Yabemi Andorra: labemi, uhlanga

karhulumente yesikhumbuzo, ame kumathambeka akumazantsi zasePyrenees elumelwaneni lwaloo France kunye Spain, Andorra, unembali ende kunye ezizodwa. Inani labemi likarhulumente Andorra yeyona umxube engaqhelekanga beentlanga, kodwa abemi belizwe bazibiza Andorrans yaye bayazingca kakhulu ukuthetha kwilizwe labo. Ngubani na lo gama nebhongo - andorrets? Qwalasela iimpawu kunye neempawu abemi beli lizwe.

polity

I seLizwe Andorra Valley bobabo i mini-states of Europe. Ukohluka kweli lizwe, nangona abamelwane ezinamandla afana eSpeyin kunye neFransi, iyakwazi iinkulungwane ezininzi ukulondoloza inkululeko yawo. Yabemi Andorra phambi 1993 pay ulongamo irhafu yabo kuRhulumente French kunye Bishop of Urgell.

elilawulayo eliyiNtloko yomzimba yelizwe - Jikelele Council of asezintlanjeni. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, wahlala amandla nominal labathetheli, kodwa namhlanje enze imisebenzi becala ummeli. State kwisivumelwano kunye nabamelwane mkhulu akukho umkhosi, eli lizwe benza kukhuselo eFransi Spain, umyalelo lwangaphakathi ngenkxaso yamapolisa.

Ulingo ophambili Andorra ebizwa kwiNkundla kaMantyi, nazo iinkundla siseko, njengowongamileyo-mthetho. isixeko salapho isixeko Andorra la Vella, ebekwe phezulu ezintabeni. Ilizwe banenkcubeko eyahluke mpela engafani, leyo ugalelwe iingcambu iSpanish kwaye French, kodwa isiseko yesiko kanye ungubani abantu limisela ingcamango yawo yokuvelela kunye nokuzimela. Kuba abemi belizwe omncinane kubaluleke kakhulu ukulondoloza iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo ngabamelwane zawo, ngoko ke Andorrans bayazazisa ngenyameko imibhiyozo zabo zenkcubeko izithethe. Kukho ezininzi bemithendeleko iziganeko, uninzi lwazo onenkolo ngokwendalo.

geography

Andorra - lizwe weentaba, akukho sizathu ngaphantsi kweemitha 900 ngentla komgangatho wolwandle. It is a ilizwe elincinane, owesithandathu le incinane ehlabathini, ibekwe entilini kumzantsi zasePyrenees. indawo yayo malunga 450 ezikwere zeekhilomitha.

Kubume eli lizwe - entabeni, kukho inani elikhulu imilambo, amahlathi kunye namathafa amancinci phakathi kweentili phakathi ntaba. Yabemi Andorra umntu oqhele yokuba kufuneka siphile iimeko kunokuba ngqwabalala. Kukho ilizwe kakhulu ukuba kulinywa, kodwa ngenxa kufutshane yoLwandle iMeditera azigubungela iintaba imilambo moya wasentla bayazibhijabhija intaba nefumileyo kwemozulu, okulungileyo kakhulu impilo. Apha elide, kodwa ubusika obuzolileyo noko ezininzi kwemvula. Iqondo yonyaka avareji ezihlanjeni yi degrees 22. Ezintabeni, Kakade ke, yokubanda, ingakumbi ebusika.

ulwimi

Yabemi Andorra kwi uninzi ukuthetha Catalan. Kuye kwasekwa njengenxalenye ye-Gallo-Romance. Catalan ikufutshane isiFrentshi, lowo ke lweengcambu ngaphezu iSpanish, aye kuphela nempembelelo efanayo. Kulo ulwimi, oluthethwa malunga-40% yabemi. Kancinane ngaphezulu kwama-30% bazibonakalise ngeSpanish, malunga ne-15% - in Portuguese. Kwelinye iilwimi akhawunti ukuba kukho inani elincinane labahlali. Kulo mzekelo, IsiNgesi kwakhona ngokubanzi liphele Andorra, ingakumbi kwiindawo yabakhenkethi.

Hlola History

Iqashiso lokuqala yokupaka kwi ummandla lizwe, abembi asusela Ice Age. Abemi lokuqala ungenzi of Andorra - amaRoma, owathi ngo-220 BC wathimba ilizwe, bazisa apha ngolwimi lwabo kwakunye nenkcubeko yabo. Phantsi igunya kummandla waseRoma wahlala de iminyaka 414. Emva kweli xesha ilizwe yayilawulwa zezizwe amaVisigoth.

Isiseko isimo Andorra wothulelw kwi uCharlemagne, owathi ngo-790, inkululeko kuqinisekisa kula mazwe. Woyisa nabaphumi-Saracens ngoncedo abemi entilini Andorra. Ngenxa yoko, wabiza abantu nokumkani wamnika ukhuseleko yakhe. Imeko yaba yinxalenye ibhishopu ka Urgell.

Ngo-817, eli lizwe ngokusemthethweni yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi amakhosi, Louis bosuku ezinikwe uWele Enkulu Duchy ye-Freedom Charter. kwiinkulungwane eziliqela ilizwe abafumana kuphangwa bahlaseli, kodwa angaphumelela ngempumelelo kubo. Ngowe-1278 isivumelwano esatyikitywa ngomhla ulongamo exananazileyo Andorra. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili she imbeko (ngohlobo lokutya) waseFransi kunye Priste Urgell (Spain). Le meko namandla de-1993, xa i-siseko omtsha Andorra yasetyenziswa. Ukususela ngelo xesha, urhulumente uba lilungu le-UN, ngo-1994, njengenxalenye ye- Council of Europe.

Le Dynamics nobuninzi bayo

labantu Andorra (ngo-2015 ka-71.000 zabantu) ene umkhwa ngobulali ekukhuleni, ukuchuma kudaleke imizabalazo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokufa. Ezi nzame ekuveliseni iziphumo, kuvezwa yokuqala ngoku phantse kabini phezulu yesibini. Kunyaka kulindeleke ngokuzalwa kwabantwana 700 kunye nokufa abantu malunga 450. inani Izinga lokukhula abemi kufuneka zifike ngo-2016 omnye umntu ngamnye ngosuku.

Kummandla Andorra - 468 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Aphila, njengoko sele sibonile, abantu 71 000. Ngenxa yoko, izibalo elula ukuvumela ukuba siqonde ukuba Ubuninzi babantu kweli lizwe abantu 153 square kilometre. Kuthatha 48 indawo ehlabathini kwesi salathisi. Thelekisa, ngamanye amazwe ezincinanana - Monaco - ukuxinana abantu 16,000 square kilometre.

kuqamba yobuhlanga

E Andorra, kukho iimeko ngendlela engqongqo ukuze abafudukayo, ngoko apha kukho abantu abambalwa, ikakhulu ngokunxulumene ukuhamba kwamaza zembali. Kodwa ilizwe ongenakuwelwa notyekelo uphawu ukuba kunikwe kwakho abantu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngoko ke, yabemi Andorra, ubuzwe leyo enalo iyantlukwano, akukwazeki eyohlobo olulodwa. nokubunjwa kwayo uhlanga ibonisa amanqanaba kunye neempawu yelizwe sokubhatala. 45,9% abemi andorrantsy. Ikoloni inkulu yabasemzini - a Spanish (26.37% yabo bebonke). I-Portuguese enza 14.2%, isiFrentshi - kancinane ngaphantsi kwe-5%, i-British - 1.27%, ezinye izizwe - 7.32%.

Age kuphakanyiswa

Ukusasazwa labemi ubudala lungekavelisi oku kulandelayo. Udibaniso yobudala Andorra - kweminyaka 42.4. Iminyaka Ubomi iminyaka 82,6, ngokwale salathisi, eli lizwe zeeteksi yesixhenxe ehlabathini. Ngelo xesha 15.6% yenani lilonke Andorrans - abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15.

Yabemi Andorra, apho abantwana-mbalwa, kanti, njengoko kukho umngcipheko ukuya kwiqela ezifana kwilizwe ezidala. Le inkulu Iqela ubudala kwabahlali - yinto yabantu yokusebenza-ubudala abaneminyaka eyi-16 ukuya 64, oko 71,4%. Iqela labantu abadala-13%. Loo inani labantu abadala kunye nokunyuka kweminyaka yokuphila ekunokuthiwa ilizwe Andorra wokwaluphala yezibalo. Oku kuya kwandisa inani labantu yobudala ihloniphekile, oko kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu kwezoqoqosho, urhulumente kakhulu benza isisombululo kule ngxaki yezibalo.

Umlinganiselo woxhomekeko

2016 yabantu Andorra ngabantu 71.000, ngoxa le nxalenye inkulu - yabantu yokusebenza-ubudala. Esi salathisi ivumela ukubala umlinganiselo yokuxhomekeka lilonke - kuba yi-40%. Eli nani jikelele iphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inani labantu ukusebenza ngokulula inkxaso abantwana babo. Isiqinisekiso ubudlelwane phakathi ukusebenza labemi abahlali abadala kwaye ivumela ukuba zibale inani le umthwalo pension Andorra oko 18.2%. Ngamafutshane, kunye okwandayo kweminyaka yokuphila nezinga ukuzalwa ephantsi sisalathisi yingozi, nto leyo ithi eli lizwe liya kuba nzima ukugcina umhlalaphansi yayo.

Isini kunye nobudala iphiramidi e Andorra imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- phambi kweminyaka yobudala abantu kwiminyaka eli-15 ubudala kweli lizwe namhlanje 5760, abafazi - 5456;

- phakathi kweminyaka amadoda-16 ukuya kuma-65 26726, abafazi - 24602;

- phezu kweminyaka engama-65 amadoda kunye nabafazi ngokulinganayo - 4661.

Le modeli uthi Andorra - ilizwe banciphise, regressing okanye ukwaluphala uhlobo. Ngenxa yoko, izinga wolayisho pension kunye nethemba ezothusayo lizwe ukuqinisekisa abadala. A intsingiselo efanayo ngoku waphawula phantse onke amazwe aseYurophu, yaye ilizwe ngalinye uzama ukusombulula le ngxaki ngokwayo. Kumazwe amaninzi, lususwe ngenxa yokufika abafakwa, kodwa ngenxa Andorra ngale ndlela cishe akunakwenzeka.

umahluko ngokwesini

Manani ukwabiwa ngesondo abemi beli lizwe ubonisa ukuba inani lwamabhinqa lingaphantsi koko babantu. Xa ndandineminyaka engama-15, umahluko kukuba abantu malunga 300. Xa mdala, lo mahluko - amawaka 2 abantu, yaye kuphela ebudaleni inani imigangatho leyo equalized. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba abantu Andorra, apho abantu baphile ngaphantsi ngokubanzi kwe abafazi ngaphandle ihambelana nokungena zangaphandle, kwaye kukho ngaphakathi kwimida zokubeleka zendalo, nenkwenkwe lisoloko azalwe ngakumbi, yaye kwiminyaka ethile ukuba ukusinda ngcono.

umnotho

Ukuqwalasela yabemi Andorra, kwiingingqi ngeengingqi liphela, ungabona iimpawu ezithile. Ngexesha yakutshanje, abantu balapha becala ayehlala emizaneni ezincinane, iintsapho 5-6, kodwa lexinene meko yaba phezulu ngokubanzi.

Namhlanje, abahlali becala bafudukela zixeko kunye nezo lali Andorra bit. Oku kungenxa yokuba uqoqosho lweli lizwe. Andorra - ilizwe ikhona ngenxa becala kukhenketho (80% inzuzo). Kuyinto yiparadesi kuyinyaniso ezemidlalo yasebusika, kunye malunga 9 million abakhenkethi kufika apha nyaka ngamnye.

Ngokwe-GDP eli lizwe phezu kwendawo 19 ehlabathini. On nommandla wayo ngokuyintloko icuba, ifenitshala, iikawusi kunye ngezandla. Yonke imveliso ukusetyenziswa eziphambili ingeniswe Andorra. uncedo Uqoqosho olukhulu isivumelwano kurhwebo simahla, nto leyo eyenza inani iimveliso zitshiphu kumazwe angabamelwane. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni abantu baseSpeyin kunye French Ngokufuthi Andorra usuku eyothenga, ukuthenga ubukhulu becala icuba notywala.

umsebenzi

Ingakumbi uqoqosho kukhokelela ekubeni icandelo nkonzo isebenza 94,4% yabantu, ngaphantsi kwe-1% bazibandakanya kwezolimo, kushishino - 4.7%. On xesha e Andorra kuza ezininzi abasebenzi, nto leyo evumela yokugubungela iimfuno izibonelelo zokusebenza ezongezelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukwadala ingxaki yengqesho nabantu basekuhlaleni. Izinga kweli lizwe - 2.9%. Iimpawu kwimalike yabasebenzi kukhokelela kukuba yabemi Andorra, ingakumbi abasetyhini, ayisoloko nako ukufumana umsebenzi. Ukuze galelo likhulu kumayelana besini zembonakalo kweminyaka engama-25-45 kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo.