Yintoni ephosakeleyo - iimbali zembali kunye neengcinga zanamhlanje

Yintoni ephosakeleyo ngolwazi, lusetyenziswe kungekhona nje ukwanelisa ukoma kolwazi lomfundi ofuna ukubuza, kodwa nokuba nesicelo esisebenzayo kubantu abanemisebenzi enxulumene nesidingo sokuqonda kunye nokuqhuba umthamo omkhulu wokubhala umbhalo.

Ingemvelaphi yomlando wemvelaphi ye-cursive

I-alfabhethi, eyadalwa ngekhulu le-9 ngokulandelwa komlawuli waseByzantium ngabazalwana bakaCyril noMethodius, kwakufuneka isetyenziswe ukuguqulela iincwadi zesiGrike ezenzululwazi ngesiSlavonic. Kodwa ukucaca nokulula kokusebenzisa inkqubo yeselwimi yezandla ze-Cyrillic alfabhethi kukukhuthaza ukusabalalisa ngokukhawuleza nangokubanzi kwenkqubo yeslayidi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kungekuphela kwenkcubeko yonqulo, kodwa nakwizinga lemihla ngemihla kunye nezoshishino.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-10 i- Slavic alfabhethi yaqala ukusetyenziswa kwintsimi yaseburhulumenteni yaseRashiya njengelwimi lecawa. Ulwimi oludala lweSlavonic lugqithisa kancane phantsi kwefuthe lentetho ye-Slavonic yaseMpumalanga , eyazisa izinto ezintsha.

Imibhalo yesandla esaphila ivumele ukuba izazinzulu zilandele ukuveliswa kweempawu ze-Cyrillic. Amanqanaba okuguqulwa kwefonti yaseRussia yaseNdala iquka incwadi ebhaliweyo (imibhalo yesandla endala kunazo zonke ibuyele ekhulwini le-11), incwadi-ncwadana eyayisetyenziswe kwiphondo le-14 kwaye yaba yintampu yefayili yeencwadi zokuqala ezipapashwe eRussia, kunye ne-cursive eyayibonakala ngokukhawuleza kunye nexesha lesigxina.

Amanyathelo okuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zesiRashiya

Umbhalo wasendulo waseRashiya wokubhaliweyo wabonakala njengento ebalulekileyo yileta yezoshishino, kodwa ngokukhawuleza kwagqitywa kakhulu. Yintoni ebhaliweyo yokubhala, yaziwa ngabantu abaninzi, kwaye yayisetyenziswe kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.

Ngethuba le-16 nele-17 leminyaka, ukubhala okubhaliweyo kwaba yimizekelo ebhaliweyo kunye nohlobo olubhaliweyo, ezinye izinto ezazingatshintshi ngexesha lethu.

Iimpawu eziphambili zolawulo

I-Cursive ineenombolo ezikhethekileyo. Uhlobo oluphambili oluvela kwezinye iintlobo zeencwadi zakudala zaseRussia zazingagqityiwanga ngokupheleleyo ukukhishwa kwemijimethri yeempawu, ukulula okubalulekileyo kokubhala kwincwadi yeeklasi, ukulungelelana kunye nesantya somfanekiso. Ubume beempawu ziyahlukahluke, ukubhalwa kwamagama aphezulu kunye nezantsi kunobumba, ukubhalwa kweempawu kubangele imivimbo, izibizo, ukudela okudlula ngaphaya komgca, kunye nokubambisana ngokukodwa kwamagama kubonakala.

Umnqweno wokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokubhala ngokukhawuleza kwakhokelela kwinkululeko enkulu kunye nokulula kokubhala iileta, ukubonakala kwemifanekiso eyahlukileyo (ukubhalwa ngesandla), ukuhlanganiswa kwemigca yokubhala.

Ulwaphulo lwabantu

Ngesiqingatha sokuqala sekhulu le-18, ukubunjwa kwe-cursive, okubizwa ngokuba ngabadumi be-Russian Old, kufike ekupheleni. Isigaba esilandelayo sokuphuhliswa kokubhala okubhaliweyo kuqala eRashiya, kamva safumana igama lombutho. Kubonakala ngokulula nokulingana kwenkcazo, ukupheliswa kwezinto ezithile, ukufundeka okukhulu.

Kwixesha lokuhlaziywa olwenziwa nguPetros I ngasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, iileta ezili-10 ezivela kwi-alfabhethi zanyamalala kwaye ezine zavela (E, Y, Y, Y), zachithwa. Kwakukho ukubhala okuhlukeneyo kwamagama kunye neengongoma, inkqubo yokuphuhlisa imali iphuhliswa .

Ukubonakala kwencwadi elula, elula kwaye eqondakalayo yabangela ukuphuhliswa kweencwadi zaseRashiya, ukusasazeka kokufunda nokubhala. Imfono esetyenzisiweyo kubalo yoluntu isetyenziselwa ukuprintwa kwemisebenzi yokubhala, imisebenzi yesayensi, amaxwebhu karhulumente, izikhalazo.

Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lobalo lwabantu luchaphazeleka yimpembelelo yenkqubo yesiLatini ebhaliweyo. Kuphakathi kwexesha le-19 leminyaka kwakhiwa ukubhala okubhaliweyo, ifowuni esetyenziswayo ingatshintshi namhlanje.

Yiyiphi ihlazo namhlanje?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala ngokubhaliweyo, ngokusekelwe ekusebenziseni iinkqubo zamagama abhalwe phantsi - iimpawu, izifinyezo, izifinyezo. I-Shorthand, i-cursive, i-semantography, i-note-writing - iindlela zokubhala ngokubhaliweyo, ezibonakaliswe ngendlela yokubhala, usebenzisa iindlela ezithile zokubonisa, injongo.

Ukuguqulwa kokuguqulelwa

Ngokubhekiselele ekuguquleleni, umbuzo woluphi uhlobo olusisigxina, lunye lwezinto ezisisiseko ekuphunyezweni kokuguqulelwa okufanelekileyo, ngokukodwa ngokulandelana ngomlomo.

Ngokungafani nokufutshane, okuyiyo irekhodi yokubhala, okanye isishwankathelo esisekelwe kukubhalwa okubhaliweyo kweyona nto eyona nto, ukuguqulwa kokuguqulela kukuba, ngokwenene, inkumbulo encedisayo yokugcina isicatshulwa ngaphandle komthwalo obalulekileyo. Kunceda ukunciphisa ilahleko zolwazi xa uguqulela imiyalezo yomlomo omkhulu. I-cursive esetyenziselwa ukuguqulela ayiyilungiselelo elilula lobhaliweyo, kodwa lihambelana nokuqonda ngokuzimeleyo ukugqamisa nokudlulisa ulwazi oluphambili lomyalezo.

Izinto ezisisiseko zeendlela

Imigaqo eyisiseko kunye nobuchule apho ubalo lwabafundi bomhlaba wonke lusekelwe khona kubandakanya ukukhethwa kwamagama kunye nomthwalo omkhulu we-semantic, inkqubo ethile yokurekhoda, ukugqitywa kokurekhoda kwezikhalazi phakathi kwamagama, kunye neendlela zokubhaliweyo eziphindwe kabini, ukusetyenziswa kweempawu endaweni yokubhala iileta zokurekhoda i-semantic support.

Ukuva nokusebenza kakuhle kweempawu kukukhawuleza kwenkcazo, ukucaca, ukukwazi ukugxila ingqalelo kwimixholo yombhalo kwinqanaba lokujonga. Umguquleli ngamnye uzimisela ukhetho lweempawu zakhe, ngokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa iziqulatho zakhe ezingeelwimi.

Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokurekhoda kwekhawulezi ngokukhawuleza kukulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe. Nangona kunjalo, kwiingcali ezisebenzayo ekuguquleleni, ukwazi ukuba yintoni ebhaliweyo yokubhala, ingqina lokusebenza kwabo.