Eyona engundoqo izigaba zophuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo ulwazi

Kuphuhliso loluntu mihla ivele rhoqo ezahlukahlukeneyo utshintsho ulwazi isigaba, yaye ezinye kubizwa ngokuba revolution lokwenyaniso. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abazi nokuba uyazi amanqanaba asisiseko uphuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye neencwadi ezinika ingcaciso.

Yintoni le yeenguqu?

I-revolution lokuqala akhankanywe intshayelelo lokubhala, kuba eye wavumela abantu ukuba Ukuqokelela emva koko basasaze ulwazi ezifunyenweyo. Izigaba zophuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo ulwazi kuvela oko ngembalelwano, njengoko ngaphandle kwalo, bekuya kuba nzima ukuphumeza into esaziyo namhlanje.

I-revolution yesibini kwenzeka phakathi kwinkulungwane XVI kwaye yazo. Abantu, kwabakho imfuneko yokuba bakwazi ukunika ubunzima-zifikeleleke ulwazi, anayigcina nje ngandlela ithile. Literacy lwaya ngakumbi ezixandileyo nesenzeko, leyo layigubungela izihlwele ezibanzi zabantu. Kwakhona, kwakukho ukukhawulezisa ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kubuchwepheshe kunye lwezenzululwazi inkqubela, nto leyo ekugqibeleni iye yakhokelela sesona sisombululo mveliso, baye benza igalelo elibonakalayo kwi izigaba zophuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye neencwadi ezinika ingcaciso. Iincwadi sawela ngokupheleleyo imida yelizwe ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela kokuqala ukuyilwa lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu.

revolution wesithathu - na unxibelelwano inkqubela ebonakalayo ezizodwa. Ezi amanqanaba zophuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo ulwazi, ngathi yimbonakalo yefowuni, oonomathotholo kusungulwe wenza kube lula ngokukhawuleza nokudlulisela inkcazelo ethile nayiphi na umgama, kangangokuba waqalisa ukusetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke indawo.

INguqu yesine - na ukuvela kweekhompyutha zobuqu kunye microprocessors. Ngokuhamba kwexesha endiyibumbileyo ngomnxeba yekhompyutha ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eyabangela kakhulu iinkqubo wophendlo kunye nokugcinwa. Izigaba ezingundoqo zophuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo ulwazi ngabaqumbisi utshintsho ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni uluntu namhlanje, kangangokuba waqalisa ukuba kuthiwe "ulwazi".

Yintoni na uluntu ulwazi?

Libutho apho uninzi lwabantu abathatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi wabo enxulumene nokugcinwa, imveliso, inkqubo kunye wathengisa iintlobo ulwazi, kuquka ukwazi eyona nto. Ulwazi namhlanje ngumbandela yokusebenzisa jikelele, kunye noluntu mihla ivumela naliphi na iqumrhu ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo nawuphi na umthombo data. Ngelixesha ekuqaleni ukuvela iikhrayitheriya ezintsha ngakumbi nangakumbi lokuhlola inqanaba nophuhliso loluntu, ezifana njengenani iindibaniso kwi Internet, iikhompyutha, esisigxina kunye mobile phones, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

kwahluke njani?

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umahluko ezimbalwa esisiseko ezafumana uluntu ulwazi emva badlula kumanqanaba eziphambili kuphuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo ulwazi:

• kakhulu kwandisa indima yokuba ulwazi kunye nobuchwephesha olufanelekileyo ebomini;
• ukwanda kwinani labantu omsebenzi wakhe inxulumene ngqo nobuchwepheshe ulwazi, unxibelelwano, kunye neenkonzo ezinxulumene lokuvelisa kunye neemveliso, ngokunjalo kwandiswa isabelo sawo kwimveliso yasekhaya lwamazwe aphuhlileyo;
• kwandisa ebizwa njalo- informatization oluntu ngenxa yokuba abaninzi ngakumbi ekuqaleni iikhompyutha ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi, iifowuni, kunye elektroniki kunye zemveli;
• kwakukho jikelele isithuba ulwazi, ngalo kuqinisekise ukufumaneka ukufikelela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kukho unxibelelwano olululo, yaye uwuzalisayo ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zoluntu zalamaxesha ezahlukeneyo iinkonzo kunye neemveliso;
• ngcembe kusenzeka Uqoqosho lolwazi, e-idemokhrasi, kwakunye kwimarike lwedijithali, kuthungelwano kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo.

Le mbono "uluntu ulwazi" yaphuhliswa 80s. I-revolution ngeengcingo imvelaphi yayo yee-70s yaye zidibana kunye khompyutha, leyo, enyanisweni, yaqala ngaphambili kakhulu kwaye kananjalo naniqhubeka kwizigaba eziliqela.

Njani le revolution computer?

Development of izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo ulwazi candelo lezobuchwepheshe computer imvelaphi yayo emva kwi-30 lwekhulu lokugqibela, yaye eli nqanaba libizwa ngokuba "zero kumjikelo". ukuqala layo kukuphuhlisa iikhompyutha zokuqala ngekhompyutha, apho endaweni kwamalungu esiqhelo ngomatshini baqalisa ukusebenzisa neetyhubhu ze electron ezizodwa.

Inqanaba lesibini - nokudalwa iikhompyutha zobuqu yokuqala, ezithi zisetyenziswe njengenxenye iziphaluka ezihlangeneyo, kwakunye imveliso zakhe zokuqhubela phambili.

I uthungelwano revolution

Kunzima ukutsho oko amanqanaba zophuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo ulwazi wenza ifuthe libaluleke kakhulu, kodwa indawo ekhethekileyo kunikwa ngomnxeba revolution, izinto ezo ezenzeka emva ukuvela satellite kunye kobuchwepheshe-optic.

Ngokuncedisana ye computer kunye technologies zonxibelelwano kuye kwasekwa emarikeni inani iinkonzo ezintsha kunye neemveliso, kwaye namhlanje yenye kumacandelo ngundoqo kwimiba ephambili ebalulekileyo anoqoqosho phambili. Abaninzi bathi kuyimfuneko ukuba ngokuqhubekayo ukuzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo yabathengi, kwaye endaweni uthathe ezahlukeneyo iimveliso iinkcukacha yokuthengisa kwaye esuke Ubutyebi besizwe.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ixabiso information technology liphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa impahla yabathengi, kangangokuba kumazwe aphuhlileyo befumene umgangatho ophezulu hlobo lokuphila. Abaninzi namhlanje musa ukuba iqondo lwe inkokheli zopolitiko ehlabathini namhlanje kuxhomekeke ikakhulu koko amanqanaba eziphambili kuphuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo inkcazelo edluliselwa kaRhulumente kunye nendlela esebenzayo isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ezizodwa.

Yeyiphi wanika umanyano kobuchwepheshe?

Ngenxa yokuba le uthungelwano kunye nekhompyutha revolution ladityaniswa kunye namanye, baza baqalisa ukwenza uthungelwano etyhutyha emikhulu, kuquka nje jikelele. Ngezi computer inikeza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu search, ukudluliselwa kunye nokulungisa zonke iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo.

Phantsi imithombo yolwazi kule meko inika ulwazi irekhodwa izinto othwala ethile yaye kamva agcinwe kwiinkqubo ezizodwa, ezifana iibhanki ezahlukeneyo, imali, oovimba kunye namathala eencwadi. Umnini ngumthombo wengcaciso na umntu omnye okanye iqela elithile labantu, inkampani, ummandla, isixeko, ilizwe okanye kwihlabathi liphela. Le resource yimveliso ngemisebenzi nxalenye abafanelekayo yoluntu namhlanje.

Yintoni umahluko?

kukho umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kolwazi kunye nezinye izibonelelo - zonke izibonelelo unyamalale ngokupheleleyo emva ukusetyenziswa, ngoxa inani engenasiphelo kwaye akupheli ngamaxesha, okanye ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka ukhutshelwe ngaphandle izithintelo enokusetyenziswa. Ngaphezu koko, ezi zibonelelo angandiswa, ngokuba ngokusebenzisa iinkcukacha kunqabile akafuni ngokupheleleyo kwindalo kwaye uninzi amatyala kukhokelela inkcazelo engakumbi.

Ntoni na ke?

Izigaba zophuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo ulwazi kwimbali amatakane iintlobo ezimbini imithombo yedatha - karhulumente kunye nawabucala. Kuxhomekeka ukufikelela kuluhlu data ngokwayo ngexesha elifanayo zahlulwe zibe evulekileyo nanyiniweyo. Ngenxa yoko, udidi yokugqibela yahlulwe ulwazi ukuya iimfihlakalo karhulumente kunye neenkcukacha eziyimfihlo nje.

Yintoni eyabangela ukuba uphuhliso?

Abaninzi namhlanje abayazi into kukho amanqanaba kuphuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye neencwadi ezinika ingcaciso. Imbali ithi inkcazelo wayila esayensi aye waba nempembelelo sinamandla kakhulu uphuculo kunye nophuhliso impucuko jikelele. Ngokukodwa, edibana ngayo kuphuhliso ivili, i-injini, ukuvulwa umbane, amandla enyukliya kunye nabanye basebaninzi. Iinkqubo ze utshintsho olubalulekileyo uhlobo zemveliso, nto leyo ikhokelele ezifunyaniswe ezithile kwizifundo zesayensi, ebizwa ngokuba revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe.

izigaba

Emva Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane lokugqibela kwakukho lobunjineli computer, liye laba eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule revolution. Ngenxa yoko, nathi phawula izigaba ezithathu eziphambili:

• Ukudalwa computer yokuqala ngo-1945. Phantse kangangeminyaka engama-30, iikhompyutha ziye zasetyenziswa inani elincinane labantu, yaye ngokusisiseko ke kufunyanwa kuphela kwimveliso kunye nenzululwazi.
• Nokufika iikhompyutha yobuqu kwi 70s. PC ziye kakhulu, ngokubanzi kakhulu kusetyenziselwa kuphela entsimini mveliso zobunzulu lwazi, kodwa inkonzo, imfundo kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngoko, ekuhambeni kwexesha, iikhompyutha baye isifundo yobomi bemihla ngemihla ezifana zombane zasekhaya kumigangatho onjalo njengokuba iiseti zikamabonwakude okanye eziswa.
• Kokusungulwa kwe Internet - uthungelwano computer lwehlabathi. Emva kokuba imbonakalo "web ihlabathi jikelele" ikhompyutha, nto leyo obekwe kwi idesika encinane umntu ngamnye waba window ehlabathini enkulu ulwazi. Ngesi sigaba kwaqala ukuvela ingqiqo ezifana "kwi" okanye "isithuba inkcazelo ehlabathini." Yeyona abantu emva kokufika Internet angaqala ukucinga malunga nento yokuba kwimbali impucuko usifundise ukuba ibakala 'uluntu iinkcukacha-ebomini. "

Abaninzi bathi kukho amabakala ezine zophuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo ulwazi, kodwa usebenza oko iqondo elikhulu kuseko becomputing yeli xesha.

Njengokuba ubuchwepheshe computer siye savela?

Le khompyutha sesona sixhobo iphambili computerization. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kukho amanqanaba 4 zophuhliso izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezibonelelo ulwazi, ezinxulumene ngqo computing:

• Manual. Eli nqanaba libizwa isekelwe phezu nokusetyenziswa iminwe neenzwane. ulondolozo akhawunti usebenzisa Ukutshintshwa kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqela Ubala ngomhla owandulela abacus - uphuhliso isixhobo yamandulo ukubala. Njengoko isifaniso, esi sixhobo kungabangela amanqaku, ezisetyenziswa ngabanye abantu namhlanje.
• Iikhompyutha nezixhobo. izixhobo ziye wabonakala ngenxa kuphuhliso elibalulekileyo ukukhanda kwinkulungwane XVII, elavela ngenxa indlela ubalo ngoomatshini. Ngaloo ndlela, kwakukho umatshini ukudibanisa ngomatshini, Pascal wasungula umfuziselo ezisibhozo umatshini ukubala summation, lo gama Leibniz ayila ebizwa ngokuba yi-umatshini kuqala ukudibanisa apho unako ukwenza yonke imisebenzi ezine arithmetic.
• Electromechanical. Eli nyathelo lo mncinane nje wahlala iminyaka engama-60, ukususela ukuvela oomatshini zokuqala electromechanical nesiphelo lokusekwa kwizakhiwo yokuqala wokubala-analytical equlathe kubume bayo umatshini hlengisa, tabulator kunye umthwalo manual. Ngokukodwa, imveliso yokugqibela sele ezisetyenziselwa ukusebenza iziphumo zobalo kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kuquka naseRashiya.
• Electronic. It linxulunyaniswa kokufika elektroniki computer, ebizwa ENIAC ngo-1945. Kwimbali uphuhliso olungaphezulu ikhompyutha isigqibo sokwabela izizukulwana ezininzi, nganye eneyazo uneempawu zawo ezizodwa neempawu.

Ngoko ke, zonke inyathelo single wenza igalelo layo kuphuhliso lolwazi mihla technology kunye ukuyilwa uluntu esikwaziyo namhlanje.