UN History of Creation kunye Ulwakhiwo

IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo njenge isimiso kwithuba elide ngokwaneleyo. Ngemvelaphi ye-UN yaqala emva kwiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo. It wadalwa njengendlela ukulungiselela ulawulo ngendlela eyiyo kuluntu jikelele. Imbali UN izigaba indalo.

Le mibutho yokuqala phakathi korhulumente kunye jikelele baqala ukuthatha imilo phakathi kwenkulungwane-yeshumi elinesithoba. Le nto ke ibangwa ukuyilwa emva neziphithiphithi ithi ukufuna inkululeko, kunye nanjengoko iimpumelelo lophuhliso lwenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ulwalamano ithi. UN imbali yendalo luqinisekiswa kakhulu ezi zinto.

iinkqubo Integration baye baqala ukungena kuqoqosho kwamazwe amaninzi kuphuhliswa e-Europe. Kule nkalo, kwaye kwakukho uhlobo olutsha hlobo yonxulumano phakathi kukaRhulumente, imibutho karhulumente.

I-UN unembali puzzle ezininzi. imibuzo emininzi malunga inkangeleko yalo kude kube namhlanje kuhlala zinokuphikiswa. Imbali kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaqala iimfazwe, kuquka ihlabathi ezimbini. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni umnqweno lwamazwe ukuyila umbutho ngamazwe ayikho kwezoqoqosho, kunye nesifundo ezopolitiko ukuze kuthintelwe iimfazwe olunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo. Idrafti yokuqala yesi sicwangciso lwaqhutywa xa usenza yona kuqala uManyano of Nations (1919). Noko ke, ayikwazanga ukungqina ukusebenza kwayo. Oku bekubonakala ukususela ekuqaleni Second World War. Le imfazwe iye nefuthe ongqingqwa phulo uluntu kunye norhulumente malunga umbutho lokhuseleko noxolo.

Bathi ngokuba ngubani na ke wokuqala namahlakani wenze isindululo malunga nokusekwa weZizwe eziManyeneyo. UN imbali indalo ukusuka kwindawo yokucingela mbali Western yaqala i- Atlantic Charter, Roosevelt kunye Churchill, esatyikitywa ngowe-1941, ngomhla we-14 Agasti. izazinzulu Soviet wambiza kolu xwebhu njenge isibhengezo yiSoviet-Polish ka-1941, ukususela 04 kuDisemba.

Akukho ukungavumelani kwi umbuzo wokuba yintoni na inqanaba ubalulekileyo ekudalweni leZizwe eziManyeneyo yaqala ngo-1943. October 30 nyaka, nesibhengezo sasayinwa ngabameli USA, waseUSSR, China kunye UK. I-Declaration wamemezela ngokwamkela imfuneko yokuseka kumbutho jikelele ngamazwe, ogama Injongo kukuba kugcinwe ukhuseleko noxolo kwamanye amazwe. I-Declaration on ukulingana zonke iintlanga uxolo kunye nelungelo labo lokuba inxaxheba ekudalweni kumazwe Union International.

Kwaloo Isigqibo ukuseka i weZizwe eziManyeneyo senziwe kwi kwinkomfa Yalta kwi eCrimea, iinkokheli anti-uHitler kaolitsiya. Kuye kwasayinwa iosif Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt kunye Winston Churchill. Yaba kule nkomfa, eyayibanjelwe 4-11 Februwari 1945 zaye laliqulunqwe-siseko engundoqo imisebenzi UN, sizimisele isakhiwo sayo kunye nemisebenzi.

UN imbali kwendalo kunye nesakhiwo basebenza ngaphandle ngokuthe ngcembe. Sele ephantsi UN Charter waseka amalungu asisiseko umzimba yehlabathi. Yeyona yiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, iBhunga lenkqubo yezizwe, iBhunga lezoKhuseleko, looNobhala kunye International Court of Justice, iBhunga lezoQoqosho nezeNtlalo.

Ukongeza, itshata kuvunyelwa ngemvume kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuseka enye intlangano self-ezilawulwa. Phantsi kwale nto, iBhunga lezoKhuseleko waseka ibutho yokugcinwa.

Ngo-Apreli 1945, San Francisco kwaqhutywa inkomfa UN ekuveliseni tshata. Oku kuyo kwakukho iindwendwe ezivela kumazwe angama-50. Ngokusesikweni, kula maphepha weza ukusebenza-Oktobha 24, 1945, ngoko ke lo mhla kucingwa umhla wokuzalwa leZizwe eziManyeneyo.

Ukususela ngo-1946, esebenza umzimba ezikhethekileyo - i-UNESCO (World Organisation weZizwe eziManyeneyo kwimiba inzululwazi, inkcubeko kunye nemfundo), nto leyo ise-Paris.

Ngowe-1948, i-General Assembly yamkela nkcazo-jikelele engeemfanelo zoluntu, eziye gca onke amalungelo abantu bonke, kuquka amalungelo asisiseko ubomi, inkululeko, nokhuseleko lomntu, kwipropati yabucala, njalo njalo.

Ngo-1948 i-UN wadala uthumo esikhethekileyo ukukhusela izilwanyana ezisengozini kunye nezityalo, abandinyelise ngawo ngembali Book Red yaqala.

Namhlanje, i-UN kuquka amazwe 192.