I-West Siberian Plain: izimbiwa, indawo, inkcazo

Kwihlabathi kukho isithuba phantse kukhulu kunye mphandle tyaba, efana West Siberian Plain. Izimbiwa, zenzeka kule ndawo, esafunyanwa 1960. Ukususela ngoko, lo larder yendalo ezixabiseke ngokukodwa karhulumente wethu.

Ubudala eWest Siberian Plain uthi ukuba ziqulathe isixa esikhulu lwezibonelelo. Ngomhla kuphuhliso amasimi ezininzi emantla kufuna ixesha elongezelelweyo kunye nomgudu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngenxa indawo enkulukazi imigxobhozo kwindawo ezifana West Siberian Plain, le izimbiwa kumbiwa ngendleko umgudu omkhulu.

indawo

I-West Siberian Plain ise emideni plate Epihercynian. I wasibeka phezu ezweni Asia yaye ligubungela phantse yonke into inxalenye Western eSiberia, ukuqala ezintabeni phambene nesiphelo i Central Siberian Plateau.

Kweli kucace zifumaneka kwimimandla Russia, Kazakhstan. Le ndawo iyonke kulo mmandla ukuze ngeekhilomitha ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezithathu. Umgama ukusuka emantla ukuya ezantsi ezimbini ezinesiqingatha amawaka, yaye ukusuka empuma kuye entshona - a elinethoba lamakhulu kweekhilomitha.

Inkcazelo West Siberian Plain

Le ndawo umgangatho kunye encopho kancinane exutywe kunye ukuhla zincinane eziphakamileyo isalamane. Konke oku kubangela ukuba zonation ocacileyo landscape.

Inkcazelo West Siberian Plain inika isalathiso zoqobo izakhiwo zendalo le ndawo. Kwi kwinxalenye esemantla kummandla alawulwa eyetundra nakumzantsi welula emathafeni. Ngenxa yokuba mmandla kakuhle amanzi, inxalenye enkulu singene marshland kunye kumgxobhozo amahlathi. Le ndawo iyonke kwezi ndawo abangaphezu kwekhulu elinamanci mabini anesibhozo million hectares. Ngenxa iimpawu zelizwe imozulu ekuthethwa esiguquguqukayo.

Ubume bale amathafa

Ubume owahlukeneyo West Siberian Plain. Kubunzulu olukhulu amatye Paleozoic, leyo ilawulwa ngokwemithetho neetyuwa eziphakathi-Cenozoic. Formation imele zaselwandle Mesozoic kunye needipozithi yelizwekazi kwezinto eziphilayo.

Ubume bale West Siberian Plain libhekisela ukutshintsha ngokuphindaphindiweyo nemiqathango yolawulo kwemozulu kunye neentlenge kule ipleyiti. Oku lula ukushiywa yayo kwixesha lokuqala Mesozoic.

ngodongwe Grey, welitye lodaka, sandstones glauconite zimela iidipozithi Paleogene. yokuzuza kwawo kwenzeka emazantsi olwandle Paleogene, nto leyo kanga nge Arctic isitya e Central Asia kwiilwandle ngokuthotywa Turgai Strait. Kamva, phakathi kwe Oligocene, le ulwandle ushiye i eSiberia Koloni. Kulo mba, i neetyuwa Paleocene ephezulu kukho intlabathi-udongwe facies yezwekazi.

utshintsho omkhulu yobume awo intlenga zenzeka kwi Neogene. Kuye kwasekwa iliwa, leyo liphuma icala langasezantsi kwithafa kwaye ibandakanya neetyuwa lwezwekazi imilambo namachibi. nokudaleka kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko olulula ezincinane ipatishini, ejongana utyani nefumileyo, ngoko emahlathini broadleaf avuthulukayo. Kwezinye iindawo kube yinto enokwenzeka ukuba umiwe neendlulamthi, hipparions, iinkamela loo Amathafa ntsimi.

Inkqubo ukubunjwa kwezimbiwa

Ukubeka i West Siberian Plain busenza ukuba ubukho ongaphantsi elisongiweyo Paleozoic [iidipozithi. Ezi iidipozithi okubi iquka zaselwandle Case kunye eziphakathi-ePhakamileyo rocks yelizwekazi (udongwe, isanti kunye like). Oku kunika isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba kwezinye iindawo ubudala nasemaweni West Siberian Plain ufikelela kwiminyaka lezigidi enye okanye ngaphezulu.

Ngenxa kokushiywa imbasa kwi amachibi nzulu kwakukho zemali kwezinto eziphilayo leyo kamva akubanga zilondolozwe phantsi neetyuwa. Ngenxa yoxinzelelo kunye nokuqhelana amaqondo shushu baqalisa ukwakha izimbiwa. Mathiriyeli kuphumela wafuduselwa kwicala kunye nengcinezelo aphantsi. Ngenxa yezi nkqubo yeoli sasivela nzulu indawo bayavuswa, kunye uqhagamshelo igesi ekupheleni kwentsimi bahamba yokuqubha. Ngaphezu iindawo ukuphakama liphezulu amaqula na oliliwa ngentlenga - udongwe.

izibonelelo ezikhoyo

Ngenxa umsebenzi komhlaba kuloo ntsimi, njengoko West Siberian Plain, izimbiwa bafumanisa kule ndawo, waba isiseko esomeleleyo ukwenzela uphuhliso Western eSiberia. Apha apha izibonelelo mhlaba negesi yendalo, intsimbi, lignite, ioli.

Kuphuhliso amaqula e Western eSiberia ukuba utsala izixa ezikhulu ioli. neetyuwa ezitofotofo baba lula kugrunjwa. Enye i zinhanha kunye Osenyangweni-umgangatho intsimi oyile ke West Siberian Plain. Nezithako misela apha iminyaka engaphezu mahlanu. Eli chibi likhulu ke ioli West eSiberia kunye negesi. Ngaphakathi kwemida Khanty-Mansiysk syncline kunye nezithili Krasnoselskaya Salym kunye Surgut kwi zokusekwa kwe-Bazhenov Formation indawo enkulu kunazo zonke kwilizwe lethu oovimba ioli shale. Bona geni kubunzulu kweekhilomitha ezimbini.

Cuffs entlenga engena elundini yamanzi ephantsi komhlaba acocekileyo kunye saline. Kwakhona, kukho imithombo yamanzi ashushu, leyo ubushushu ziyohluka kuluhlu ikhulu ukuya ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu degrees.

I-West Siberian Plain: izimbiwa (itheyibhile)

Ngoko ke, lo isakhiwo West Siberian Plain ibonisa amatye ayo ubudala ndawo kunye nobukho zezimbiwa zizityebi. Ngaphandle koku, kukho ingxaki yophuhliso lwe-oyile negesi. Yena phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zendalo. Ubomi umsebenzi wabantu kumntla imimoya ebandayo kunye high kukrakra inzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Umhlaba kwi emantla eziqhotyoshelwe permafrost, ulwakhiwo kubonakala ngoko umsebenzi olula. Ehlotyeni, ukwandisa inani izinambuzane igazi-owanyayo ukuba ukudala ukuntsonkotha umsebenzi.

endaweni yesiphelo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umbuzo usahleli ukhuseleko eyiyo nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo Western eSiberia. intshabalalo yokuphanga kobume bendawo ngekwendalo kunokukhokelela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo yokuba inkqubo yendalo ezihambelanayo, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka ukuba bangalwi ukucinezela ukuvumelana kwalo.