Yintoni na le khaphetshu: banga, inkcazelo, photo, ukulima

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba khaphetshu iluncedo kakhulu kunye nemifuno okumnandi. Luzele iivithamini kunye nezinto umkhondo ezifunekayo emzimbeni womntu. Ngaphandle khaphetshu kuvuthwe isuphu. Its inegwele, yathamba, zifakwa, njalo njalo. D. In emifuno ezintsha lusetyenziswa salads ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, abanikazi emyezweni wakhe ngokufuthi ikhule le sityalo.

Kukho ezahlukeneyo ezininzi. Kukho iintlobo ezifana broccoli kunye cauliflower ludubule, ikhaphetshu, bubuye Brussels, akukho nokuba izala iintlobo. Ngamnye kubo awohluke yayo. Ukuze ukhule ngesivuno esihle, undwendwe ihlobo kufuneka ukwazi ezahlukeneyo iimbewu kunye neempawu zayo. Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo izitya oluhambelana uhlobo yakhe zekhaphetshu.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Ukufunda umbuzo kwenzeka ntoni ikhaphetshu, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo iimpawu zayo. Zonke iintlobo ngaphandle eBeijing, igqabi, iintlobo yaseTshayina bebala zizityalo obanjwa. Xa ukuzala ukuba kubhekwe imifuno. Kunyaka wokuqala iintlobo ebakho ukuphuhlisa nerozi amagqabi kunye nemibutho zokugcina (intloko). Ukuqokelela imbewu ukuze kulinywe, kufuneka silinde de kunyaka ozayo.

Zonke iindidi zekhaphetshu zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ama-3. Iintlobo ekuqaleni ilungele ukuza kuthathwa zingadlulanga iinyanga 2-3 emva kokuhluma. Umyinge isivuno iintlobo zezityalo emva kweenyanga 3-5, yaye kamva - emva kweenyanga 5-7.

Kuxhomekeka iinjongo nokuzalela, kuyimfuneko ukubala ixesha yokuqokelela. Ukuba ufuna ikhaphetshu entwasahlobo ngenxa salads fresh, ngokuqinisekileyo ukuphuma zakuqala-uhlobo iinkcubeko. iintlobo emva kwexesha ifanele kokuvuna imifuno ebusika.

isithombo

Efuna walufaka emyezweni wakhe kulo yemifuno emangalisayo, kufuneka wazi apho ikhula ikhaphetshu, ngathi utyala imbewu yayo. Ixesha elifanelekileyo ukuba izithole lokuzalanisa ingqalelo Februwari - May. Kule meko, qiniseka ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo, xa alinde isivuno.

Imbewu ityalwa kakhulu iimbiza kunye nja-. Izithole musa Asikunyamezeli kwezithole. Ngoko ke, ukuba abaseleyo kwezi kwiitanki. Xa izithole ziya kuba iintsuku 40-60, ukuba ityalwe emhlabeni kwisingxobo, apho besakhula. Ungakwenza oku kancinane ngaphambili, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba babanike neemeko kakhulu bekhululekile.

Ukuba kwentwasahlobo ukutyala oluqhutywa ongcolileyo. Apha kuneqabaka akuyongozi izityalo. Zikhula kwi enjalo womelele kwaye usempilweni, ukulungele ukukhula endle.

History of kulinywe

Izithole zekhaphetshu, neentlobo ezaziwa kuthi namhlanje, akhulayo iibhedi zabantu amandulo 4 amawaka. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. kuye kwabonakala Le imifuno kwi Central, Western lweMeditera iye ezisetyenziswa njengokutya mandulo amaRoma, amaYiputa, kwanamaGrike. Isihlobo ikhaphetshu, ukusuka apho iintlobo mihla Kochan, iintlobo lwegqabi.

Kwinkqubo yokuphuhliswa impucuko kunye norhwebo kwezityalo, esetyenziswa ukutya, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba ukukhula kunye nakwimimandla empumalanga. Ukungqinelana imiqathango imozulu, umhlaba yaqala ukubonakala iintlobo ezintsha zekhaphetshu.

Kwilizwe lethu, esi sityalo ezikhuphile 13-15 leminyaka esuka eNtshona Yurophu. Ikhaphetshu uqinisekile kubomi babemi Russia. Apha sasilinywa iintlobo ezininzi. Kwaye ngoku athumela kumazwe angabamelwane. Ngenkulungwane ye-19 kwakukho 22 iintlobo ngeentlobo zekhaphetshu. Ezinye zazo ezikhethekileyo.

Kwi sithuba pre-revolution emasimini zethu siye saqalisa ukuba ukukhula imbewu elizweni le sityalo. Ziyazalana neentlobo zomthonyama, banika ezininzi ezintsha. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-20, abalimi bazisa iintlobo nokonyuka imveliso, ukumelana neemeko zemozulu.

hybrids

Namhlanje kwilizwe lethu kukhule kokubini iintlobo zasekuhlaleni kunye amazwe zimelwe nenkcubeko. Ngoku inani lawo elipheleleyo ezenza iintlobo-133. Kukho iintlobo ezithile hybrids ikhaphetshu. Bandinika F1 isiphawuli.

Kumafa lwabo lweenkobe kuquka-24 no-58 bawela izityalo okwenziwe kwamanye amazwe. Abalimi ukusebenza kweli cala kunokwenzeka ukudala iintlobo ezingamelanga yemozulu embi.

Ukuqokelela isivuno ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba nidle le imifuno kulo nyaka. Ezi ntlobo zokuqala zivuthwe ngo-Epreli. ikhaphetshu ilanga ivelisa isivuno de-Oktobha. Singakwazi ukugcina imifuno ixesha elide.

ikhaphetshu

Omnye ixhaphake kakhulu kwilizwe lethu le khaphetshu. Grade, incazelo ngokweemeko eli qela nayo yahlulwe ekuqaleni, phakathi kwexesha nasemva kwexesha. Kufuneka ukuba ikhule kwi ndawo enye.

Isithombo ikhula kakuhle ecaleni itswele, iitapile, iitumato kunye cucumber. Umhlaba ilungisiwe ekwindla. Its isichumiso ndemba nokwenza (umgquba, wamatye) xa kukho imali kg-4 / m². Entlakohlaza komhlaba ndiwuthukulule. Kuyimfuneko ukwenza isichumiso. Amaqula zaye watyala izityalo. Ambelwe igcwele wamatye nezichumiso. Okulandelayo, amanzi, obuphalazelwe kuzo. Xa ako oko, qala ibe ngamnye kakuhle ukuseka izithole. inkqubo yabo ingcambu kufuneka abe clod emhlabeni.

Umgama at kokufika kufuneka 75h35, 60x40 okanye 50x50 cm. Ngemihla okuqala okunkcenkceshela lwenziwa malunga kwisityalo ngasinye imihla ngemihla. Emva kweeveki 1.5-2 zingenziwa wayinkcenkcesha indawo elipheleleyo leebhedi intyatyambo.

Le yaziwa kakhulu kwilizwe lethu imihlobo ezifana ekuqaleni: Inani omnye Gribovsky 147 (intloko 1-1.5 kg), i-Juni (1-12 kg); Oye-: 1432 Golden hectare (1.2-2 kg) Stakhanovite 1513 (1.5-2.5 kg); Nangaphezulu: amateurs 611 (2.5-3 kg) isiCoci-1474 (3.5-4 kg).

yeScotch kale

Ngokufundisisa kwenzeka ntoni ikhaphetshu, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela le hlobo njengoko uhlobo ebomvu. Le ohlobo fanele ukuba iqela yangaphambili kwamasiko. Oku azakubalulwa umbala omsobo obomvu-amagqabi kunye nentloko nekhaphetshu. Kuyinto ukumelana izityalo ezibandayo. Isetyenziswa salads, kuquka zokutya. Le pickle semifuno. amayeza zezityalo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu amayeza abanam.

Le babengene etyalwe ekhanyayo. Yakhe yokukhula kwexesha leentsuku ezili-160. Inkathalo ukutyala izithole eziveliswa ezifana zekhaphetshu. iintlobo Popular - Umzekelo F1 (4 kg) Firebird (3 kg), Juno (1.2 kg).

savoy

Savoy ikhaphetshu (ifoto thaca kamva) iye ukushwabana amagqabi. aba bahamba kunye maqampu kunye nezitenxo. Oku kukhiwa okanye emva unyango ubushushu. Abanalo eli emifuno ayikho okoko nje ukuba isalamane zekhaphetshu. Kodwa incasa kunye neempawu yokutya kude lee kule yokugqibela.

inkcubeko savoy uba isiqulatho ophezulu kumacandelo ivithamin C, izimbiwa kunye ziiprotein. Olu uhlobo lutyalwa ngendlela efanayo njengoko emaXhoseni ongaphambili. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo imiqathango emhlabeni izithole zakhe.

Popular ibanga - Mila 1 (3 kg), ngomnyaka wentlokoma 2170 (0.8 kg), Scope (2.5 kg).

kohlrabi

ikhaphetshu savoy, ifoto obemiswe ngentla, oko zizakubalulwa iimpawu zayo zokutya, kodwa igcinwa kakubi. Ngoko ke grade iindwendwe intsimbi kusetyenziswa ezifana kohlrabi ekulungiseleleni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Le ehlangeni ikhaphetshu ngokumila ukulenza. Ukuba lisetyenziswe isuphu, salads. Le emifuno kwizicatshulwa izivuno ezikhulu kunye nomxholo eliphezulu ivithamin C Oku elinywa gases kwaye nendlela evulekileyo. Izityalo ityalwa kumgama 25x15 cm.

Ukuvuna kwenzeka xa zinti abe 8-10 cm ububanzi. Xa ilizwe lethu amaninzi ikhule Picante (0.5-0.9 kg), Vienna White 1350 (2.5 kg).

Brussels sprouts

Umthombo protein umzimba zinokuba brussel sprouts. Ngesi parameter amela grade phambili belokochannaja iqela 1.5. Esi sityalo iyingcongolo na, amancinane kochanchiki kubakho axils zamagqabi ezincinane.

Ngexesha ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo kuyimfuneko ukomeleza izityalo nitric lokutyisa sheet. Xa ukukhula kochanchiki luqala, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa phosphorus-potassium isichumiso. sprout ezikhula endle iphawulwa njengenkqubo kunokuba ixesha elide. Izithole babekwa amaqula kwindawo rhoqo 60x60 okanye 70x70 cm. Esi sityalo Akuyomfuneko yokunkcenkceshela luninzi. Kuphela ingakumbi ixesha eyomileyo kuyimfuneko ukuba ukulandelela kwinqanaba ezaneleyo kokunyakama komhlaba.

amafama Domestic lakhula esixhoseni ezifana uMofokeng 1342 (20-30 kochanchiki), ikasiya (60-70 kochanchiki).

cauliflower

Ukuqwalasela oko ikhaphetshu nto, asinako ngoyaba omnye athandwa. Intloko yakhe ingadliwa, kubonakala ngathi ziyanda kakhulu yokudubula. Ngenxa yoko igama laloo ezahlukeneyo. Le cauliflower.

Ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kukubethela uhadi. kwiintsuku nje emva 15-20 emva kokutyala izityalo emhlabeni, intloko yayo sele ezifanelekileyo ukutya. Le emifuno uthambile kunye nenyama. Lungiselela kuzo zonke iindlela ezinokubakho.

Best isiko yonke ikhula lobushushu degrees 14-17. Kule ukufuma zomhlaba inokuba phantsi. Isityalo ongabunyamezeliyo ngumoya onamandla owomileyo. Phambi kokutyala ilizwe ivundiswe umgquba, wamatye. Nebhetshi yokuqala izithole ezongezelelwe amaqula ekupheleni kuka-Aprili. Kamva, ungenza enye umnxeba 2-3 iintsuku 10 lekhefu. Ukuvuna oluqhutywa kwiinyanga 2-2.5.

Namhlanje iintlobo imfuno ngathi ikhephu iglowubhu (650-850 g), Express (350-500 g).

broccoli

Broccoli kunye cauliflower ke izalamane ekufuphi. Kodwa ke kuqala babo yaye tastier. Xa intloko broccoli esongiweyo lathamba. Ukutya kwakhona efanelekileyo kunye emazantsi ngamasebe. Ngoko ke, lo ezahlukeneyo ukwabizwa ngokuba broccoli.

Olu hlobo nabalulamileyo neemeko ezikhulayo. Kunokuba nangoko vyseevat emhlabeni ngasekupheleni Epreli. Ukuba ufuna ukuqokelela isivuno ekwindla, naye ahlale phantsi ngoJuni. Unako ukutyala izithole. Iba kakhulu uligwiba ngemini 35-45 emva ukuvela emthini. amaqula lokuphumla na 20x50 cm. Yimfuneko ukuba athambise umhlaba, iibhedi yokhula ngamanzi. Uninzi ntlobo ikhule uLinda (0.5 kg), Monterey (1.9 kg).

kale

Ukuba zone sezulu luphawulwa ehlotyeni elifutshane, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela njengenye indlela lwemfuyo kale. Oku sisityalo obanjwa. iklasi thaca kubandakanya ukudla kunye neentlobo zokuhomba.

Zonke iindidi zekhaphetshu zamagqabi ingasetyenziswa ukwenzela ukulungiselela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ingakumbi emva iqabaka. Kodwa uninzi lo ntlobo ezilinyelwa isityalo zokuhomba egadini. Isizwe ngelamadoda ezimile amagqabi pinnate. umbala wabo kuyahluka luhlaza Violet.

Le iintlobo ezinokutyalwa indlela isithombo ekhanyayo. Akudingi isixa esikhulu ukufuma.

Sheet ikhaphetshu yenza salads, ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengoko isongezo, ngexesha pickling. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kwiphepha band iquka ezinye iintlobo ngeentlobo zekhaphetshu Chinese. Noko ke, le nkcubeko zingalinywa Kochan kunye neefom polukochannoy. Ngokungafaniyo kwiintlobo leaf, ikhaphetshu nto inzima kakhulu kwi yamanzi. Kodwa Ungeniselo lwalo iphezulu ngenxa ukuvuthwa elifutshane.

iipropati Nutritional nokunyanga

Kungakhathaliseki eziphilayo, kale unalo ixabiso eliphezulu yesondlo. iintlobo ezininzi zisetyenziswa njenge ukutya zokutya. amafutha zayo, yathamba, okufakwe wadla ekrwada.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ukukhula, emifuno ufumana ezithile iipropati. Ukuba yamanzi liye ezinqabileyo, kwi khaphetshu kuya kuba iswekile. Xa iimeko lobushushu nokukhanya elilelona iyakwazi ukuba yande ngaphezulu ivithamin C Le composition iquka imali encinci protein yemifuno. Kodwa ako kakuhle emzimbeni womntu.

Kwakhona, le emifuno ngumthombo otyebileyo iivithamini. Kwezi Izakha iqulethe calcium, potassium, iphosphate, isalfure, chlorine. Le mveliso uluncedo kuphela fresh kodwa ifomu zifakwa. Oku kusetyenziswa njengesixhobo olungaphezulu Ukuveliswa amatye osesibindini, inyongo isinyi, kunye nokuphucula ekugayeni.

Ukukhetha iintlobo ikhaphetshu ngenxa pickling, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo Slavyanka, Yuzhanka 31 Biryuchekutskuyu 138 Volzhanka 9. Oku phezulu ivelisa izityalo. Bakha intloko enkulu. Bathi ukuchaza umxholo yeswekile ephakamileyo ihamba umgangatho inkqubo ukubila. Zonke iivithamini kunye neeminerali iintlobo zekhaphetshu ekhoyo athathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo pathways emzimbeni.

Abantu rhoqo kudla ukutya kule mveliso, kwandisa sifo, iba ekugayeni ngcono. Ngoko ke, zokudla bacebisa Kulo emifuno iintlobo zezifo kunye nothintelo. Iintlobo ngeentlobo amabakala ezikhoyo namhlanje ukuvumela ukukhetha up uguqulelo nganye imveliso yokutya ngendlela efunwa yakho.

Ekubeni ingqalelo into ikhaphetshu na, uyakwazi ukukhetha uhlobo kakhulu igadi yakho. care eyiyo aya kwenza ukuqokelela isivuno zizityebi. Rhoqo Kulo ukutya yemifuno, unako ukuphucula impilo, kuqinise sifo, kwaye nkqu balahle ezinye izifo.