Uninzi capital wasezintabeni zehlabathi. ilizwe esiluhlaza kunye nesixeko

Ukuphakama (ngoko ekuthiwa ukuphakama ingundoqo) - ukuphakama kwinqanaba ngaphantsi komhlaba ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Olu phawu kunceda qondile nesalamane indawo into eya yamanqaku ewonke geodetic. Uninzi capital wasezintabeni yehlabathi sele kumazwekazi ezahlukeneyo, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo isiqabu, kodwa ke ixabiso zomhlaba iziko isixeko ivumela yinjongo ukuzihlela ukuze nobukhulu.

Quito (Ecuador) - 2850 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle

Kongama eyinkunzi yase maxa wambi uphikise capital ezinobunyaniso (kodwa hayi siseko) of Bolivia, La Paz -. Isixeko imi ephakeme m 3640 Ngokusemthethweni it kuyinto is San Francisco de Quito le vysokoraspolozhennoy eyinkunzi esemthethweni zehlabathi.

Centre of the capital yase intaba iphezulu nje kuphela, kodwa enye ingqiqo zokwakha kunye nembali kakhulu ezixabisekileyo. Kunye ne-Polish Krakow wabhengezwa okokuqala ngo-1978, into zelifa lenkcubeko ukubaluleka zehlabathi. UNESCO Commission kuhlolwa ulondolozo ezilungileyo izakhiwo abachatshazelwa lutshintsho ezincinane ukususela ekusekweni mzi 1556.

Namhlanje e Quito kummandla 372 km ² eziphilayo abantu abazizigidi 2,67 - isisixeko yesibini ngobukhulu kweli lizwe, iziko kwezopolitiko, kwezenkcubeko nakwezoqoqosho yokwenene Ecuador. Zidlala indima enkulu kubomi kwelizwekazi - endhawini ka Quito kwikomkhulu kweManyano yoMzantsi American Nations.

Sucre (Bolivia) - 2810 m

Igosa (siseko) isixeko iphambili Bolivia alindele zibandakanyiwe elikomkhulu kakhulu weentaba ehlabathini. Nangona-arhente zikarhulumente enkulu Sucre, kwakukho kuphela kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo, yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo izixeko elizweni. Elesithandathu labantu (malunga 300 amawaka), oko kumbindi kwisebe Chuquisaca.

Yasekwa ngonyaka ka-1538 phantsi kwegama Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo (Silver City New Toledo), Sucre abe elidlulileyo elinzima kwimbali zatshintsha igama eziliqela layo. Igama yangoku nanako 1839 imbeko inkokeli eBolivia revolution Antonio José de Sucre, owaba ngumongameli wokuqala weli lizwe.

Njengabo bonke umzi omkhulu-kwendawo, Sucre ibekwe kwindawo elihle kakhulu. Kunye ezikhumbuzo kakuhle abalondolozwa lwezakhiwo eyenza kube nomtsalane ngakumbi abakhenkethi abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Thimphu (butane) - 2648 m

Elikomkhulu uBukumkani Bhutan, phakathi Indiya kunye neTshayina, iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo Kathmandu (Nepal) - ikomkhulu omnye karhulumente ukuba ulahlekile phakathi kweentaba aphezulu zehlabathi - malayas. Isiqingatha kummandla yelizwe (384 000 ^km2) ibekwe ngasentla 3000 m, isahlulo sesihlanu sayo kuko igutyungelwe lasebusika angunaphakade ezihambayo.

Thimphu saba likomkhulu ubukumkani Ukususela ngowe-1952, xa weemonki kwakhiwa kwinkulungwane XIII, babekwa imizimba eziphambili okuwisa imithetho elawulayo Bhutan. Namhlanje ke yokuhlala esemthethweni intloko yangoku karhulumente - King Jigme Singye Wangchuck kunye nenkokeli yonqulo, ebizwa ngokuba 'uku Khenpo. Kwisixeko elikomkhulu ubukumkani, kukho abemi malunga 100 000.

Bogota (Colombia) - 2625 m

Bogota - a sixeko ngokwenene. Le yenye yezixeko ezinkulu zifakiwe kwi elikomkhulu kakhulu weentaba ehlabathini enye neenkokeli loMzantsi Melika kummandla kunye nabantu. Ngowe-2015, kwakukho abantu malunga 8.5 million, kunye nokukhula lomgadi inani iindwendwe entsha.

Uqhekekile umzi omi phezu kucace ukuba yinxalenye ihewu elikhulu eliphezulu iAltiplano, nto leyo ifumaneka phakathi Cordilleras. Lo mmandla ithathwa ezithandwa ziinyikima. Nangona Bogota iphantse zero inkululeko kwi-ikhweyitha, ngenxa yokuba indawo ephakeme akukho ubushushu. Kwindawo engqongileyo kwasekwa indawo ezizodwa zemvelo, uhlobo ethafeni, kakuhle ulimo.

Ikomkhulu Colombian yasekwa ngo-1536 yi umnqobi odumileyo Spanish Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Yayiliziko omzabalazo wenkululeko, ukuba unenzondelelo iingxabano ezininzi lwangaphakathi. Bogota namhlanje - iziko enamandla yezoqoqosho neyenkcubeko lizwe lonke eli lizwekazi, leyo elula. Uphuhliso evumelanayo lwezibonelelo - kowona msebenzi abajongene zonke iingqukuva eziphambili zehlabathi. Uluhlu iingxaki isixeko de kutshanje iphethwe solwaphulo eziphakamileyo, kodwa ngenxa iintshukumo awalithabathayo abasemagunyeni, walahlekelwa kabukhali.

Esi sixeko luphawu bokuhlala lonke kwisahlulo Umzantsi Melika likaThixo kwiindawo eziliqela kunye nobume yezentlalo noqoqosho ezahlukeneyo zabemi. Abemi kubumelwane abazizityebi ukuhlawula irhafu ezongezelelweyo ukuxhasa abahlala ematyotyombeni.

Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) - 2355 m

Le dolophu, ogama ukusuka kulwimi omnye kwiintlanga - Amhara - eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "intyatyambo omtsha", kudlala indima ebalulekileyo elikomkhulu State of the African Union. Abemi izinga lokukhula eliyi-4% ngonyaka ngamnye kwaye abantu abamalunga nama-3.5 million.

I-capital Ethiopian imi emazantsi eNtaba Entoto, ukususela njengokuphakama 2326 m kufuphi Airport International Bole kunye kubude ngaphezu 3,000 m kumntla. Ukudityaniswa zomhlaba ophezulu kunye nezowuni sentshinyela yenza kakuhle imozulu, xa kuthelekiswa kunye neendawo nezihlambo zazo Afrika.

Waseka Addis Ababa ngo-1886 woMlawuli Menelik II kuloo ndawo apho umfazi wakhe wakhetha Tahiti. It wakhanga imithombo yamanzi izimbiwa, ngubani emana enkqonkqoza emazantsi entaba. Namhlanje, isixeko uguqulwe ingqukuva Irizothi ka-Afrika, apho nakhelwe hotele, iindawo zentengiso kunye ukonwabisa kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Asmara (Eritrea) - 2325 m

amazwe ezimbini kuyabanda kwi liyinkangala single - Ethiopia ne-Eritrea, ixesha elide umanyano enye. Xa urhulumente elingumTiyopiya 1961 ecetywayo ukwenza Eritrea enye amaphondo ayo, nomzabalazo inkululeko yawo.

Ngowe-1993, kwilizwekazi le-Afrika, uhlanga olutsha, kwaye uluhlu, elibhekisela esiluhlaza eyinkunzi ilungileyo zehlabathi, iye yandiswa Asmara. abemi abaninzi beso sixeko kukuba abemi 650 000.

Eritrea kwabunjwa ngokusekelwe imimandla ezibe amathanga yaseItali e-Afrika. Inkangeleko yangoku ikomkhulu ngeendlela ezininzi eqalisiweyo imi- 30-lwekhulu XX, xa uMussolini wayefuna ukwenza Asmara igwiba elizayo bukhosi lobukoloniyali. Asmara wabizwa ngokuba "eRoma Little", yaye amagama Italian nezithethe ezisagcinwe komzi okwangoku.

San (Yemen) - 2250m

Isixeko elinabemi abantu malunga kwezigidi ezi-2 - yenye yezixeko ezindala emhlabeni. Ngokutsho legend, oko yasekwa uShem, unyana kaNowa. Esi sixeko alondoloza matye bokwenyaniso zakhiwo Arabhu ngembali iminyaka eliwaka. Ngowe-1986, esi sixeko ibhengeze World Heritage Site weZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ukugcinwa ezikhumbuzo zembali uphantsi kwentsongelo ngenxa indawo Sana'a kuloo ndawo, nto leyo ibaluleke sobuchule wonke loo mmandla. Le dolophu ntonje imeko ungquzulwano isikali ezahlukeneyo.

Ukukhalazela ukuba bahlale kwezi ndawo yenza uhlobo engaqhelekanga imozulu entlango. Indawo aphezulu isixeko inegalelo yokuba yena ulinganisele ngaphezu kwiindawo ezininzi Arabia. Kukho kunqabile ubushushu ngokugqithiseleyo ebandayo yindinisa.

Mexico (Mexico) - 2240 m

Mexico entilini, singqongwe ziintaba-mlilo, ukufikelela kubude 5000 m, kubekwe phezu Ihewu, inxalenye Trans-waseMexico mlilo Belt. Xa isayithi ye-ndawo langoku lwenqila yaba ichibi elikhulu yaseTexcoco. E Central inxalenye yayo, kwi siqithi yi-Aztec ngo-1325 yayakhiwe isixeko Tenochtitlan, City Mexico yanamhlanje.

Yakhelwe kwindawo into ichibi, i sixeko isigebenga ilifa ngenxa kule ngxaki: ukungabikho semibhobho yamanzi amanzi ayesihla evela ezintabeni, yaye umhlaba evakalala, kungekhona ukunika isiseko ethembekileyo kwezakhiwo. Ukulwa umoya ungcoliseko lwamanzi, uthintelo lwe ukunqamka lomhlaba, sibali ziintshukumo zenyikima - bekusoloko imisebenzi ebalulekileyo isixeko abasemagunyeni City Mexico.

Kweli hlabathi akukho ukuhlaliswa abantu abangaka lilodwa, nto leyo imi kuba mde ngolo hlobo. Kummandla ka-1485 ^km2 ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga 8.9 million. Ukuba sithethe Grand Mexico, apho idityaniswe kokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene neSixeko Mexico ngokwezoqoqosho kwaye nezobuchwepheshe, kubhekisele agglomeration sikhulu ikhweyitha kwintshona apho kukho abemi malunga-21 million.

City Mexico ziquka eyinkunzi inelona futhe likhulu ehlabathini. Uluhlu imizi bazizinhanha emhlabeni, apho wafika phantsi inani wesibhozo ibonisa ukubaluleka kwayo ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezenkcubeko ngokuba lonke yempucuko.

Cities kunye nesikhundla esiphakamileyo

Akumangalisi, kukho imali, ibekwe ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle: ikomkhulu Azerbaijan Baku ngezantsi yayo 28 m Ke phakathi kwabo kunganxulunyaniswa iphakeme eliphezulu - Nairobi (Kenya) - 1795 m, Kabul (Afghanistan) - 1790 m, Windhoek (eNamibia. ) - 1721 m, Maseru (Lesotho) - 1673 m, Kigali (Rwanda) - 1567 m, Guatemala (Guatemala) - 1529 m, Harare (Zimbabwe) - 1483 m, Kathmandu (Nepal) - 1400 m.