Yintoni na isithintelo ephilileyo. Breaking ukungakwazi isandi

Oko ngqondweni xa usiva ibinzana elithi "isandi umqobo"? A mda ethile kunye isithintelo, ekulweni enokuchaphazela nzulu yokuva nemvakalelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isandi umqobo zinxulumene ngokoyisa elibala kunye msebenzi elilinge.

Ukoyisa lo isithintelo uyakwazi zivuse uphuhliso zizifo ezingapheliyo, syndromes iintlungu kunye negazi. Ingaba ezi mbono ezichanekileyo okanye bona engaguqukiyo lusekiwe? Ingaba unayo nayiphi na isiseko senyaniso? Yintoni na isithintelo isandi? Njani yaye kutheni oko kwenzeka? le Bonke abanye bokuqonda ezongezelelweyo, kwakunye amanqaku ngembali enxulumene nale mbono, siya kuzama ukufumana phandle kweli nqaku.

Le inzululwazi lubizwa - emoyeni

Kwizifundo zesayensi yokubhabha, yenzelwe ukucacisa nesenzeko ezihamba intshukumo
moya, kukho umba "umqobo yesandi." Olu thotho ngezenzeko ngenxa kwisindululo moya supersonic okanye imijukujelwa ukuba ahambe ngesantya kufutshane isantya okanye isandi enkulu.

Yintoni shockwave?

Kwinkqubo yokumpompoza supersonic kwi izixhobo itonela ngumoya igagasi kukothuka. nentwana yayo kungabonwa nkqu ngeliso lenyama. Phezu komhlaba, bavakalisa umgca etyheli. Beyond yokothuka cone phambi komgca etyheli-moya emhlabeni nokude oluvakalayo. Ngesantya kunene sonic odlulileyo umzimba flow sonic, ekucaca ukuba wokuhamba ibandakanya okubulala. kungenzeka ukuba umntu ixhomekeka imilo umzimba It.

conversion shockwave

Umphambili lencinibakazi yokothuka, nto leyo maxa wambi ibizwa ngokuba okubulala, abe ubukhulu kunokuba encinane, uvumele kunjalo umkhondo utshintsho ngokukhawuleza kwizakhiwo flow, ukunciphisa isantya xa kuthelekiswa nawo umzimba kunye nokwanda olungqamelanayo kwi lobushushu xi negesi kweli kwemali. Amandla entshukumo engagqibekanga similise amandla zangaphakathi ze gesi. Isixa-mali yezi nguqu kuxhomekeke flow supersonic. Njengoko okubulala ihambisa kude ukusuka apparatus, amathontsi xi kuyathotywa, kunye nencum kukothuka aguqulwa abe isandi. Kunokuba kufikelela wangaphandle kusakuvakala isandi ezikhethekileyo ofana ukwanda. Bakholelwa ukuba oku bubungqina kokufumaneka ifowuni isantya isandi, umqobo isandi xa moya eshiya ngasemva.

Yintoni ngokwenene ntoni?

I ekuthiwa mzuzu zokwaphula isithintelo isandi xa kusenziwa lumele sicatshulwa lencinibakazi kukothuka kunye ukwandisa iinjini moya ukuwusebenzisa. Lo matshini ngoku ngaphambi isandi ezihamba, ngoko nentsholo injini unokuviwa emva kwakhe. Isilinganiselo ngesantya -moya ukuya isantya isandi yenziwe kungenzeka ngisho ngexesha Second World War, kodwa bandisa baphawula iimpawu zokulumkisa kwi moya.

Emva kwemfazwe, abathungi moya ezininzi kunye abaqhubi bazama ukufikelela isantya isandi ndawaphula umqobo isandi, kodwa uninzi ezi nzame yaphela kabuhlungu. abaphandi ophambene elubala ukuba oku umda akunakwenzeka ukuyibetha. Asinto yokulinga, kodwa indlela lwenzululwazi ukucacisa uhlobo wajika ingcamango "umqobo yesandi" kwaye sifumane iindlela usoyise.

Iingcebiso eyenziwe yokubalekela ekhuselekileyo

moya ukholose wave transonic kwaye supersonic siwuyeke nengxaki kunokwenzeka, le isiganeko ixhomekeke ashukimisayo parameters-moya kunye ukuphakama filter zaveliswa. Yokutshintsha ukusuka komnye umgangatho ukuya komnye ngesantya kufuneka wenziwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunye nokusetyenziswa afterburner, nto leyo eya kunceda uphephe moya elide kwi nokulatyuza zone ntlekele. Wave ingxaki njengengqiqo kwafika kuthutho emanzini. Yavele ngexesha yemoto kunye Velocity ekufutshane uqina kwamaza phezu kwamanzi. Ukuchukumisa nengxaki wave iquka izinga lokukhula ubunzima, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka nje ukoyisa yomtshangatshangiso ntlekele, ngoko ungaya kwi Ibanga ukuba uthethe okanye ngokuhambisa imo phezu kwamanzi.

Imbali kulawulo moya

Umntu wokuqala ukufikelela airspeed supersonic umqhubi lo moya, - waseMelika pilot Chak Yeger. Impumelelo yakhe iphawulwe kwimbali-Oktobha 14, 1947. Kwi-USSR, isandi umqobo zonganyelwe ngoDisemba 26, 1948 Sokolowski kunye Fedorov, ngubani ran i umlweli onamava.

Kubo civil moya wokuqala ukuba ndimaphule umqobo airliner yesandi Douglas DC-8 apho Agasti 21, 1961 ibhabha ngesantya 1.012 M, okanye 1262 km / h. Moya yenzelwe ukuqokelela idatha kuyilo iphiko. Phakathi iinqwelo- irekhodi wonke baqala aeroballistic enomjukujelwa hypersonic 'umoya-mhlaba ", yona Army Russian. Lisendaweni 31.2 eekhilomitha umjukujelwa unalo top ngesantya 6389 km / h.

kwiminyaka engama-50 emva kokuba ikhefu njengomqobo isandi emoyeni eliNgesi Endi wagqabhuka wenza impumelelo efanayo ngemoto. Xa yayoma Ndazama ukwaphula irekhodi American Dzho Kittinger, lowo woyisa ukuphakama km 31.5. Namhlanje, October 14, 2012, Comic wabeka irekhodi lomhlaba, ngaphandle uncedo kwezithuthi, xa ukuwa ukusuka kubude kweekhilomitha ezili-39, waphula isithintelo ephilileyo. ngesantya xa sifika iikhilomitha 1342,8 ngeyure nganye.

Eyona okungaqhelekanga laphula umqobo isandi

Akuqhelekanga ukucinga, kodwa qambo yokuqala yehlabathi ukwahlukana kulo mda, iye yaba yinto isabhokhwe eziqhelekileyo, owasungula Chinese wamandulo 7000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Phantse ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe nokufota yethutyana ngo-1927, akukho namnye kurhanelwa ukuba isabhokhwe-cofa - esitsholo elincinane sonic. wave ezibukhali yakha ndzhendzheleko, kwaye isantya kwandisa kakhulu, nto leyo kuqinisekiswa yi unqakrazo. isithintelo umsindo isuswe ukuze ka 1200 isantya km / h.

Riddle of the sixeko simaxhaphetshu kangaka

Akukho nto abahlali kwiidolophu ezincinane wothuswa kukubona ikomkhulu okokuqala. Yobuninzi zothutho, amakhulu zokutyela kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa zizinto ukubhidisa kwaye ndankqonkqoza ngaphandle umlembelele. Ukuqala intwasahlobo kwi capital idla yomhla we-Apreli kunokuba Matshi Blizzard eneenkani. Ngo-Epreli, na isibhakabhaka, imifula kunye zinamaqhina esebenzayo. Abantu bakhathele lasebusika elide, kwandise window ukuya ilanga, kunye Ukuvutha nengxolo isitalato endlwini. Kwisitrato ngomgqumokazi iintaka ntsholo imnandi becula amagcisa acengceleze imibongo abafundi okuchwayitha, singasathethi ke ingxolo, kwemikrozo yeemoto kunye yangaphantsi. Abasebenzi amasebe empilo kuqatshelwe ukuba kokuhlala ixesha elide kwesi sixeko simaxhaphetshu kangaka kuyingozi kwimpilo. capital ukuwusebenzisa ibandakanya zokuhamba,
eyama, ezoshishino kunye nendlu ingxolo. Eyona engakhiyo nje ingxolo imoto moya ukubhabha phezulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ingxolo evela iinkampani onyibilikisiweyo izakhiwo zabo. I-hum rhoqo iimoto kwi ezininzi zeendlela kakhulu kune imigaqo eyamkelekileyo yonke kabini. Njengoko ikomkhulu okuphumla ukungakwazi isandi? EMoscow ke intabalala yingozi izandi, ngoko abahlali eyinkunzi efakiweyo iifestile kabini-ezimenyezelayo ukuba lingavakali ingxolo.

ukuba aphume njani na umqobo isandi?

De 1947 kwakungekho bungqina nentlo-ntle-moya lubaleka ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu isandi. Kwathi kanti, waphula isithintelo isandi lufuna amandla kunye nesibindi ethile. Ngexesha esemoyeni kucaca ukuba akukho siqinisekiso ukuze asinde. Nokuba umqhubi sokuqeqeshelwa Asinakutsho siqiniseke ukuba uhlaselo bear iziqalelo zoyilo moya. Kwimizuzu nje, lo moya angawa nje ngaphandle. Yintoni ezazichazwa? Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuhamba uqina subsonic kudala amaza ive diverge njengezangqa uwile ngamatye. Isantya Supersonic Iyandonwabisa amaza omsindo, yaye emi phezu komhlaba umntu uva isandi efana-dubulo. Ngaphandle computer anamandla kwaba nzima ukusombulula ezintsonkothileyo umehluko zibalo, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba sithembele ukuvuthela modeli imigudu umoya. Maxa wambi xa kukho ayanelanga lunikezelo moya okubulala ifikelela igunya lokuba aphaphazele iifestile yezindlu apho moya uhamba. Yaphula isithintelo isandi ayikwazi bonke, kuba ngeli xesha ishukumisa isakhiwo lonke, umonakalo omkhulu unako ukufumana izixhobo engathethekiyo. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba abaqhubi kwimpilo entle kunye nozinzo ngokweemvakalelo. Ukuba moya uhamba ngokuthambileyo, kodwa isithintelo isandi ukoyisa ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, nokuba umqhubi okanye abakhweli kunokwenzeka akayi mizwa ekhathazayo kakhulu. Ingakumbi kuba kuloyiso isandi umqobo kwakhiwa moya uphando ngoJanuwari 1946. koomatshini Ukudala yaqaliswa ngokomyalelo kwiSebe lezoKhuselo, kodwa endaweni izixhobo ukuba abotshwe izixhobo yesayensi kulandelelwa iindlela zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo. Lo moya wayefana enomjukujelwa cruise yalamaxesha nge injini rocket eyakhelwe. Ukoyisa lo moya ka isandi umqobo kwenzeka at esiphezulu ngesantya 2736 km / h.

ezikhumbuzo ngamazwi emzimbeni koyisa isantya nesandi

Inkqubela ekuvaleni njengomqobo omsindo ezaziswa namhlanje. Ngoko ke, lo moya apho Chak Yeger ixesha kuqala ukuhlula, ngoku kuboniswa kwi-National Air and Space Museum, apho ibekwe eWashington. Kodwa ke parameters zobugcisa oku kungaphezu kwamamdla oluntu, bekuya kuba engeyakonto ngaphandle ukufaneleka umqhubi. Chak Yeger waya Flight School waza walwa eYurophu, phambi kokuba babuyele eNgilani. ukugxothwa ngendlela engafanelekanga ukusuka moya zange kwaphula umoya Jaeger, kwaye eye ukwamkelwa kwi eyiNtloko imikhosi Europe. Kwiminyaka eseleyo de ekupheleni kwemfazwe, Yeager wabandakanyeka 64 yokulwa kwimisebenzi apho wadubula phantsi 13 moya. Ekhaya Chak Yeger babuya elikwisikhundla nenduna. iimpawu yalo yale intuition kuyamangalisa, uzibambile engakholelekiyo nokunyamezela kwiimeko ezinzima. Akukho kanye Yeager zimisele iirekhodi kwi moya wakhe. umsebenzi kwakhe okwalandela waba iiyunithi Air Force, yamsusa apho uqeqesho abaqhubi. Ixesha lokugqibela Chak Yeger waphula njengomqobo isandi kwiminyaka 74 lowo iminyaka yamashumi amahlanu ngomoya wakhe kunye nembali ka-1997.

Complex imisebenzi Abenzi bemeko-moya

Grant-15 moya ezaziwayo lihlabathi liphela waqala ukudala kwi mzuzu xa ababhekisi phambili waqonda ukuba awukwazi kususela kuphela ngokwaphula umqobo isandi, kwaye kufuneka nokusombulula iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo zobugcisa. Umphumo waba umatshini yimpumelelo kangangokuba wema ukulungisa yamkelwa kumazwe awahlukeneyo. ofisi ezahlukahlukeneyo kuyilo elithatha inxaxheba uhlobo ukhuphiswano, apho umvuzo yaba lomenzi moya yimpumelelo yaye zisebenza. Lo Endliwa moya enamaphiko itshayelwe, yaba revolution kwezoyilo zabo. Isixhobo efanelekileyo kufuneka ibe namandla, ngok kakhulu ukumelana nayo nayiphi na umonakalo evela ngaphandle. amaphiko itshayelwe ibe yinxalenye-moya, nto leyo yanceda ukuba baphakamise izihlandlo ezithathu isantya nesandi. Further izinga moya gqolo ukukhula, ngenxa ekwandeni ngamandla injini, esebenzisa izinto ezintsha kunye nokubekwa kwindawo ephezulu ashukimisayo iparameters. Laphula isithintelo isandi yenziwa khona kwaye eyona ngenxa nje oqhelekileyo, kodwa kuyingozi, yona le nto, ukuze nayiphi ekstremal kufuneka ingcinga ukuvavanya amandla kwabo, phambi kokuba izigqibo umfuniselo enjalo.