Yintoni inkqubo yokunyula nguMongameli Russian Federation

I-Russia, ngokweentetho zamagosa amaninzi, i- republic republic. Uninzi lwegunya lugxininiswe ezandleni zentloko kaRhulumente ekhethwe ngabantu. Enyanisweni, yiziphi iinkqubo amaRashiya akhetha uMongameli wabo? Ziziphi iimfuno zabaviwa kwi-ofisi ephakamileyo yoluntu?

Ukhetho lukaMongameli waseRashiya: iinkalo ezibalulekileyo

UMgaqo-siseko weRussia Federation uchaza indlela ekhethekileyo apho ukhetho lukaMongameli weRussia Federation lubanjelwa khona - eli livoti ngqo yabantu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kumnye umgaqo-siseko welizwe ungatsho ngenye indlela (kubakho babaviwa abaningana kwisithuba senkokheli karhulumente), kodwa kwezinye iinkqubo zomthetho le nto ichazwa ngokwaneleyo iinkcukacha.

Umntu unokufaka isicelo sokuba nguMongameli waseRussia Federation ukuba sele sele eseneminyaka engama-35 ubudala. Le ngenye yeendlela eziphambili zabaviwa. Enye imfuneko ebalulekileyo-ukuhlala eRashiya iminyaka engama-10 ngelixesha lonyulo. Ngelo xesha, njengoko abanye abagwebi bathi, akukho mqondiso ocacileyo kwimithetho yeRussia Federation yokuba kuphela umntu ozelwe eRashiya angaba ngumviwa kwi-post of president of Russian Federation.

Abafaki zicelo bachongwa njani? Umntu unokuba ngumviwa xa etyunjwe liqela labemi abemi okanye umbutho wokhetho. Ukuzikhethela kwakhona kunokwenzeka. Cinga ngolu hlobo malunga neemfuno zabafakizicelo kwi-ofisi ephakamileyo yoluntu eRussian Federation, ngokubanzi.

Ukutyunjwa kwabaviwa: imiba

Ziziphi iindlela zokuthatha inxaxheba kwabathathi-khetho kunyulwa kwintloko? Inkqubo yokunyula uMongameli weRussia Federation iquka imithetho elandelayo malunga nale nxalenye. Abakhethiweyo kwithuba lentloko yaseRashiya, njengoko sichazwe ngasentla, sinokuthatha inxaxheba kokhetho lonxibelelwano kunye nokudityaniswa kwemibutho yoluntu-ezi zinto zihlala ziqela.

Kwimeko yokuqala, ummi onqwenela ukufumana amandla kaMongameli waseRashiya ezandleni zakhe, nangona yena ngokwakhe utyunjelwe, kodwa ke kufuneka athole inkxaso yancinci yabalingani bakhe abangama-500. Ngelo xesha, umviwa wesithuba se-intloko yombuso kufuneka ukuba abhalise "iqela lokuxhasa" kwi-CEC ngendlela efanelekileyo. Kwimeko yesibini, xa iqela liphakamisa umviwa, umbutho woluntu kufuneka ube nobhaliso olusemthethweni kwiirejistara zombuso. Ukusebenza kwayo ubuncinane ngonyaka ngaphambi kokhetho lonyulo lukazwelonke. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba, ngaphandle kokuba umviwa otyunjwe yiqela, yena ngokwakhe akafanele abe ilungu lalo. Ukungabambisani komphakathi okwakumelwe kwiPalamente kunokuxhasa kuphela umviwa omnye wokonyulwa njengeNtloko kaRhulumente.

Kuzo zombini iziganeko - ukutyunjwa okanye ukuxhaswa yinkampani - umviwa weposi loMongameli unyanzelekile ukuba anikezele kwi-CEC ubuncinane iigidi eziyi-1. Bafanele bavume umviwa ofanelekileyo. Ngethuba elifanayo, inani elikhulu lamasayinela kuzo zonke zezifundo ze-federation akufanele lidlulele kumawaka angama-70. Umviwa angadlula le mfuneko ukuba asebenzise inkxaso yenkampani enegunya elikhoyo kwi-State Duma.

Ukulungiselela nokuziphatha kokhetho

Ukhetho lwenkokheli yaseRashiya lonyulwe yindlu ephezulu ye-Federal Assembly. Isigqibo esifanelekileyo kufuneka senziwe ngeli gunya kungekudala kwiinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi komhla wokuphakanyiswa koMongameli. Ukuba kubonakala ukuba abaviwa abangama-35 abangekho uluhlu lonyulo lweentsuku ezingama-35 phambi komhla otyunjweyo, unyulo luya kuhlehliselwa ezinye iintsuku ezingama-60.

Njengomthetho, iphulo liqala sele linyanga eziliqela ngaphambi komhla wokuvota kwentloko kaRhulumente eRashiya. Abaviwa abafuna ukunqoba abathembekileyo bemihlali babandakanyeka kwiintengiso zezombusazwe, bahlele iingxoxo, ukuqhuba imisebenzi enokuyilungisa umfanekiso wabo omuhle emehlweni abovoti.

Ukhetho lukaMongameli weRussia Federation lubanjwe ngeCawa yokuqala yenyanga apho abemi belizwe lethu beya kwiivenyuli zokuvota ngexesha langaphambili. Umthetho unika ithuba lokukhetha ukuba iBhunga leFranshini, nangaliphi na isizathu, abayi kubaqesha ngexesha eliyimfuneko. Kule meko, inkqubo yokunyulwa kukaMongameli weRashiya yeRashiya yile ndlela iqela liwela ezandleni ze-CEC. Eli qumrhu liqoka, kwaye liqhuba unyulo kwimeko yesibini ngeCawa yesibini apho iNkundla ye-Federation ibeka ngokuqhelekileyo isiganeko esifanelekileyo.

Ukhetho

Ukuba umviwa othunyelwe kwintloko yentloko ufumane ngaphezu kwama-50% wamavoti, ngokukhawuleza uba nguMongameli okhethiweyo. Ukuba isininzi esilula - isondlo sesibini sinikezelwe. Enyanisweni yokuziphatha kwakhe, uMongameli uba ngumntu onokubakho okungenani 1 ngaphezulu kwamavoti kunomdlali wakhe.

Imigaqo yokuPhatha

Ixesha lokunyulwa kukaMongameli waseRussia Federation, elisungulwe ngumthetho, liyiminyaka engama-6. Ngelo xesha, amandla akhe apheli ukuzaliseka ngokukhawuleza ukuba inkunzi entsha yombuso ingena kwiofisi. Umthetho unika iziganeko phantsi kokuba uMongameli angakwazi ukurhoxisa kwi-ofisi. Kule meko, iBhunga leNyuvesi libophezelekile ukuba liqeshe unyulo lokuqala lwenkokheli kaRhulumente. Ixesha, ekufuneka lidibane nabasenjeneni, liyi-14 iintsuku ukususela ngexesha uMongameli aphelisa amandla. Usuku lokuvota kweli lixa ngeCawa yokugqibela ngaphambi komhla xa ixesha lokuphela kwe-90 liphelelwa lixesha ukusuka ekuhoxisweni kwentloko karhulumente kwi-ofisi.

Xa unyulo alukwenziwanga

Inkqubo yokonyula uMongameli waseRussia Federation ivumela ukuba ityala xa unyulo lwentloko yeburhulumenteni luchazwa ngokungavumelekanga. Yile nini le nto? Isimo sokuqala: sidlulile umjikelo wesibini, kodwa umviwa nguye kuphela umntu, kwaye ukhethwa ngu-50% wabemi. Kwakhona, unyulo lungabhengezwa ukuba aluvumelekanga ukuba akukho mntu wabaviwa ofumene ngaphezu kwesigamu samavoti kwinqanaba lokuqala. Olunye ukhetho - ngelixesha lo lonyulo, bonke abaviwa baye bahoxiswa kuhlanga lomongameli. Kwakhona, inkqubo ekhethiweyo yokhetho iya kubhengezwa ukuba ayifanelekanga ukuba ukuvulwa kwaba ngaphantsi kwe-50% yabavoto ababhalisiwe. Cinga ngeempawu zentlangano yesibini.

Unyulo lwesibili lonyulo

Inkqubo yokonyula uMongameli weRussia Federation inikezela ukuba ukhetho lwesibili lo lonyulo lukazwelonke luqhutywa kwiintsuku ezingama-21 emva kokuqala. Ngelo xesha, ukuba omnye wabaviwa abadlulileyo kwisigaba esilandelayo anquma ukuyeka ukuthatha inxaxheba kokhetho, ngoko umntu obonise isiphumo sesithathu kwinqanaba lokuqala uya kuthatha indawo yakhe. Ngelo xesha, imeko iyakwenzeka, xa abemi baseRussian Federation bayonyula uMongameli kwisigaba sesibini ngokuthatha inxaxheba komviwa omnye. Enyanisweni, ngelixa ejikelezweni lwesibini kufuneka athole ubuncinane ama-50% wamavoti abemi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuya kweli nqanaba lomcimbi okhethwe phantsi.

Xa ukhetho aluvumelekanga

Inkqubo yokunyula uMongameli weRussia Federation iquka iinkqubo xa ukhetho luchazwa luphuthi. Oku kunokwenzeka, umzekelo, ukuba iziphumo zokuvota azithembeki ngokwaneleyo ngenxa yokuphulwa. Enye inketho kukuba ukuba inani elikhulu lezikhululo zokuvota (ukwakha ikota enye okanye ngaphezulu kwenani labavoti) livakaliswa ngokungavumelekanga ngesinye sezizathu. Enye imeko - ukhetho luya kunqanda inkundla.

Ukuba ukhetho lwentloko kaRhulumente lufanelekile njengoluhlulekile okanye olungavumelekanga, kwaye nokuba kwinqanaba lesibini ababini abaviwa bayeka ukuthatha inxaxheba kumncintiswano kwi-ofisi kaMongameli, indlu ephezulu yePalamente yaseRashiya yenza inkqubo yokukhethwa kwakhona kwentloko kaRhulumente. Oku kufanele kwenzeke ezinyangeni ezine ezizayo ukususela ngosuku apho kugqitywe ukuba kuqaphele ukhetho oludlulileyo njengengavumelekanga.

Zingaphi kangangoko ungaba nguMongameli?

Njengoko sele sikhankanywe ngasentla, ixesha lokunyulwa kukaMongameli weRussia Federation iminyaka engama-6. Umntu ofanayo akanako ukubeka isikhundla kwixesha elingaphezu kwembini elandelanayo. Ngelo xesha, amandla kaMongameli weRussia Federation angaphinda abuyiselwe kwizandla zommi emva kokuba umlandeli wakhe esebenzise ixesha lakhe kule ndawo.

Ukumiselwa kukaMongameli

Emva kweentsuku ezingama-30 emva kokhetho lwenkokheli yaseRussia kubanjwe kwaye lowo oyinqoba uzimisele kubo, inkqubo yokungena kumongameli okhethiweyo waseRashiya kwi-ofisi iyaphunyezwa. Esi siganeko, njengomyalo, sisasazwa bukhoma kwilizwe nakwezinye iziteshi zeTV kunye nezomathotholo. Abameli bamaziko karhulumente, amaqela, imibutho kawonkewonke yaseRashiya kunye namanye amazwe angaya kwiholo elimisiweyo apho kutyunjwa kukaMongameli.

Ngethuba lo mcimbi, oya kwii-senators zendlu ephezulu yepalamente, abaphathi be-State Duma, kunye nabagwebi beNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yaseRussia Federation, intloko entsha yelizwe yenza isifungo. Emva koko, unokusebenzisa igunya lakhe elisemthethweni de kube lowo ulandelwayo athathe indawo yakhe okanye ade aphinde amkhethe abantu, kunye namandla afanelekileyo omthetho.

Ukutshitshiswa ngesifungo

Isifungo asingeniswe ngumntu ohlala kwindawo ye-intloko yesigqeba sombuso, ukuba lowo uphelile uyeka ukusebenzisa amandla akhe. Ngethuba elifanayo, libuyiselwa nguMongameli osanda kukhethwa waseRussia Federation - njengokuba wawenza kwangaphambili. Intloko yeNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yaseRussian Federation yenza isifungo.

Inkqubo enombuzo ichazwe kwamanye amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezininzi, njengamanye amagqwetha athethayo, uMongameli uthatha isikhundla emva kokufunga kwakhe. Ezi ziqulunqo, ngokukodwa, zikhoyo kwiiNgqungquthela zaseCzech Republic naseSlovakia. Iingcali ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba imimiselo efanayo ifumaneka eRashiya, ngokusekelwe kwimiqathango ethile kwimithetho esemthethweni yelizwe lethu. Ngaloo ndlela, amagqwetha akholelwa ukuba, uMongameli okhethiweyo waseRussian Federation akakwazi ukusemthethweni, ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezisemthethweni, athathe ngaphandle kokuthatha isifungo. Nangona kungekho nqondiso ecacileyo yolu hlobo lwemiphumo kwimithetho yeRussian Federation.

Amalungelo nemisebenzi yentloko kaRhulumente

Ziziphi amalungelo angundoqo kaMongameli waseRashiya emva kokuthatha isikhundla? Amagosa afaka oku okulandelayo:

- ukuqokwa kukaNdunankulu (okanye uSihlalo kaRhulumente);

- Ulawulo lweentlanganiso zikaRhulumente;

- ukuqeshwa kwengxelo yomgaqo-jikelele kawonkewonke;

- Ukumiselwa koRhulumente.

Ngokumalunga namalungelo, intloko yombuso waseRashiya unembopheleleko. Phakathi kwezona zinto ziphambili kukuziphatha komgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle, ukuqaliswa kweebhilile ePalamente, ukusayinwa kweenkqubo ezidlulileyo zokuthotyelwa kwezenzo zomthetho, ukupapashwa kwemithombo yakhe-imimiselo, imiyalelo. Masiqaphele ukuba abanye abagwebi abahluli ma lungelo kaMongameli weRussia Federation kunye nemisebenzi yakhe, becinga ukuba kunzima ukucacisa kule meko imfuneko efanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, uxwebhu olufanayo lweemimiselo, iingcali zithi, zinokuthi zithathwa ngamalungelo.

Inkxaso yonyulo

Iyintoni inkqubo yokonyula uMongameli weRussian Federation ngemali? Ubuninzi bezenzakalo ezinxulumene nokulungiswa kunye nokuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo kokhetho lwenkokheli yaseRashiya zihlawulwa kwi-budget federal. Ngethuba elifanayo, ngamnye umviwa uyafuneka ukuba enze imali yakhe yokufumana inkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo yeziganeko zokhetho.

Ukuchitha imali kwisikhokelo samaziko afanelekileyo, abafake izicelo kwi-ofisi kaMongameli kufuneka, ngokuhambelana neenkqubo zokunika ingxelo ezilawulwa yimithetho yelizwe.

Ukubala kwamavoti nokupapashwa kweziphumo

Ukufunda inkqubo yokonyula uMongameli weRussia Federation, siya kuqwalasela ngokukhawuleza into enjengokubala kwamavoti, kunye nokupapashwa kweziphumo zesiganeko sokhetho. Emva kokuba izitishi zokuvota zivaliwe - ngo-20: 00 zengingqi zengingqi, iziphumo zolonyulo, ngokulandelanayo, ziqala ukushwankathela. Ukuthunyelwa kwee-bulletins zengingqi, zishwankathela izibalo, zenze iiprotoksi zithumele idatha kwi-CEC. Emva koko iziphumo zishwankathelwe kumqulu jikelele. Inani elithile lemisebenzi kulolu hlobo lucwangciswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziphezulu eziphezulu-inkqubo ye-automated system yokubala iivoti zabavoti kunye nohlalutyo lwamanani olwazi olufanelekileyo.

Ukushicilelwa ngokusemthethweni kweziphumo zomcimbi wokhetho, kunye namanani amavoti afunwa ngumfaki-sicelo ngamnye, makwenziwe zingadlulanga iintsuku ezi-3 emva komgaqo-nkqubo wokugqibela we-CEC. Idata yesitishi ngasinye kwisiganeko sokuvota kufuneka sishicilelwe kwiimpapasho ezisemthethweni ze-CEC zingadlulanga iintsuku ezili-10. Njengomthetho, nangaphambi kokuba izibhengezo zonyulwa zivakaliswe, izazinzululwazi zibika iziphumo zokuphuma kwe-poll-i-poll yabavoti ekuphumeni kwimihlaba, ukuvumela abantu ukuba bafumane ingcamango esondeleyo yeziphumo zokuvota.

Imisebenzi yokuqala emva kokhetho

Emva kokufunda indlela uMongameli weRussia Federation athatha ngayo isikhundla, umyalelo wokhetho, igunya lomntu okhethwe ngabantu, sinokuqwalasela ukuba amanyathelo okuqala entloko karhulumente anqunywe ngumthetho asemgangathweni wokusombulula imisebenzi yolawulo lwezopolitiko. Inyani kukuba ukungenelela kukaMongameli kwi-ofisi yakhe kuhambelana nemiphumo ethile yomthetho enxulumene nesakhiwo samagunya. Ngokukodwa, amalungu kaRhulumente axoshwa kwi-ofisi - ezo ziyimfuneko kumthetho olawula umsebenzi wegqeba elilawulayo. Kwakhona, njengokuba ezinye iingcali ziphawula, isakhiwo sabasebenzi ekulawuleni kukaMongameli sitshintshile, kwaye kwezinye iimeko abameli be-plenipotentiary ye-intloko karhulumente kwindlu ephezulu yepalamente nakwezithili zombuso banokukhishwa kwi-ofisi.

Nangona kunjalo, eqinisweni, abasebenzi beefayili eziqhubekayo baqhubeka ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yabasebenzi kude kube ngamanye amagosa kunye neentloko zamasebe aqeshwe okanye abambe ngokusemthethweni izikhundla zabasebenzi abakhoyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukhetho lokuqala lokukhethwa koMongameli weRussia Federation lubhekiselele kwizithuba kuRhulumente. Ngamanye amaxesha - ukulawulwa kwentloko kaRhulumente kunye nenani lezinye izakhiwo zolawulo lwezopolitiko. Ingaba isakhiwo sayo sitshintsha i-Ofisi kaMongameli weRussia Federation? Kwimeko yengcali akukho ngcamango evamile kulo mbandela, kunye nemithetho yaseRashiya - imimiselo eya kulawulo olusezantsi kwimigaqo yokusebenza kwabasebenzi kulo mzimba. Ngaloo ndlela, i-Ofisi kaMongameli weRussia Federation iyilungu elisebenza ngokuzimeleyo kwinkqubo ebonisa ukhetho lwenkokheli kaRhulumente.

Ukhetho phantsi komthetho we-karate

Emva kokuqwalasela ngamalungelo kunye nemisebenzi kaMongameli weRussia Federation, ukhetho kunye namagunya entloko yaseRussia, sinokuphinda sifunde umbandela onjalo njengendlela yokuqhuba inkqubo efanelekileyo yokhetho phantsi kwemiqathango yomthetho wokulwa. Enyanisweni, ukuba ilizwe linesizathu esithile esixubile kwimpikiswano yamazwe ngamazwe, mhlawumbi abantu abanakuphakanyiswa ukhetho kunye nohlanga lomongameli.

Qaphela ukuba kumthetho omkhulu welizwe - uMgaqo-siseko - akukho nto ithethayo malunga na matyala. Nangona kwi-Federal Law "Kwi-Martial Law" kuphawulwe ukuba nayiphi na ukhetho kubaphathi, kunye nama-referendum, ayenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, uMongameli uya kuhlala eofisini kude kube ngumthetho wokulwa nokulwa. Ixesha le-ofisi ye-intloko yombuso liya kwandiswa, nokuba sele sele isebenze iminyaka emithandathu. Umthetho ofanayo, njengamagqwetha athi, kusebenza nakwamanye amagunya. Ngendlela, kwamanye amazwe amaninzi umbuso wezomthetho unika iinkqubo ezifanayo.

Ngaba kukho i-vice-president waseRashiya?

Hayi, loo indawo kwilizwe lethu ayifumaneki. Noko ke, kukho amaxesha xa ndandikho kwinkqubo ngamandla aba. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha apho iziko kaMongameli nje wabonakala - ekuqaleni kweli USSR, kwaye ke kule minyaka yokuqala emva zokusekwa kwe-Russian Federation. Kodwa kuMgaqo-siseko, ethe yamkelwa 1993, akukho iinkcukacha kwisikhundla sokuba usekela-mongameli wayengekho. Kwakunye naziphi na izilungiso emva umthetho olusisiseko lizwe. Abameli ukuba umongameli vice ekhona kwinkqubo amandla ka inani elincinane ngokwentelekiso kwamazwe. Kuqala kwinto zonke, ungenza uqaphele uphuhliso isithethe ahambelanayo eUnited States, amanye amazwe aseYurophu, afana Bulgaria okanye eSipro.