Umongo thiyori ubudlelwane babantu

Ubudlelwane Human - enye iingcamango eziphambili kulawulo. Kulapha waqala wasiwa ingqalelo into zabantu, nto leyo yinkalo engundoqo mbutho. Theory kubalulekile, hayi nje kuphela kweli inzululwazi yolawulo, kodwa bengqondo. Uye impahla elikhulu ezingasetyenziswanga iindlela enokwehla, leyo efanelekileyo kakhulu. Ukuze inkqubo yolawulo kakuhle kuyo yonke indawo umsebenzi ekujoliswe ezifunekayo kuphuhliso ngokubanzi, apho umxholo ongundoqo yindoda ezinqwenelwa kugxininiswa yolondolozo, esele izithethe kunye neemfundiso zabantu balo.

theory zinto zifuneka kuqala

Okwangoku, kukho umdla kwinzululwazi yolawulo. Uluhlu lwamacandelo kule ndawo kule minyaka yakutsha nje iye yandiswa kakhulu. Ukuze nilihluthe ulwazi lwamva, enika thiyori ubudlelwane babantu kulawulo, kufuneka ube ufifi yesikolo yamandulo, ukuqonda imvelaphi yaso bulumko, ukuqonda iinkqubo khona eziphembelela nophuhliso yoluntu ethile.

Ngexesha ekuphuhliseni uluntu kwenzeka utshintsho olukhulu lobuntu zokuhlala, kude inguqu epheleleyo yazo zonke izinto zale nkqubo. Ezi nguqu zichaphazela umdla nokuba wesizwe.

Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo imisebenzi Iqela ngenjongo ethile, ezifuna ulawulo olululo, ekudalweni ukufundisa, ezifana kwithiyori ubudlelwane babantu kunye umbutho.

Oku kwabangela nokusekwa ulawulo olufanelekileyo kunye umbutho ukuze ijongane asakhulayo ngokubhekiselele kwinjongo, iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi. Nokuba kuluntu abangekaphuhli wasazisa iimpawu ekuthiwa-loosomashishini - uxanduva, inyathelo, ukukwazi ukuthatha imingcipheko. Uphuhliso ezizodwa ezifana imisebenzi baye phantsi kwenkqubo ngamakhoboka.

Ngelo xesha, kwakukho Ukubiyelwa angabikho kwezolimo kunye nokuchwela ke abarhwebi nabathengisi. Kakade ke, sonke ke kwakufuneka umbutho ecacileyo, uluhlu lwezibonelelo, ulawulo olusemgangathweni kunye nesakhono ukuphembelela abantu. Oku ulawulo ntoni.

Iimfundiso ixesha endala

AmaYiputa amandulo ushiye ileta, leyo baphathwa njenge thiyori ubudlelwane babantu, apho kuye kwathethwa ngayo ulawulo.

Ezi data ezifanelekileyo namhlanje. "Ukuyalela Ptahhotep" (4 amawaka. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo) okubeka phambili ingcamango yokuba intloko ukubaluleka kokuba cwaka, ephulaphula amazwi sicelo, ukuba ayeke phambi kokuba uyazisa lula umphefumlo, njengoko amashwa umntu ochaphazelekayo ufuna ngaphezu ekwakuthululwa isibetho kunokuba ukufezekisa isigqibo esihle.

AmaGrike amandulo kwakhona wahlala angazihoyi iingxaki zolawulo. UPlato wathetha ngemfuneko hlukana yabasebenzi kunye zobungcali lomsebenzi. USocrates wakhetha ulawulo njengendawo ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi yaye agxininise indawo ekhethekileyo karhulumente, ezemisebenzi, urhwebo, abantu entsimini. Kwaye ke amaRoma amandulo owasungula ingcamango lwemigangatho engqongqo, ekhutshwayo nayo evakalayo njenge ngobhalo ulawulo lobudlelwane babantu.

Ngenye imini, xa iimeko feudalism, umvelisi iphambili iimpahla ziya kuba yomsebenzi wezandla elizimeleyo kunye nabalimi. Kwaye ngoko kuphuhliswa capitalism, apho imigaqo yenkululeko nokusebenza: ukusekwa kwamaxabiso, umvuzo, umsebenzi ochaphazelekayo, ukhuphiswano.

abameli ezibalaseleyo theory ubudlelwane babantu, isigama

igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso nolawulo lwabasebenzi wenza wobusoshiyali nephupha. Owen R. ingqalelo ethile ehlawulwa into zabantu. Wenzululwazi, ngaweengcali iindlela lwezenhlalo yophuhliso yolawulo kwishishini, waba Endryu Yur. Yena ngokukodwa ezijoliswe lo matshini yabasebenzi.

Umsunguli yolawulo loluntu kugqalwa sobulumko German obalaseleyo kunye mbali M. Weber, ke, ngengqondo waseOstriya Freud Z. yaba ngunozala yesikolo psychoanalytic wenzululwazi ngabantu.

Zonke izinto ezikhuthaza imfundiso ubudlelwane babantu kulawulo, yaye iindlela ezinxulumene yahlukene ezahlukeneyo zeendlela ezintathu eziphambili:

· Uphuhliso ngokutshintshiselana ngeenkonzo nempahla ngokwemimiselo zokuphatha impahla;

· Ukudalwa ngumbutho;

· Ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo lwamaxabiso.

Ngamanye amazwi - oku kokwandiswa kobuhlobo imarike free esekelwe kwi ukulingana umvelisi kunye nomthengi, ngokokugosisa lombutho kumgaqo zabefundisi ukuyilwa inkcubeko ezithile zolawulo kunye, nezimiso zomthetho.

Of umdla kukuba isikolo lwenzululwazi theory ulawulo lobudlelwane babantu. It is a uhlelo Taylor. Wacela ingcamango wokwahlula inkqubo yokuvelisa ibe izinto ezahlukeneyo kwaye ukuchonga ndlela ilungileyo ukwenza nganye. Ukusetyenziswa kwale nkqubo kwakhokelela kumalungiselelo uxanduva entsha kwaye omtsha leeRhuluneli. Ingongoma ephambili apha uceba.

iindlela ezintsha

Phakathi kwabo, imibulelo kubo kwithiyori wobuntu kulawulo uye savela kakhulu, kukho umntu omangalisayo, njengomntwana onengqondo - M. Follett Yena wayenomdla kwezopolitiko yokuhlalisana yolawulo. Nakuba kwiminyaka yakhe omncinci Follett wasebenza in Boston yakhe, apho wafumana ubutyebi amava.

Ekuqaleni, eli theory ubudlelwane uluntu amalungiselelo:

· Inkuthazo Main abantu - iimfuno zentlalo, ubuntu babo baziva xa ulwalamano kunye nabanye;

· Ngenxa ukuhleleka revolution kushishino - umsebenzi iye yaba akuthandeki, ke ngoko, umntu efuna ulwaneliseko kubudlelwane nabanye;

· Abantu abaninzi isabela impembelelo koluntu ngokulinganayo kubo kunokuba wawu ulawulo kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo;

• Ukuba umqeshwa ebona intloko njengendlela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo, kube ulungele ukuphendula yezisusa zakhe.

Yandisa ukusebenza

theory Developed lobudlelwane babantu kunye nenzululwazi zokuziphatha kwahluka kakhulu ukusuka esikolweni lobudlelwane babantu. Ingcamango for indlela entsha - ukubonisa ubunakho umqeshwa ngokwakhe, esebenzisa ingqiqo Sciences zokuziphatha ukwakha nokulawula imibutho. Ngokubanzi, injongo yale sikolo - ukwandisa umbutho kwinqanaba ukusebenza ngoncedo nokuphakamisa ukusebenza kwabantu bokusebenza.

Olo indlela kule minyaka ingama-60 iye zithandwa kakhulu. Njengabanye, isikolo ubudlelwane babantu ngethiyori ulawulo, usebenzisa le ndlela, utsho iindlela kuphela echanekileyo zokusombulula iingxaki zolawulo. postulates zakhe wabonisa ukuba isicelo authentic kwengcamango yokuziphatha kuya kusoloko kubonakala ukusebenza komsebenzi ngamnye kunye nombutho liphela.

Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela kusebenza kuphela kwiimeko ezithile.

Ababhali waseMelika thiyori ubudlelwane babantu ingxenye ezikhuthazayo

Ukwanda nokuzimisela theory yonxulumano kwabantu ulawulo lwezabasebenzi, lwahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini:

· Enomthamo - ngokusekelwe ukukhangelwa kweemfuno;

· Ezingummiselo - ephezulu, ngokusekelwe ukuziphatha kwabantu ngokuphathelele imbono yabo kwingqiqo.

kwengqondo yaseMelika Economist, Ungumbhali ingcamango ezikhuthazayo (1954), A. Maslow (1908-1970) wayedla ngokutsho ukuba lulodwa iqhutywa umntu, kodwa imfuno yona kunye nezinga lokwaneliseka. Ngenxa yoko, imfuneko kuluhlu owayamileyo alawule phezu anelisekile ukufuduka kwabasebenzi. Isukela ezisezantsi ukuya izinto zokomoya ngaphezulu.

Maslow yaqulunqa ingcamango yokuba ngengqondo yaseMelika kunye Economist, uNjingalwazi F. Herzberg Waba ngo-1950, into-ezimbini imodeli uzimisele-ngococeko:

· Motivation libhekisela: umxholo msebenzi, impumelelo, ingqalelo, ithuba lokuphucula izakhono kunye nophuhliso lwabasebenzi;

· Ucoceko iquka: iimeko zokusebenza, imali, umlinganiselo yolawulo, ubudlelwane kweli qela.

Kuphela obanelisa ezi zinto ziza kukhokelela ekwandeni ukusebenza lomqeshwa.

into abantu

Imfundiso ubudlelwane babantu humanistic, isosioloji anthropocentric kunye umbutho nolawulo kunye mentalizing ibingenamongo ngokwaneleyo.

Njengenxalenye oko ingcamango isikolo ubudlelwane babantu, imigaqo kakhulu isicelo ngokupheleleyo kunye nophuhliso nobuchule abasebenzi ukucombulula iingxaki zabo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno yoyilo, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela self-ulungiselelo, ulawulo lwangaphakathi, humanization yomsebenzi, zivuse iinkqubo ze amandla omanyano lweqela kunye nolawulo lwentando yesininzi.

Xa psychology, i "into abantu" libhekisela kumntu, iqela, uluntu kunye noluntu, uthathwa zifakiwe kwinkqubo yolawulo kunye nokumisela ukhuphiswano, ukusebenza lo mbutho. Eli hlabathi engaphakathi emntwini, iimfuno zakhe, isimo sengqondo, izinto, amava, njalo njalo. N. Esebenzisa le ndlela, iindleko abasebenzi azithathwa nje iindleko kodwa njengento yexabiso ekufuneka zisetyenziswe ngendlela eyiyo.

Concepts of Alfred kunye McClelland

Ngethiyori, inzululwazi zokuziphatha, ukongeza ingqikelelo Maslow A., ngakumbi ethandwayo ezimbini: Alfred K. (ubukho imfuno, ukukhula kunye nonxibelelwano) kunye D. McClelland (amandla, impumelelo, ukubandakanyeka).

Ukungaboni Alfred ingqikelelo kwethiyori Maslow esithi:

· Movement kwiqela elinegunya kunokuba bottom-up, and vice versa, ukuba ngaba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno nqanaba liphezulu;

· Ukubakho imigca emibini inika amathuba ezongezelelweyo ukuze nezizathu.

concept Katolika McClelland ukusuka Maslow: iimfuno hayi aphantsi kwayo iqela, nokuba nefuthe enye.

Postulates MacGregor

Ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso imfundiso theory ubudlelwane njengomntu MacGregor «X / Y». Postulates «X»:

· Umntu kufuneka kunyanzeleka ukuba asebenze kude izohlwayo;

· Abantu abafuni ukuba uxanduva, ngoko ke zikhethe ukuba phantsi kolwalathiso;

· Umntu amampunge encinane kunye inkulu imfuneko yayo ngokuqinisekileyo elizayo yosuku.

Postulates of the "U":

· Umntu ezinxulumene nomsebenzi khula nge namava;

· Ukuba ngaba umntu lowo ukulungele ukuba ukuphuhlisa uthathe uxanduva ukufezekisa injongo - it yakha ukuzeyisa kwaye ayifuni esweni rhoqo, kodwa kuba oku kuyimfuneko ukudala iimeko.

Ngokusekelwe kwi «X / Y», ezi ephikisanayo, wadala iindlela ezimbini ulawulo lwabasebenzi - style yedwa neyedemokrasi zobunkokeli.

Imfundiso «X» zinezibonelelo ezininzi. Kurt Levin, ezincina indlela impembelelo zengqondo ukukhokela nemiba yoko ke, kuphuhliswa izigqibo: ulawulo ngegqudu iphumelela ngaphezu kokuba umntu lwentando yesininzi.

Kodwa xa kukho licandelo encinci zokudala, ukuba nentsusa kwento, nobuhlobo kukho intsebenziswano encinane, amahlwempu, groupthink ongaphuhliswanga. Ukongeza, kukho njengokubonisa uchuku zombini ulawulo kumalungu eqela, kukho unxunguphalo, ukudandatheka kunye nokuziphatha nibalulamele.

Icandelo ezikhuthazayo kwaye undoqo theory ubudlelwane babantu "Y" ijolise ekukhuthazeni amalungu eqela lokuzimela actualization, nto leyo iba umhlaba izinto nenengqiqo. loo nkqubo wolawulo asinto ukumnika umqeshwa okwisikhundla sokuba inkqubo engqongqo, kunye yingxenye iqela labasebenzi.

Oku kubonisa ukuba izenzo zolawulo kufuneka bakhuthazwe ukuba ilungu ngalinye iqela ukuze baphumeze iinjongo zabo, phantsi komqathango wokuba bekuya kuba lo msebenzi ngempumelelo lo mbutho.

Theory and Modernity

Kweli xesha lokugqibela ekuphuhliseni imfundiso «Z» (umbhali - i-University of California Professor Ouchi V.).

Western School of Management (Human Resources) lithathe elide imilo. Oku kuquka imisebenzi ngu Douglas J., Klein S., D. uHunt kunye nezinye izazinzulu. concept lwabasebenzi - ngumfanekiso theoretical ngemeko apho yayibaluleke kwi ukukwazi ukukhuphisana kumashishini ezininzi ngezinga eliphezulu izixhobo obuchwepheshe abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, amanqanaba zenkuthazo, iifomu zombutho, kunye nezinye izinto, yintoni kugqiba ngobuchule lwabasebenzi.

Igunya phezu kwabasebenzi, Shane E., uchaza ukuba imisebenzi yolawulo nkqubo ilandelayo kule ndawo:

· Uhlalutyo iingxaki lezabasebenzi yombutho wayo, uvavanyo ngezakhono kwabasebenzi, yokugaya kunye nokudalwa yeqela ukusebenza;

· Ulawulo ngqo: uphawu wenza imiyalelo, inkuthazo zemali, sinyuka leri umsebenzi, ucwangciso umsebenzi, uphuhliso lwezakhono;

· Ukuphucula ubume besebe, abasebenzi ulawulo inkqubo, uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa ezizezinye kunye nomvuzo efanelekileyo;

· Wezulu uguqulelo kancinane, ngokutsha kwabasebenzi, ukuphunyezwa utshintsho ubunjani kulawulo yabasebenzi.

Eli ingqiqo ulawulo lwabasebenzi mihla ukutyala abatsha, ukwenzela ukulungiswa umthamo ukusebenza, uphuhliso lobungcali kunye noqeqesho, iimeko ukutyhileka iidiphozithi ziye aphuhle kwezoqoqosho.

Le ndawo esingundoqo: ngokutsha somvuzo-womsebenzi njengesibonelelo ephambili kwimveliso, ukwaliwa ngezimvo ukuba amandla okusebenza - Ubuncwane ukulwa engadingi ukuba utyalo-mali, kunye neengxaki kwintlangano yomqeshi. Abasebenzi ungenza ukudala ingeniso kumnini, ixabiso elandelwayo exhomekeke kule yokusebenza, ubude kunye nokusebenza nabantu.