Yintoni umkhosi nanceba, yaye xa kwabonakala?

Ukusuka kudaladala, waphakamisa uthuli kwiindlela zomkhosi kumazwe amaninzi ezazakhiwe iibhutsi nesoldati lithemba wethamsanqa - nanceba. Baba nezikhundla zabo, nabo udinwe ngobomi obungabangeli mdla, kwaye sigulo amahlwempu, yaye nje kubahloli - abafuna ixhoba lula. Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukufumana ukwazi yaye baqonde into umkhosi nanceba.

definition

Yaba uhlobo olulodwa amajoni. Bona yayibandakanya ngokupheleleyo leengcali abo bebeqeshwe ngurhulumente, isixeko, yaye maxa wambi abanye abantu abaye baba imali eninzi kwaye kufuneka izaliswe ngoonqalintloko nesibindi, ukulungele ukwenza nawuphi na umyalelo kunye musa ukubuza imibuzo emininzi kakhulu. iinkonzo zabo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini yamandulo, kwaye ingakumbi eRome eYiputa.

Yintoni a umkhosi nanceba eYiputa yamandulo?

Ngethuba i-Old yoBukumkani, imida nexesha ichazwe njengoko iminyaka 3200-2400. BC, kwaba kubi kakhulu kwiindonga zeNayile. Iinxalenye zaye behlasela ngamatutu kumazwe angabamelwane Asia. Ayigcinwa nokuba ezicwangciswe kwiindawo ezinobungozi zokuhlala zomkhosi. Ewe, kwaye kukho umkhosi omkhulu kwaba nzima ukuqokelela: izandla zokusebenza ezifunekayo emasimini. Ngaloo mihla, abantu babengazi ukuba yintoni ibithe yaqeshwa umkhosi, kodwa namarhataa izilumko wafumanisa.

Baqala ke ukuba ukugaya amajoni abavela kumazwe angabamelwane. Ngokuba imali ingqalelo ubomi ngokupheleleyo babekulungele ukubhentsisa esifubeni sakhe ngaphantsi iintolo utshaba nemikhonto. Xa kuthe kwabakho imfazwe enkulu kunye nomkhosi wahamba ngeenyawo ixesha elide, ezintlwini yayo ziyahlaziywa ngeendleko abantu oyisa, apho nayo kwasekwa iiyunithi usiqeshileyo. Eli siko laqhubeka kungena kwinkulungwane elandelayo, kude ngokuwa yempucuko zaseYiputa.

mercenaries roman

Kodwa yintoni na umkhosi nanceba eYiputa yamandulo xa kuthelekiswa savulwa e ehlelekile umkhosi wamaRoma. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-III BC yaphela yeSibini Punic War, umphumo apho ukutshatyalaliswa abalimi simahla. Ukuze ondle ngandlel bona kunye neentsapho zabo, nabo kakhulu zaqhubeka zingena umkhosi waseRoma. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo umkhosi wamajoni yangaphambili wavuma ukuba baphalaze igazi labo nezabo kuphela imali. Ewe, yaye yintoni nanceba umkhosi ngaphandle nzuzo? Urhulumente waya kubakhawulela, kunye nenkonzo kufunyanwe abanye bafumana umvuzo endilisekileyo, yaye emva kwexesha elithile (iminyaka eli-16) naye kwisiqwenga somhlaba. Ukongeza, babemele izixhobo, impahla kunye ezininzi izinto kufuneka kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngokubanzi, kwaba njalo kuloo intloko umngcipheko.

Indian sepoys

umdla athile amajoni nanceba e-India. Ke benziwa ngenkulungwane XVIII, kwaqhubeka de kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. Lwabasunguli kwendalo yazo amazwe British of India kwaye kwafuneka ukuba iiyunithi azibizi zomkhosi wabumba balapho. Ezi mercenaries ayebizwa sepoys, wangena ngembali ubukhulu becala njengoko abaququzeleli eziphambili nxaxheba kwimvukelo nxamnye abacinezeli zabo, owenzeka ngo 1857.

Amajoni wethamsanqa kwilizwekazi laseYurophu

Yintoni impi yaqeshwa, eYurophu wafunda kwinkulungwane XI, emva kokuba inkqubo esekwe wokwenza izinduna inkonzo yabo bezinye iintlanga. Xa iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu baqalisa ukwenza ezinkulu ithi ezisembindini, nabaphathi babo, akaziyekelanga umkhosi wamajoni izifundo zakhe umdla basemzini. Ngaphandle basemzini begayelwa njengabemi, abalimi ezamahala, amagcisa abangamahlwempu nabantu nje random. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iqela uthi akhiwa kwezi yunithi yaba umkhosi omkhulu wamajoni.

Kumanqanaba okuqala ubukho yayo, izakhiwo ezinjalo wadala kuphela ngexesha lemfazwe. Ukuqasha ukumkani mercenaries okanye inkosi feudal elimisiweyo ngumkomishinala. Wacel ilungelo lomenzi, kunye nemali efunekayo. Ekupheleni impi, bonke zakhatywa. Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba imikhosi esisigxina eqeshiweyo kwenzeka eYurophu ngenkulungwane XVI ngokusekwa kumazwe uninzi ukumkani epheleleyo. Ezi yunithi esisigxina emkhosini Kwadlula ikhosi yoqeqesho, olusekelwe phezu ngokumba nokuthobela imfama labekwa.

amabutho nanceba Modern

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ukuyilwa kweeyunithi nanceba abenza kwizakhiwo zorhwebo, ishishini undoqo yayo ukwenza ingeniso-odolo enxulumene nokusetyenziswa imisebenzi ethile emkhosini. Of Iinkampani zabucala ehlabathini namhlanje, kukho malunga namawaka amathathu, kwaye zisebenza kumazwe ezilikhulu ehlabathini lonke, lifaka onke amazwekazi ngaphandle Antarctica. Imali yonyaka le "shishino lokufa" onekhulu billion zeerandi.

Ibali oko umkhosi nanceba ehlabathini namhlanje bekuya kuba njengezingaphelelanga ukuba andithanga ndikukhumbule ezinye iimpawu ezongezelelweyo. Oku ikakhulu zingaxhatshazwa izixhobo zomkhosi mihla. Umzekelo, e Afghanistan, iinkampani zabucala bakhonza drones emkhosini, ekuqhubeni kwesimo kuba US imikhosi exhobileyo. Xa inani iindawo benza njengabaqeqeshi eengcali, kwakunye ushumayela ekukhutshweni amajoni kunye amafutha kunye emthethweni. Kodwa yintoni aba bantu benza ke, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo ihlale ukufa, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nonxunguphalo zabantu.