Yintoni na demo? Inkcazo kwimbali

Yintoni na demo? Ngokutsho zegama zonke izichazi-magama, oko - ngabantu simahla, akazalani begazi, kodwa sinakho amalungelo oluntu. Ilizwi uza kuthi evela yamandulo Greece (demo - abantu). Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqonda oko kuthetha ntoni demo, uncedo excursion umlando. Makhe sibuyele kwiziganeko Kuqala ...

Umzabalazo ne basebukhosini

Umzabalazo phakathi ebukhosini kunye demo yaqala ekuqaleni kule BC ngenkulungwane VI. Yintoni demo okunene, yaye inxalenye elinqatyisiweyo yoluntu, izinhanha baqonde ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Abo bavukeli wawufuna ilungelo lokulawula ilizwe, emva kokuyekiswa kobukhoboka (debt) kunye nokunikezelwa komhlaba.

Ungquzulwano luvalo kwegazi namarhe malunga kwimvukelo jikelele kumbovu, izinhanha Bacinga efuna indlela yokuphuma. Kwintlanganiso yoluntu ekuthiwa yi irhuluneli egameni Solon yakhethwa. Le ndoda iye ayahlonitshwa kwaye i "iiklasi asezantsi", yaye "izindleko". Yiloo nto elibekwe begazi, ngethemba lokuba Solon unako niyicamagushele amaqela kwaye bafikelele kwizibhambathiso ngaphandle kwegazi. Kwafika Umlawuli esitsha kakhulu usapho entle, kodwa akazange akangowakhe izityebi. Yena wayenza kurhwebo emanzini (into ebalulekileyo Greece), kwaba okrelekrele ngokunyaniseka kakhulu.

Solon wathabatha ulawulo baseAthene. Waqalisa ngokusekwa kwemithetho emitsha, apho irekhodwa nangoko kwiibhodi lamaplanga kwaye ufake kwi kwindawo ulwazi. Yaba 504 BC. e.

zokulungisa Solon kaThixo

Ukuhlaziywa, enyanisweni, kuthetha ukuguqulwa. Zeziphi utshintsho wazisa Solon?

1. Yabagxeki amatye (waphakamisa) ematyaleni (abazizibambiso wakhululwa zavala nokuthengiswa ebukhobokeni kunye besiqu).

2. Ndatshintsha indlela zemilinganiselo namanyathelo.

3. Ukukhuthaza uphuhliso zobugcisa kunye norhwebo.

nokuguqulwa ezopolitiko kuthwalelwa phandle.

1. Zonke bendawo zaseAttica (oyindoda) ayengabemi yavakaliswa imisebenzi efanayo kunye namalungelo. Noko ke, kwisahlulo nkampani iye yaziswa ngokweendidi, apho ekuqaleni baba abanumzana, le yesibini - le squad, eyesithathu - demo kubo - amakhoboka.

2. Assembly The People yaba liqumrhu ebalaseleyo yokubonakalisa ukuthanda yabemi.

3. Abagwebi ukuba ngoku musani ukuba nje abanumzana, kodwa demo.

kokuphathwa

amatye Ityala evela emasimini yasuswa. Abalimi emnandi: ekugqibeleni amatyala zixolelwe! Ukwazi oko demo, kulula ukuqonda ukuba ukwazi i "abambelele" abantu ngenxa nje engaphephekiyo zesiqhelo. Abanye baba zizityebi, abanye ngakumbi abahlwempuzekileyo. Umhlaba zaseAttica igama Solon wekhoboka ekugcineni inkululeko. Yiyiphi, enyanisweni, okwenyaniso. Ngoku, ngokutsho umthetho archon ihloniphekile, umntu Ndingaboleka kuphela phantsi nempahla yabo. Ukuhlawula onetyala ebukhobokeni esalelweyo. Lenkululeko bakhululwa bonke abanamatyala. Ngaphezu koko, Solon wayalela ukuba ukulandelela phantsi abo bathengisa phesheya, akubuyise, nangenxa imali karhulumente. Phakathi ababuyela, abanye baye ndalibala ulwimi lwabo lweenkobe.

Ngoku eAthene basemzini kuphela babengamakhoboka.

Yazi evinjwa iinzuzo

Ngoku basebukhosini ayikwazanga ukubaleka ilizwe njengangaphambili. Archon ingaba nawuphi na umntu osisityebi, kungakhathaliseki inqanaba ungunyana wabanumzana. Abameli demo ukuze bakwazi ukufumana umbulelo zizityebi kurhwebo emanzini, neenqanawa kunye nezindlu ngabanini, umhlaba kunye namakhoboka, kakhulu, akwazi ukuthatha le ndawo. Kwimicimbi ebalulekileyo karhulumente kwaxoxwa kodwa ngoku iNdibano yesiZwe wonke, apho bonke abemi (baseAthene free).

inkundla lonyulo yaye irhoxisiwe nemithetho ezininzi okhohlakeleyo yasekwa. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ngelithi ingaba ihlwempu engama-30, asolwa ngaphambili. Le jaji ngokuzoba amaqashiso. Yiya ezindlebeni banelungelo bonke baseAthene. Emva kokuba iintetho, umtshutshisi, amangqina kunye umtyholwa baqalisa inkqubo efihlakeleyo yebhalothi, leyo lwaqhutywa yi wagibisela ngamatye sityeni sinye (Black - "unetyala", emhlophe - ukuba "hlamusela"). Ngoko nangoko olwenziwe nokubala: isigqibo senkundla kwakuxhomekeke yintoni na la matye ngakumbi, kwaye xa iivoti zahlulwe ngokulinganayo, ummangalelwa uyakhululwa. Kubonakala ngathi ukuvumelana sele kufunyenwe, isgqibo sifikelelwe. Kunjalo ...

Solon eshiya Athens

Yintoni na ke demo, yaye yintoni ikhangeleka njani ngaphakathi, bafunda ngokukhawuleza irhuluneli kunyulwa. "Ifikile kwimicimbi omkhulu bonke kwangoko kunzima ... Xa zonke bavuya, kodwa ngoku ndibona le ngeliso elibi ..."

Enyanisweni, Solon ayikho nje nabani na na emehlweni (nangona wenza lukhulu), koko wawangenisa intiyo kuye. Izityebi baba ukucinywa nomsindo ematyaleni ukuhluthwa zabasebenzi simahla, amahlwempu nabo wayefuna umhlaba ngokutsha. Solon wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye ilizwe ngemicimbi yorhwebo izityholo. Wayehamba iminyaka emininzi, yaye ngoko nangoku babuyele kwilizwe labo. "Ndiyakuthanda iingcuka zindanda phakathi izinja ..."

Kodwa ke imithetho Solon, yaba sisiseko lwentando yesininzi.