Leif Eriksson - Viking wafumanisa Melika phambi Columbus

Leif Erikson (bona ifoto ngezantsi.) - le Viking odumileyo, lowo eMelika kwiinkulungwane ezintlanu ngaphambi Columbus. esasihamba kuphela, ngokungafaniyo ngamaRoma abazange baqhubeke nezifundo zabo bantu kancinane ilizwe. Kule minyaka 500 ezayo akukho yaseYurophu ayikhange watyelela eMelika. Kweli nqaku, siza kukuxelela ngokufutshane malunga zokuhamba yaseScandinavia kunye nezalamane zakhe.

Leif Eriksson. Oko wakufumanisayo?

Umbuzo wokuba ingaba baseYurophu batyelela Melika phambi Columbus, iye elide kwaba zinokuphikiswa. Kukho sagas ezimbini ezichaza zokuhamba Leif Eriksson kunye nabazalwana bakhe, - "Saga Erik i-Red" yaye "Saga of the Greenlanders". Kodwa zombini imisebenzi eyenziwe kwinkulungwane XIII, oko kukuthi, iminyaka engamakhulu amabini emva kokuba iziganeko ezichazwe. Ngoko ke eyibhalela a ezibeka simahla nokutolikwa oko kwenzekayo. Nangona kunjalo, i Vinland twisisaka, apho wafumana Vikings, ikhankanywa Adam of Bremen (umkhumbuzi ephakathi). Liyinyaniso elokuba, le yokugqibela echazwe ngala mazwi ka uKumkani Denmark Sven yendlu estridsen.

Ekugqibeleni, lo mbuzo irhetywe kuphela emva kokufunyanwa izenze waseKhanada. Labrador and Newfoundland, bafumana iindawo Viking sites. Emva koko, akukho namnye babengaqinisekanga ukuba Leif Eriksson wafumanisa Melika phambi Columbus. Nangona ukuba ukholelwa okuqulethwe "Saga grenladtsah", i-Viking wayesadla woyibala ezimbini. Discoverer of America - yokulala Heryulfson.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi, waya eGreenland. Abatyhwatyhwayo ngendlela eya kwindlela yokulala wabona elundini ilizwe. Heryulfson akazange ukuya elunxwemeni; kodwa xa efika eGreenland, wathetha iinkcukacha malunga konke oko bakubonileyo abamelwane. Leif Eriksson nomdla ibali lakhe. Nyana Erik i-Red, lowo waseka South Greenland Viking yokuhlala yokuqala, ngokukhawuleza waqonda ukuba uninzi lo siqithi enkulu ayihlalwa. ngasentla kwangaphambili kwakuyingozi kwaye kuyingozi. Kwelinye icala, oko wayeswele imithi yokwakha iinqanawa. Kodwa oko uluvalile Viking.

Ukufunyanwa kwe emazweni ezintsha

Leif Eriksson wathenga inqanawa yokulala kaThixo. Emva koko ndawonye iqela labantu 35 yaqonda entshonalanga. kwiintsuku ezimbini emva koko, i Scandinavians baye bafumanisa elunxwemeni, malunga abazixelayo Heryulfson. iindawo babehambela Leif ceba amagama: Land of mlilo (Helluland), amahlathi (Markland) kunye nomhlaba Mdiliya (Vinland). Sele yaziwa zeziphi iinkalo eGreenland wafumana Eriksson. Markland - a Labrador, kunye Helluland - Baffin Island. Kuphela indawo Vinland ukuza kuthi ga zinokuphikiswa. Kwaba khona ukuba Viking wayeka ukuba ebusika, waza wabuyela ekhaya.

usapho ojikelezayo

Emva kokuba kwafunyanwa eGreenland Eriksson wenza izicwangciso amazwe kwimimandla ezintsha. Ngenxa yeempembelelo yi uhambo Leif, ndaya siqubha umzalwana wakhe Thorvald. Kungekudala wavuka eMelika yaye wakwazi ukuseka yokuhlala apho. Kodwa koloni mfutshane ixesha elide. Emva konyaka, i Vikings ujongene ndlongo sabantu bendawo. AmaNdiya wabulala phantse kubo bonke abantu. Ekulweni ukuzibulala Torvald.

Lo mzalwana yesibini Leif - Thorstein - nabo babehamba ukuya ngasentshona. Liyinyaniso elokuba, America akazange kuso. Kuyabonakala ukuba, le nqanawa ekuqaleni Thorstein wajika emazantsi. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, Viking mikhombe i Hudson Bay, yaye emva koko baphulukana nomonde waza wabuya. Emva Erik izihlobo Red aye wenza omnye campaigns ezimbini okanye ezintathu, kodwa abazange bakwazi ukufumana zintshula kwilizwekazi.

lubizwa Vinland

Kuyabonakala ukuba, phantsi kwalo gama kufihla Newfoundland. Vikings yafunyanwa ngama abembi kwisiqithi yokupaka ngokucacileyo ithi ukuba babekho ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XI. Kuphela igama elahlekisayo. Ngubani watyelela kwisiqithi, ngokuqinisekileyo uyakwazi malunga inani elincinane iidiliya ezikhulayo. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba Leif Eriksson, ogama engobomi kuye kwafika kubo bonke Scandinavians ekhohlo Labrador New England. Kwaye kukho nje oluninzi iidiliya zasendle.

Iingcali ziye babuza le ngcamango. Leif yaba Nomqhubi onamava kakhulu. Wafumana into ifuna, kwaye akungekwazeki ukuba esichengeni, ukuya ngasezantsi. Kukho ezinye iinguqulelo ngemvelaphi igama Vinland. Omnye wabo uthi Leif Ericsson iye christened eli lizwe ngokwahlukileyo kakhulu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo gama egqwethekileyo, kwaye kule fomu ngayo bafunda Danish Korol Sven, ondixelele zonke yabonisa uAdam of Bremen. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, igama Vinland ngu izibhengezo. Ngaloo ndlela Eriksson wazama ukuba kuziswe siqithi kwabantu abatsha. Xa ukwamkelwa ngulo mbono kukuba kuba Greenland efanayo - oku umhlaba eluhlaza njengoko negama layo ibonisa.