwisifundo Russian Federation okanye kumasipala. Esi sibonelelo iqulethwe Art. 16 Code.

kileyo

igunya abagunyazisiweyo zemiswa izigqibo ngaphambili egameni lommangali, abo babefuna ukuba ukubuyekeza umonakalo kanye nelahleko yengeniso phantsi kwezivumelwano ukuthenga. Inkundla yathi umthengisi mboleki-akazange akwazi ukungqina kukuvela ilahleko zemali ekungenwe kwi engagqibekanga yi izinyanzelo unetyala enxulumene ekubuyisweni izibambiso. Ngoko ke, eli ligatya isicelo esivakalayo yi ukusilela ukunika amaxwebhu axhasayo.

Ummangali wabhenela imfuneko ukuze abuyekeze umonakalo eyiyo ngenxa yokugcina ngokungafanelekanga kwempahla leyo yayibanjwe liqumrhu lombuso elilawulayo. Esi sicelo sivunyiwe, ukususela ukugqithiselwa kweempahla akakhululelwa butyala ngokulahleka okubangelwa ukusilela eligunyaziswe phantsi isakhiwo izinto sizolile. Umonakalo real kuqikelelwa yi ngummangali njengoko umahluko phakathi kwexabiso lokuthenga kunye kwixabiso lokuthengisa kanye ngeemveliso ezonakeleyo. imali Unearned ungumceli kugqitywe ngokwexabiso seziqwalaselwe yempahla ezisemgangathweni ophezulu, ekhoyo kwi emarikeni. Kulo mzekelo, oko etsaliweyo zagotovitelskie iindleko imithwalo kunye nexabiso lentengo.

Le mizekelo ilandelayo inxulumene ngovavanyo ngokungafanelekanga eseentendelezo link argument imbangela yommangalelwa va izenzo zakhe kunye kukuvela iziphumo ezibi ngohlobo umonakalo kummangali. Ngokuhambelana kunye nesiphelo zobugcisa unobangela ingozi le kaloliwe neenqwelo, ngenxa yokuba umenzi-sicelo ubunzima umonakalo real, ibonisa ubukho zokungahambi kakuhle izenzo / inactions yommangalelwa kunye abathengi. Last kwekhontrakthi kuthathwa imisebenzi ukunika imiyalelo malunga nokusetyenziswa kaloliwe. Phantsi kwezi meko zingasentla, ukuba izigwebo kunjalo, asikwazi engamelanga ithathwe njenge esemthethweni. Ngokuphathelele oku, kuxhomekeke ukurhoxiswa, nezinto zeli tyala - indlela ukuze tyala ukuba okokuqala ukulungiselela isifundo kweemfuneko lowu, ukuqatshelwa iziganeko kanye kwenzeke ntoni kunye novavanyo, ngobungqina bonke obufunekayo.

kwezinye iimeko

Xa isibheno, umfaki-sicelo, nto leyo imilinganiselo trustee ibhekisa nakwenzeka yokuseka isixa yomonakalo. Ukuze ekubikwe isifundo uphawula into yokuba isivumelwano apho iqela lesibini ukuba abe nxaxheba kokwakhiwa ekwabelwana, hayi yapheliswa. Oku kuzikisa Ephakamileyo akathabathi, njengoko FL "Kwi ungonakala" lingakulungele kwixabiso ilahleko sokurhoxisa isicwangciso ukuba isifundo akwaliwa ziimeko wo yingisela. Ukongezelela, ngokutsho inqaku. 201,6 loMthetho izilungiso. Ukuthatha kwabo ingqalelo, ukwakhiwa nxaxheba sibekho kwiintlanganiso abatyalwayo yaye inani leevoti kumiselwa ngokungqinelana kunye nemali ehlawulwa umphuhlisi phantsi kwesivumelwano obonelela ukugqithiselwa kweempahla okanye ixabiso lepropati enikwa yinkampani yenkonzo kwakunye ubukhulu ilahleko ngohlobo umonakalo lokwenene. Lifakwe phantsi Art. 201,5, p. 2. Zonke ezi zibakala ethatyathwe kunye zibonisa ukuba ubukho iimfuno ukutshintshwa waloo ndawo kunye contract nerastorgnutogo aziyi kuqwalaselwa sisithintelo ukufumanisa isixa yomonakalo ngqo.

Kuthiwa ukuba ilahleko kweembambano imbuyekezo kaninzi ezinxulumene ne izindlu. Ngokomzekelo, xa Art. 161 h. 1 LCD wagqiba ukuba ulawulo wesakhiwo kufuneka unikezele iimeko zokuphila ekhuselekileyo bokukhetha kubemi, ukugcinwa kwempahla eziqhelekileyo zikwimeko elungileyo, isisombululo ngemiba enxulumene ukusebenza, kwakunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zikarhulumente enikiweyo.

Ummangali ekuthethwa isicelo esiya enkundleni ngenxa yomonakalo obangelwe ngengozi umbhobho yonikezelo ngamanzi abandayo. kweziphakamiso Court aphandwe. Kule meko, inkundla ogunyazisiweyo anikwe ibango sicelo, ukuba amohlwaye kwinkampani yolawulo.

isiphelo

inkqubo yezeejaji ibonisa ukuba mpikiswano malunga imbuyekezo yomonakalo ngqo kunye neengeniso ezilahlekileyo rhoqo ingqalelo abasemagunyeni anegunya. Iingxaki iphambili yokuqhutywa kwamatyala kwenzeka kwinqanaba yokuqokelela nokunika ubungqina umgwebele kwizikhundla ngamaqela. Kulo mzekelo, ngokomdla nxaxheba ngamnye kwembambano - ukuzisa inani eliphezulu lokuphikisana wakhetha yayo. Kakade ke, kufuneka ukuba misela ukuba ngokusemthethweni.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe izibalo ingcali bacebisa. Ukubala eziyimfuneko ukuze nje kuphela umonakalo lenene, kodwa ngokunxulumene nemali kulindeleke ukuba isetyenziswe nokubuyiselwa kwamalungelo. Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuchana ukubala inzuzo elahlekileyo.

Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka wathi uninzi zeengxabano musa ukufikelela enkundleni ngenxa yokuba amaqela awakwazi kusombulula zonke ngoxolo. Iingcali bacebisa ukuba, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukwalathisa isifundo sokuqala, lophule neemfanelo zalo, ibango. Kufuneka khomba alikho semthethweni izenzo / ushiyelelo, kwaye ukujonga imali yembuyekezo kunye ixesha apho kufuneka kubonelelwa. Ukuba le ndlela akakwazi ukusombulula imbambano, kuyimfuneko ukuba uye enkundleni.