"Utshintsho Kosygin" - nomlando

Alekseya Kosygina ingqalelo kuphela umlawuli onamava kunye abanezakhono, eNamandla umququzeleli, kodwa uMongameli kakhulu eyingqondi, esisilumko zoRhulumente kwisithuba yonke post-imfazwe USSR.

Oku banceda kakhulu kwaye "utshintsho Kosygin" - wokuqala emva kwemfazwe ukuzama ukuthengisa moya yenguqu yoqoqosho eSoviet. Yahlanganisa nje onke amasebe zamashishini kunye nezolimo, kodwa phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi.

"Utshintsho Kosygin" yayijonge ekwandiseni inkuthazo kwezoqoqosho kunye nokuzimela yequmrhu. Ngokutsho isigqibo Plenum of the CPSU ngo-1965, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukutshintsha onke amashishini mveliso. Eyona njongo iphambili yale isigqibo ekugqibeleni ukwandisa ukwanela umsebenzi wabo.

Ngaphandle, ukongezelela Gross, ukwazisa isigama yeendleko kwentengiso, ekusekweni kwengxowa-mali oqhelekileyo yomvuzo, isixa-mali eyinkunzi kwindawo enye. Ukuze ukuvuselela umsebenzi amashishini yenzuzo esilungiselelwe ukuba bahambe.

"Utshintsho Kosygin" waba iinjongo eziliqela: ukomeleza nkqo kwamandla, abuyisele kwabaphathiswa esembindini kushishino, kokuyekiswa amabhunga kwezoqoqosho.

Reform yaphunyezwa ngo-1965 sele kuNobhala Jikelele Z Brezhnev. Ke ukuba uthe sabheka ukuyeka Ushintsho flywheel iqalise kwanaxa ezihlangwini zakhe - Khrushchev, yokuhlaziywa koqoqosho Kosygin kungenzeka ukuba kudlule. Nangona kungekho tshintsho yamandla, akukho "komkhulu" lika abakwazanga ukurhoxisa ixesha langoku xa neemfuno zoqoqosho.

Phambi zokwamkelwa yotshintsho zonke inyathelo lweshishini nemibutho kwaye ilawulwa kwinkcukacha yokugqibela, oko Uvale naziphi na iinzame zijike kwezoqoqosho. Kulo lonke eli lizwe, utyando inkqubo abasebenzi zomkhosi isilogeni lwalo: "naliphi na ixabiso ukunika icebo."

Ilizwe "utshintsho Kosygin" wahlangatyezwa ambiguously. abaphathi ezininzi zoshishino ngakubona njengendlela ithuba elihle lokuba afumane imali engaphezulu, abanye kwangaphambili uqoqosho ekuweni lokugqibela.

Iinkampani bakwazi ukuba babe kwezoqoqosho self-ngokwaneleyo, ngoko ke ukhangela amathuba ukwandisa iingeniso zabo. Kwangaxeshanye, akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba nenzuzo bekhuthazwa kwamaxabiso kweli lizwe.

Noko ke, ngokutsho abezoqoqosho abaninzi, ebudeni "utshintsho Kosygin" ngabakwenzayo kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo yaba intle yonke iminyaka ngemva kwempi.

Nangona kunjalo, lo utshintsho wayengafezekanga: yinto iseti izisombululo eziphikisanayo kunye engafani, njengoko ukwandiswa okuzimela lwamashishini idityaniswe ekomelezeni amagunya imisebenzi.

yonke Ingongoma kukuba ekuphumezeni nabalawuli kwimarike ngamnye kwinkqubo umyalelo-yolawulo non-emarikeni, "utshintsho Kosygin" akazange sinike ibaluleke kakhulu kuqoqosho lorhwebo - simahla ixabiso olulawulwayo. Kwaye oku, ke, kuphela yintshukumo zokunqika yokuqhuba njengoko inzuzo kunye nenzuzo. Ngenxa yoko, eli lizwe wawuqalayo ukunyuka efihlakeleyo, akundincedi kungekhona ngokwandisa ngobuchule yemveliso, kodwa ngenxa amaxabiso ephezulu, kunye nezinye iingxaki ezininzi kakhulu.

Kungenxa yoko le nto ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ubunkokheli beqela phezulu bavakalelwa ukuba amandla abo ingundoqo baqalisa emtini isisongelo. Yaye kuphuculo yee-70s iye kwenkomfa, kwaye injongo yakhe engekaphunyezwa.

ukuqonda botshintsho, kuquka naye Kosygin, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha kwezoqoqosho, hayi eSoviet Union, Kwatyhileka iziseko yenkqubo loluntu, indlela yokuphila kweli lizwe. Noko ke, abazange ukumela indlela apho kufuneka wenziwe, nangona bazi ukuba "umntwana" wadala ngabo ngokoqobo ukujongela iziseko karhulumente kwaye ukuphazamisa uzinzo lizwe.