Yamangcwaba of Halicarnassus: imbali lolwakhiwo bokwakha

Kufuphi nedolophu Turkish ka Bodrum kubekwe njengenye yemimangaliso esixhenxe yehlabathi - le yamangcwaba ka Halicarnassus. Yavele kule ndawo kwazenzekela, ngokuba kumaxesha amandulo kwakukho ikomkhulu eli ngaphansi wamaPersi ka Caria, eyaziwa ngokuba Halicarnassus.

indaba

City Halicarnassus yasekwa liSebe amaGrike ngewaka we2. BC. e. Embindini kwewaka 1st, waba phantsi kolawulo kubukhosi basePersi. Yamangcwaba of Halicarnassus yakhiwa kwinkulungwane yesi-4. BC njengoko engcwabeni ngenxa Khangela satrap Maussollos (377g.-353 BC. e.) kunye nomfazi wakhe Artemisia II. Ngenxa yesi sakhiwo Maussollos waqalisa ebiza lo yamangcwaba (Gr. Mausoleion). Ukwakhiwa engcwabeni yaqala ngexesha lokudla Mausolus, kunjalo, ukuya ulwakhiwo yokugqibela, akazange aphile. Ngokutsho legend, ulwakhiwo yamangcwaba kwakhokelela Artemisia, owandithandayo umyeni wakhe wayefuna ziyaluthundeza inkumbulo yakhe. Ngoko ke, i Umakhi of Halicarnassus idla ngokuba oqingqiweyo lothando. Itsala amawaka abakhenkethi.

Yamangcwaba of Halicarnassus wabetha ingqalelo lwabahambi iminyaka 1800, kodwa ngenkulungwane ye-13 kuyo yatshatyalaliswa yinyikima olomeleleyo. Ngenkulungwane ye-15 ngomhla emanxuweni yamangcwaba le Crusaders wakha imboniselo St Peter. emarmore emhlophe, Lingcwaba iiyunithi ngaphambili zasetyenziselwa ukwakha esi sakhiwo. Xa Crusaders khutshelwa ngaphandle, enqabeni waba Turkish Bodrum Castle. Ngenkulungwane ye-19 le yamangcwaba yaba isiseko eqingqiweyo eliqela. Bodrum Inqaba e Bodrum sibaluleke kangaka, kunye namatye yamangcwaba kunokubonwa kubume bayo. Ngomhla kummandla ingcwaba ngokwayo, ungabona amabhodlo kunye imyuziyam encinci imbali Halicarnassus.

bokwakha

Yamangcwaba e Halicarnassus, kwangaxeshanye badlale indima kaThixo indlu. ukwakhiwa kwayo zabandakanya bezakhiwo ikhawulelane nowayo Greece kaThixo naseThule. Akukho kangako kwi ekudalweni yamangcwaba kudlale abakroli edumileyo, ezifana Scopas, Brikasid, Leochares noTimoti.

Ke ukuba izakhiwo, kule sakhiwo kwakukho umxube banezimbo. Ukongeza, kwingcwaba Mausolus imilo ezahlukeneyo engaqhelekanga kunye nobukhulu enkulu. Halicarnassus yamangcwaba indawo kwaba 5000 m² nobude -. 20 m Isiseko yi uxande 5-tiered ukuba zazizaliswe Iizilebhu zemarmore emhlophe. Isakhiwo ezihonjiswe owawukuDonga elingumfanekiso - imikrolo emarmore emhlophe, into ebonisa imfazwe kwamaGrike Amazons. Ubude owawukuDonga iye yachazwa ngu 117 m. Ngoku, ezinye emangcwabeni abo imikrolo kwi kwiMyuziyam yaseBritani.

Engcwabeni ibekwe periptera, apho ibekwe phezu emazantsi. Yena, ke, Wayengqongwe 39 imihlathi eemitha-11. Bakhonza wandixhasa uphahla. ekhutshwe Last nje iphiramidi izame, iqulathe izigaba 24. Phaya phezulu eluphahleni labazobi kukho quadriga ibhastile. Lo inqwelo mandulo itsalwa ngamahashe ezine. It is a Umfanekiso Mausolus kunye Artemisia. marble sarcophagi sibini zasebukhosini ibekwe ngaphakathi engcwabeni. Isibalo olucokisekileyo sakhiwo njengoko kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo abakhweli kunye neengonyama emarmore emhlophe, into kwi emazantsi yamangcwaba. Yamangcwaba of Halicarnassus wayengafani zonke ninjengamangcwaba wayekho phambi kwakhe, ngokufanele ngaleyo ingqalelo umqondiso yehlabathi.