Prince kaYuri Dolgoruky. KaYuri Dolgoruky - Biography

Xa kwimbali Kievan Rus abaninzi abalawuli abaye washiya uphawu ebalulekileyo. Ngalinye izikhulu ngasekhohlo imbali yakhe maxesha kweziganeko, ngoku apho bafunda zizazinzulu. Abanye babo amaphulo ukwahlula ngokuchasene namazwe angabamelwane, umntu olubekwe ilizwe elitsha, umntu wenza umfelandawonye ebalulekileyo ngokwembali neentshaba. KaYuri Dolgoruky, ngokuqinisekileyo ayikho indawo yokugqibela phakathi kwabo. Lo mlawuli umdla, ukuba kuphela kukuba mbali abaninzi kubhekwa umsunguli eMoscow. Isiqhulo "Dolgoruky" Prince wafumana iinzame rhoqo ekoyiswa Kiev kunye neminye imizi Kievan Rus.

Ekuqalekeni kobukumkani

Ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele iminyaka urhulumente kufuneka ujonge ngobomi bakhe. Umhla wokuzalwa Kusekho nodaba. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kukho Duke elizayo 1090 yaye engomncinane , unyana ka-Vladimir Monomakh. Yury Dolgoruky ke yenethiwekhi lentsapho Rurik. Nangona wazalwa e Kiev, ebuntwaneni bakhe badlula e Rostov. yena kuqala waba umthetheli Rostov-Suzdal ubulawuli ukususela 1113 kunye nomzalwana wakhe Mstislav. Noko ke, ukususela 1125, babe umhlaba kuphela yokungeniswa kaYuri.

Nangona umlinganiswa indelelo enzima, Politika Yuriya Dolgorukogo phantsi kolawulo lwakhe nazo izibonelelo ezininzi Kievan Rus, nangona izicwangciso okunzima (ikakhulu) wazisa ukufa nokutshatyalaliswa. Yaba iminyaka eliqela emva wokulawula umlawuli etroneni, wayiqhubela iphulo nxamnye iVolga Bulgars. Onjalo umyalelo weza evela Vladimir Monomakh, emva kokuba kuthinjwe aba bantu Suzdal. Emva kweli phulo, ngo-1125, Prince uYuri Dolgoruky wadlulisela ikomkhulu ubulawuli yakhe Suzdal, oko ke kusehlisa ukubaluleka yezopolitiko Rostov.

Phezu kwetrone Rostov-Suzdal ubulawuli kunye ukoyisa wokuqala Kiev

Phakathi 1120 ngo 1147 engenaso azikaqapheleki, kodwa omnye inyani - kweli thuba inobutshijolo eMoscow. Domestic Politika Yuriya Dolgorukogo kuyehla ukuya kulwakhiwo amabandla. Kwaye, kakade, angangenelela feuds zembujiswano yeenkosana Kievan Rus. Nangona kufuneka ahlawule irhafu kuye - ezininzi umzi ekhoyo, njengoko kuboniswa yimbali, uYuri Dolgoruky wajika ukurhweba kunye namaziko unokwakhela. Le ndlela ayikwazanga negalelo kuphuhliso lwabo.

Kwavela ingxabano zembujiswano, njengoko umgaqo, ngenxa etroneni eKiev kunye ephambili welifa lakhe. Umnqweno yakuhlala etroneni kwisixeko ephambili Russia wayengekho yayintsha kumlawuli Rostov-Suzdal. I-Grand Duke, hayi nje wazama ukosulela abaqeshwa abatsha, kodwa kwakhona ukuthatha ngokobuqu kule ndawo. Ekugqibeleni, etroneni Kiev ngo-1149 wathabatha kaYuri Dolgoruky. Ngokufutshane, iye uyaphule omkhulu ilifa, yaye abaninzi kangaka. Le ukunganeliseki wathabatha Izyaslav umatshini wenza umfelandawonye Hungarians nezibonda.

Le unpopularity iNkosi enguMongami entsha, yaye imanyano Tamare wayengekanikezelwa Dolgoruky ukubambelela kwibhodi ixesha elide. 1151 kwaba uYuri Vladimirovich umhla yelahleko kwitrone e Kiev nokubuyela ulawulo lwakhe.

base eMoscow

Oko Prince Yury Dolgoruky ithathwa umseki Moscow, nangona kule nkalo okwangoku kukho iimbambano phakathi mbali. yokuhlala asemdeni yayimi phezu qha kuyo izikumkani ezininzi - Novgorod, Ryazansky, Suzdalsky, kunye Siversky Smolenskii. Idolophu kwi River Moscow, ongowakhe, njengamanye iilali phezu iibhanki, Boyar yingqumba. Izizathu apho umnini-mhlaba ayaziwa, kodwa emva koko, esi sixeko kunye nezinye iidolophu wayithimba Yury Dolgoruky wabulawa. EMoscow waqala ukwakha - ipomakazi lendlu njengenkosana, ngamaplanga yesicelo, iicawe kunye nezinye izakhiwo kwakhiwa. Kwakhona ke ubuKrestu phakathi kwabantu kwezizwe.

Ekuqaleni le ndawo yayibizwa kamva cookie ulinike eMoscow. Kodwa ke umzi omkhulu, nto leyo yaba ixabiso kunye nefuthe ngokwezopolitiko ubomi Rostov-Suzdal ubulawuli of Kievan Rus kwaye yaba kuphela emva kokuba kutshintshwe kwizizukulwana ezithathu kwinzala ka-George Yokuqala.

Isiseko kwezixeko Russian - Pereslavl-Zaleski

IBhodi Yuriya Dolgorukogo yayahlukile izama nje kuphela ukumbamba itrone Kiev, kodwa indalo kunye nophuhliso kwizixeko ezintsha Russian. Ngoko ke, ukongezelela eMoscow, eyasekwayo izixeko ezifana Pereslavl-Zaleski kunye Yuriev-Polish.

Ulwakhiwo wayengekho ngenxa izicwangciso nenxa isikhulu. ekuhlaseleni iVolga Bulgars kwakhokelela imfuneko ukomeleza kwimida ubulawuli. Pereslavl-Zaleski wachukumiseka kwi ephantsi - xa emlonyeni emlanjeni Trubezh. Kunye kujikelezo macala esemazantsi nasentshonalanga yesixeko wemba umhadi, apho uqhagamshele ngezithintelo endalo iindlela kuwo umzi. A nenqaba ukuziphendulela Pereyaslavl kucingwe enye yezona zinkulu, lamiswa kaYuri.

Yuriev-Polsky - enqabeni emdeni ubulawuli

Ekubeni sele lusekiwe injongo efanayo kunye nesixeko St George-Polish. inqaba ngeenxa yayakhelwe ukukhusela isixeko. Waye yayibiyelwe kwenqaba 7-mimetrovymi aye asinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje. Udonga le nqaba waba sekhefu ezintathu - eyindlela Vladimir, eMoscow Pereslavl-Zaleski. It Wakha isixeko kufuphi umlomo umlambo ngasechwebeni Gzy Koloksha.

Gorodets kwi iVolga River

Esi sixeko yasekwa Yuriem Dolgorukim ngo-1152 kwimimandla embindini iVolga. Xa imibhalo yamandulo ikwabizwa ngokuba Radilov. Emzini apho kukhoyo ikampu wamajoni, amachule kunye nabalimi. Abahlali nje ukuqinisekisa ubukho mzi, kodwa elikhutheleyo kurhwebo kunye eKiev, kwelaseAsiya, Bulgars, ithi lweBaltic. injongo Gorodets esisiseko nto ekunqandeni iVolga Bulgars yi promotion emazweni Russian.

Isiseko of Dmitrov

Esi sixeko yasekwa ngowe-1154 yaye igama emva unyana Yuriya Dolgorukogo, owazalelwa kulo nyaka. Dmitrov wakha emathafeni afumileyo emlanjeni Yakhroma. Ukukhuselwa wanyuselwa incwadi yesicelo, wakha isibingelelo emazantsi entaba. Kwelinye icala omnye wasivuna imigxobhozo inqaba luluqilima, kwelinye - an icandwe ngumntu, kwezinye iindawo ayafika ububanzi neemitha ezingama-30. Iindonga ibinqatyiswe ezinde. Yayiyindawo ekude, engqongwe imigxobhozo kunye amahlathi, ekwimimandla emelene Suzdal.

wobukumkani Second e Kiev

Ngaphandle kokuba uYuri zorhwebo baba ebanzi ngokwaneleyo, inkosana akazange amlahle amalinge ukuze bafumane itrone Kiev. Ukuphumelela Ryazan ngo-1154, umthetheli waya kumnandi ukuya kumazwe esemazantsi Kievan Rus. Endleleni, wenza isgqibo kunye Rostislav of ESmolensk kunye 1155 kwakhona ababelawula elikomkhulu Kievan Rus, ukuthatha naye kunye akhe sizana Svyatoslavom Olgovichem. Ngubani walawula Kiev Izyaslav wanikezela esi sixeko ngaphandle umlo kunye abalekela Chernigov. Ukuze komelezwe amandla ayo, uYuri wathumela oonyana bakhe ukuba alawule phakathi komzi, abaphantsi impembelelo yakhe. Noko ke, lo mqathango mfutshane-waphila - ngo-1157 uYuri Dolgoruky wafa. Kukho ingcamango yokuba wadliswa izinduna, abangazange Ndiyayithanda umlawuli omtsha. Emva kokufa kwakhe, imvukelo kwavuka, ngexesha apho inkundla umthetheli yaba ziphangwe.

ubomi Family Yuriya Dolgorukogo

Xa ezinye iincwadi zembali bezobugcisa ukhankanye nohlobo entsonkothileyo yesibhovubhovu. Ngelo xesha linye wabonisa ukuba George wayengunyana othandwayo kayise, uVladimir Monomakh, ngeenxa ahlale kuye. Noko ke, lifikile ixesha xa Dolgoruky kwafuneka ukuba ukuthobela ukuthanda yenkulu Kiev. Ngowe-1108 kaYuri Dolgoruky wafumana umfazi. Kakade ke, umtshato ke yenzeka ngenxa yezizathu zezopolitiko kayise,, njengoko yonke imitshato wangena ngelo abalawuli ithi.

Umfazi wokuqala ikamva le Rostov-Suzdal prince yaba intombi Polovtsian Hana alena Osipovna. Nomkakhe beza prince ishawa, yena uhlala thile. Kungekudala esi sibini wathunyelwa mpuma kwi Rostov ukubusa. Ukusuka lo mtshato wazalelwa Rostislav (walawula Novgorod), uAndreya Bogolyubskii, Ivan, kunye Boris Gleb. Nomfazi wakhe wokuqala neentombi ezintathu bazalwa: Elena, UMaria Olga.

Kwaye umfazi wesibini kaYuri Dolgoruky. Biography kwalo ulwazi oluncinane kakhulu, akukho kukhankanywa umnyaka umtshato wakhe kuye. Kodwa Yury Dolgoruky ebenoonyana abathandathu kuye - cornflowers, Mstislav, Yaroslav, Sviatoslav, kunye Vsevolod uMikhail.

Yuriya Residence Dolgorukogo

Ekubeni Rostov Grand Duke zange uziva siqiniseke kakhulu ngenxa imeko yezopolitiko kurhulumente, wafudukela Suzdal. Kodwa yokuhlala lakhe ayikho Suzdal, kwaye kwidolophana ekuthiwa Kideksha. Oku kwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo - uYuri Dolgoruky Suzdal izinduna babesoyika. zokuhlala enqatyisiweyo ngokukhawuleza wakhula apho Kamenka lungena ngokukhululekileyo Nerl. Kwelinye icala Kideksha wasivuna iibhanki eliphezulu komlambo, phezu kwabanye inqaba Wayengqongwe irola eliphezulu kunye ezitsolo oki kuyo.

Ekubeni kaYuri Dolgoruky abe ngokuzinikela nkqi, kwidolophana yakhiwe ze ibandla. Noko ke, emva kokufa Prince Kideksha yalahlekelwa intsingiselo yalo. Unyana wakhe ethutha ikomkhulu uVladimir, kwaye kuhlala Bogolyubovo. Ngowe-1238, emva kokuba ngokuhlaselwa aweza Tatar-Mongol, le lali baphangwe lifikile azisalungiseki.

Monument umnyibilikisi ka eMoscow

Ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga isixeko kwenzeka phakathi mbali musani ukuyeka kude kube ngoku. Ukanti ke abantu ngokwabo bakholelwa ukuba abamisela, kaYuri Dolgoruky. EMoscow waba indawo yokuhlanganisana umthetheli umzalwana wakhe, njengoko yeziKronike yamandulo. Phantsi Stalin, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukumisa ilitye lesikhumbuzo Yuriyu Dolgorukomu. Kubhaliwe ibekwe kwi Tverskaya Square eMoscow. Ngowe-1946, kukho ukhuphiswano kwathiwa, uye waphumelela Orlov wakhe, yena akazange abandakanyeke sculpture omkhulu.

Kodwa kwacaca phandle, a nomkroli nomdla Stalin ngokwakhe. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ethanda okunayo nomkroli - ngelo xesha oovulindlela Soviet baba igqiza ebalulekileyo ukusuka eUnited States. Kwacaca kweemveliso yenziwe yi Orlov, luyilelwe ukuba oovulindlela, kwakunikelwa ngabameli of America. Orlov wabhala isikhalazo, emva koko kulindeleke ukuba adibane intloko eSoviet Union. Emva koko, omnye nomkroli waza wakhokelela umsebenzi nokudalwa litye lesikhumbuzo. Le projekthi lesikhumbuzo kwinkqubo yokudala izilungiso - ukuba ngokunxulumene namazwi Stalin. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa lesikhumbuzo elimiswe 1954. Kodwa ukuba Stalin wayevuya kakhulu ukuba Nikita Khrushchev ngandlel akuwuthandanga lesikhumbuzo. Ingakumbi ndamcaphukisa kuye ihashe bayancokola - on imiyalelo yakhe umthondo asuswe.

Esikhumbuzo Yuriyu Dolgorukomu nakwezinye izixeko

abahlali Kostroma nabo bakholelwa ukuba umthetheli nisekelwe nomzi wabo wanceda lokuyiphuhlisa kunye nempumelelo. Le lesikhumbuzo elimiswe kwi square ukuya ekubhiyozeleni uSuku Ukuvuswa isikhumbuzo 850th komzi. Le projekthi yaphuhliswa Vladimir Tserkovnikov. Le lesikhumbuzo angu-4 kwaye ukuphakama 4.5 yeemitha.

In Pereslavl wabeka Dolgoruky umhlola. It wadalwa njenge oqingqiweyo eMoscow, wasebenza Orlov. Le ise Goritsky Monastery, apho ihanjiswa ukusuka eMoscow ngo-1963.

Le Monument Yuriyu Dolgorukomu e Dmitrov wadala Tserkovnikov. Le ukwakweli yembutho wembali, nto leyo lingqongwe izidumbu incwadi yesicelo yamandulo ecaleni Cathedral le vekeleke xona. Namhlanje ke imyuziyam-reserve. Ngokutsho legend, lesikhumbuzo olwalumiselwe kuloo ndawo apho kwangaphambili ukuzalwa unyana.

Kwiitempile ezakhiwe Yuriem Dolgorukim

Zonke chroniclers iqaphele ngokuzinikela okukhulu yesibhovubhovu. Ngoko ke, ukongeza iinqaba nezixeko, unako ukufumana iitempile ezininzi ezakhiwe ngokwemiyalelo Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Kwabo, malunga apho iimbekiselo basindileyo, zezi zilandelayo: yoTshintsho Cathedral (Pereslavl), Boris kunye Gleb Church (Kideksha), eSt George kaThixo Cathedral (Vladimir), iCawa uMsindisi (Suzdal), Cathedral of Yokuzalwa (Suzdal) .

endaweni yesiphelo

Uchazo amanene buyaphikisana kakhulu. Ukunyoluka, inkohlakalo, authoritativeness - imikhuba yaba uYuri Dolgoruky epheleleyo. Biography ichaza kuphela ezi mpawu. Kwakhona yaba ngumpolitiki kude-nabanorhatyazo kakuhle ukubaluleka a imida kakuhle enqatyisiweyo nje kuphela kunye namazwe angabamelwane, kodwa phakathi izilawuli ze Kievan Rus '. udumo kakhulu yaye uhlonipha yaba kaYuri Dolgoruky. Biography ezibhalwe ngababhali ezahlukeneyo, iye yaqinisekisa le - iinzame eziliqela zifake etroneni wenkosi uya e Kiev, wasithimba isixeko eBulgaria, isiseko kunye nokomelezwa izixeko, ulwakhiwo iitempile.

Phezu kwazo zonke, inkosana ndashiyeka uphawu obalulekileyo kwimbali Kievan Rus - iidolophu ezininzi iicawa zikhona. Yaye isibakala sokuba elikomkhulu kunye izinduna akazange ayithande ubukumkani Prince - kuyaqondakala. Ngoko ke abaphathi ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi izinduna, nto leyo, kholisi abo nangokuzimisela imperiousness. Kodwa in ulawulo lwakhe Rostov-Suzdal emva kokufa kwakhe bakhumbula ngumbulelo. Ngapha koko, ukhuselo Polovtsian kunye Bulgars balungiselela kakuhle kaYuri Dolgoruky.