Vladimir yesicelo: imbali kunye nenkcazo

Vladimir yesicelo - a iinqaba ezizodwa. Ezi ibekwe kwisixeko zonke ezinkulu Russia yamandulo. Ekuqaleni, baye babizwa kwinqaba iShushan. Inxalenye ngundoqo yokuhlala obiyelweyo kwenqaba kuqala ngomthi, ilitye kamva waqalisa ukuyakha. It yafakwa kunye nongqameko lweemboniselo. In Rus yamandulo 'nqaba kuyimfuneko ukuze isonjululwe ingqalelo mzi.

Indawo yesicelo Vladimir

Vladimir yesicelo ekuqaleni kuhlala kweso sixeko. Yaye kubonakala namhlanje phezu kwenduli. Wayebonakala ukuba ayafika phezu ayahamba isixeko Klyazma. Ekubhekiswa kuso ngokubanzi woonongendi iKrismesi.

KumaXesha Aphakathi i Vladimir yesicelo ibekwe kumda Pechernego umzi. Ukususela empumalanga ukuya kummandla adjoined emhadini wayo nongqameko zibe lusindiso. Kwinxalenye osemantla incwadi yesicelo wahamba kwisitalato mihla Bolshaya Moskovskaya, yaye inxalenye yasentshona yesicelo ezithintelweyo Nicholas Church kunye ezaziyiyo iiveranda. Namhlanje, le isakhiwo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo inkcazo asinamathinzi yesixeko. Inikezela ngelona imbono omkhulu wezandyondyo ephantsi.

imbali yesicelo

Ngokutsho kwizithethe ekhoyo, woonongendi, leyo wakhonza njengesiseko ukuze kwakhiwe i-Vladimir yesicelo, wabonakala 1175. Sayo Bogolyubskii basekhaya Prince noAndreya, owaye- dumile ngenxa yokuba kuye Vladimir-Suzdal ubulawuli wenze uphuhliso ebalulekileyo kunye noncedo phezu nabamelwane balo, ekugqibeleni waba kwelinye lamaziko karhulumente Russian.

Ngowe-1192 sele umthetheli omtsha ogama Vsevolod, owayedume ngelika Nest Big, ezazilapha kule ndawo a yecawa ilitye elimhlophe. Esi sakhiwo-intsika ezine yakhiwe ngokuthobela zonke izithethe Vladimir-Suzdal ngezakhiwo leyo kakhulu kuphuhliswa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XII. Le mini yecawa langoku, ngelishwa, iye yachitheka.

Ngowe-1219, yokumisela amisiweyo etempileni, nangona ngelo xesha nangoku asigqitywanga de kube sekupheleni. Ngowe-1230 yena wavula Archimandrite, yaye ekuhambeni kwexesha waba ngomnye yoonongendi zamaKristu abaphambili yonke North-East of Russia. Kwaba apha ngo-1263 wafumana indawo yokuphumla lokugqibela uAleksandr Nevsky.

Ngenxa yoko, indima woonongendi yokuqala Vladimir (kamva eMoscow) wegqitha waya Rozhen Monastery. Kule sikhundla, yena waze 1561, xa ngesiqu udlule kwi Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra.

ukwakhiwa lityeni woonongendi yahlaziyelwa kwinkulungwane XVII. Ngowe-1654, nenqaba intsimbi ivela njenge ntsika elikhulu iinkalo ezisibhozo. Ngowe-1659 bakha iseli. Inyathelo elibalulekileyo sigodlo layo kuphuhliso wenza, xa waba Ngqonyela kwi Archimandrite Vincent. Ebudeni beli xesha, siye umayamo ngamatye, ngokunjalo nomzimba emaqandeni.

Ekupheleni kwale kwenkulungwane kwakukho isango kwiCawa Yokuzalwa, leyo omelene ngqo kumasango le refectory.

Imbali zakutshanje woonongendi

Izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo bathunyelwa ukusuka Vladimir ukuya Alexander Nevsky Lavra xa uPetros I. Kule xesha, uninzi kummandla woonongendi leyo ibinqatyiswe ngodonga namatye ezinde. Ukususela ngo 1744 isebenza apha indlu kabhishophu kule Vladimir eso sithili. Ngowe-1748 ubhishophu yokwakha kwigumbi ngamatye.

Sele lwefacade ngenkulungwane XIX kakhulu yakhiwa, ingaphakathi iiseli zatshintsha. Inqanaba elilandelayo inguqu Vladimir yesicelo, ogama photo kweli nqaku, linxulunyaniswa xesha karhulumente eRashiya, Alexander II. Ngoko ke waqalisa omnye ukulungiswa nokuvuselelwa woonongendi kunye yecawa kunye naye. Ngowe-1859, umzimba emaqandeni ezakhiwe isakhiwo ngamatye. Asentla, ukuhonjiswa komzimba ziyahluka kakhulu.

-KaRhulumente iseli kwakhona, ukulungiswa ngo-1867 yatshintshwa ibandla esangweni kunye refectory. Ngelo xesha itshintshe amagumbi lokubhalela Episcopal.

Phantsi kolawulo yiSoviet,

Kumaxesha Soviet, imbali ye-Vladimir yesicelo, iifoto yayo thaca kweli nqaku, unenzondelelo utshintsho ebonakalayo. Ngowe-1930, ngokwemiyalelo nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni bayaphule kunye nenqaba intsimbi kunye yecawa. Kamva, isakhiwo weemonki yalungiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, yaye isakhiwo kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezimbalwa. Uninzi izakhiwo lokusinda ezenziwe ngezitena, kokutyatyekwa ayiqabe.

Christmas isigodlo ngokwayo iyodwa kuba into umzi. Kunye nezakhiwo zilurhangqile yakha nesibhakabhaka ekhethekileyo ukuba ukubaluleka elikhulu kwimbali. Ukuba yasinda Izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye oluntu kwi yobuciko. Nangona ilahleko ebonakalayo, woonongendi kunye namhlanje ivela kuthi ekupheleni sakhiwo aphakathi-style ngocwangciso free.

incwadi yesicelo

Le lomculo yokwakha le Vladimir yesicelo echazwe kweli nqaku, asuka entshona ukuya empuma. ukwakheka kwalo liyafana trapezoid. Kwicala elingasempuma itsalelwa emhadini, ke yona intaba lasemzantsi ulinganiselwe. Ukusuka entshonalanga ukuya empumalanga kukho iiseli ze woonongendi leKrismesi.

Ukuba ugqiba ukutyelela Vladimir yesicelo, iindawo ezinika umdla zophengululo iya kuba ngokwaneleyo. Ngaphandle Cathedral sele okhankanywe Yokuzalwa of the Virgin, kukwayinto entle nenqaba intsimbi, lalo kwicawa Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Eli bhotwe yezakhiwo iquka ngakwiSango Church of St. Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo, kwakunye kwigumbi Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Iindwendwe bangangena ukuya yokutrima kwiCawa Yokuzalwa, ngakwiSango Church of St. Ioanna Predtechi, iseli karhulumente-, kwathi-esangweni, izakhiwo eMonastri, phezu Memorial Cross, kwaye ubhishophu ngasese emzimbeni, khangela ezinde kunye neendonga.

Inkolelo Cathedral

Kukho kwakhona i Vladimir yesicelo (imbali yesicelo ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha kweli nqaku) yinkolelo Cathedral. Waphinda wabonakala ebudeni bolawulo Prince Vladimir Andreya Bogolyubskogo.

Isakhiwo senkonzo ke yakhiwa ngamatye elimhlophe, ezisiweyo ngokukodwa kwisiza sokwakha iVolga Bulgaria. Build it yaqala ngo-1158. Kodwa mitha-1185, kusekho isakhiwo engagqitywanga, kwabakho umlilo enkulu apho balalisa of kwenziweyo sele. Ngelo xesha, icawa intloko omnye kuphela, kodwa ukuphakama nye mkhulu kakhulu ukuya eSt Sophia Cathedral e Kiev, kwaye nkqu Novgorod.

Weza amandla , Prince Vsevolod Nest Big kwingcinga Cathedral wongezelela izahluko ezibini ezine. Walitshintsha ngo 1408, xa yepeyinti esekelwe bakhe icons of Andrei Rublev ngokwakhe kufika. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba esekelwe ezigcinwe kule mini. Ezinye zazo nga ukuhlangabezana kubakhenkethi isigqibo ukutyelela namhlanje Vladimir Hall of the yesicelo.

"Entsha" yaye "vetchany" isixeko

inxalenye yembali Vladimir eNtshona Koloni ngokuba isixeko 'omtsha'. Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo ukuba engqongwe iinqaba ezinkulu. Kuba zokuzikhusela neentshaba bebexhotyiswa emigodini abamalunga nama-9 iimitha eziphakamileyo. Bagawula iindonga oqingqiweyo ka inqaba. Ekuqaleni, kule ndawo yamandulo isixeko esangweni nenqaba ezine, ezintathu kuzo ezazakhiwe njengoko ngamaplanga.

"Vetchany" okanye "omdala", Umzi kwimpuma ye Vladimir yamandulo. Endaweni apha Posad. Le ndawo, engaphandle yesicelo, Vladimir, ogama imbali iye yaziwa Ukuhlasela ezininzi. Ngoko ke, kwecala, lowo ezindongeni incwadi yesicelo, rhoqo kwafuneka akhusele baloo dolophu.

Ngemihla benganga Andreya Bogolyubskogo le yinxalenye sixeko ikhuselwe ziindonga ngomthi kunye nemithi. Ngoko nangoko kwakusekho ezinye emasangweni ilitye elimhlophe, ezaziwa ngokuba Silver. Noko ke, iindonga yeplanga wabola kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kungenxa yale okwimpuma mzi kuthiwa "vetchany". Eli gama ngengqiqo mihla elilingana 'endala. "

Ngowe-1157, uVladimir wayengomnye sezixeko eziphambili Russia. Isibakala sokuba Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii wathabatha itayitile Grand Duke. Wabelwa kuye emva kwakhe, ukongezelela Vladimir, sekunjalo Suzdal nabaphethwe nokukhula, kwakunye Moore naseKiev. Kwakhona musa ukulibala ukuba ESmolensk, Ryazan kunye Novgorod, wagcina akhe. lobuzwilakhe okunjalo ukunganeliseki okukhulu phakathi izinduna, abo bazama ukuxhathisa impembelelo ye Bogolyubsky epheleleyo.

yoyo Esoyika, uAndreya waza ukuxhobisa isakhiwo enqatyisiweyo ngoyaba kummandla Vladimir. Yena ngokukhawuleza kwakufuneka ibhotwe kakuhle ezikhuselweyo. Noko ke, ngenxa yembali siyazi ukuba ezinde kunye neendonga eziphakamileyo oko singasindisi.

Ngowe-1174, yena wagwazwa ukufa iingangamsha kwakhe kuloo lali Bogolyubovo.

Tatar ukuhlasela

Vladimir yesicelo, idilesi, ongenamlibo Communal, 70, wahlaselwa kuhlasela ozimiseleyo Tatar-Mongol. Nangona imeko yezopolitiko noqoqosho umzi, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku, iye kakhulu engxakini Batu Khan. Yaba esinye sezixeko zokuqala wabandezeleka ukususela ayehlasela Tatar-Mongol. Ngowe-1238, abahlaseli amaninzi amajoni iintente kufutshane iindonga zesixeko. Ukuziphendulela ekhokelwa oonyana Vsevolodovich, ogama Vsevolod kunye Mstislav.

Bafuna kulwa neentshaba, kodwa ke ibutho ukuba wasivuna isixeko sasisincinane kakhulu. Uninzi yomkhosi Russian waya phezu komlambo Hlala, apho phantse-isikali imikhosi Russian wabhengezwa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umbusi wendawo Peter Oslyadyukovich, awonisa wawalwela Vladimir, bagqiba ukugcina ukuziphendulela evela imigodi.

I Tartars akazange nangoko isigqibo lokuhlasela onqatyisiweyo kakuhle Vladimir yesicelo. Balinda. Batu kumisa phambi kweSango Golden. Yakwazi ukuba kuphanga Suzdal kunye Vladimir akazange ababulale bonke.

Kulo mzekelo, i AmaTatar ebefuna ukuzoba abachasi zibe longquzulwano evulekileyo. Kuba oku, bade babulala inkosana oselula Vladimir Yuryevich, owathunyelwa endingumbanjwa kwi-Battle of eMoscow. Kungenzeka, emva Mstislav, Vsevolod waqalisa ezama kubalungisa, umninawa wakhe.

city Sturm

NgoFebruwari, i AmaTatar yaqalisa bombardment omkhulu we Vladimir yesicelo. Basebenzisa izixhobo zokungqinga. abavikeli aloo mzi, wazama ukuba anikezele. Kodwa Vsevolod oselula, abashiya ngesipho ukwenza uxolo, wabulawa ngokwemiyalelo Batu.

Le bombardment kweendonga i Vladimir yesicelo isiqaqa. Nangona kunjalo, le abavikeli bakwazi ukugcina ukhuseleko kummandla New Town. Ngosuku olulandelayo ukuhlasela liphindwe. Engavumi ukushiya Gate Golden kuphela. amacandelo Huge eludongeni kufutshane esangweni wasezantsi yatshabalala.

Tatar-Mongols ukoyisa izisele atyhoboza, angena kulo mzi ngexesha elifanayo kwiikona ezahlukeneyo. Emini ukuba ekugqibeleni wayithimba.

Vladimir lehla

Emva kokoyiswa i-Tatar-Mongols ukubaluleka esixeko njengeziko ngamandla kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko uwile kakhulu. Ngelo xesha waqhubeka ngokusesikweni ingqalelo esinye sezixeko ezinkulu Russian. Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1299 kwaba apha elisembindini sokuhlala of metropolitans Russian.

Ekugqibeleni isabalulekile neAfrika aloo dolophu kwinkulungwane XIV. Palm waya eMoscow. Kuvuselelwa Vladimir kunye yesicelo wakhe waqalisa kuphela ebudeni bolawulo Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Esi sixeko waqala ukulungisa iinqaba, angenayo ukwehla ekhethekileyo.

Ekhulwini XVIII

Vladimir yesicelo, imbali kunye nenkcazelo leyo thaca kweli nqaku, ngenkulungwane XVIII, idlale indima ebalulekileyo inkcubeko mzi. Nangona umthetho uPetros I yasekwa kwiPhondo eMoscow. Vladimir iye yenziwa kulo njengomnye wemizi yephondo.

Kulo mzekelo, kuba ilizwe nje umzi uphela liya ukulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo. Oku ngakumbi emva kokuba Aleksandra Nevskogo izinto zaye zathuthwa eSt Petersburg ukomeleza igunya kwikomkhulu elitsha. Emva koko amagosa akwizikhundla eziphezulu, yaye bonke baqalisa ukuba zenzeke neze Vladimir.

Ngoku ke yesicelo wahlala inxalenye kuphela. Uninzi lwalo wamginya phantse ngokupheleleyo.