Ihlabathi eliphambili. Ubomi bendoda yokuqala

Ixesha eliphambili (ukuqala kweklasi) ngexesha lokuphuhliswa koluntu libandakanya ixesha elide-ukusuka kwi-2.5 yezigidi zeminyaka edlulileyo ukuya kwi-5 millennium BC. E. Namhlanje, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabavubukuli, kunokwenzeka ukubuyisela phantse yonke imbali yokuvela kwenkcubeko yabantu. Kwamazwe aseNtshona, isigaba sawo sokuqala sibizwa ngokungafaniyo: isizwe esisekuqaleni, isizwe, inqubo engenakulinganiswa okanye yokulinganisa.

Yiyiphi ixesha lehlabathi elidala?

Amacandelo eenklasi abonakala kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, ngoko imida echaza ihlabathi eliyimpumelelo libuhlungu kakhulu. Enye yezona zinkulu ze-anthropologists, abanomdla kwimbali yokuqala -AI. Pershitz. Wacetyisa umqathango olandelayo wokuhlula. Iintlangano ezazikho ngaphambi kokubonakala kweeklasi, inzululwazi ibiza i-apopolytheymi (oko kukuthi, yavela ngaphambi kokuvela kwekarhulumente). Labo baqhubeka bekhona emva kokuvela kwe-strata yentlalo bahlanganiswa.

Ixesha lehlabathi elidala lazala iintlobo ezitsha zabantu, ezahluke kwi-Australopithecus esandulelayo. Umntu onobuchule unokwazi ukuhamba emilenzeni emibini, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwelitye kunye nentonga njengezixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, kulo lonke ulwahluko phakathi kwakhe kunye noyise wakhe iphelile. Njengo-Australopithecus, umntu onobuchule unokuthetha, esebenzisa kuphela ukukhala kunye nempawu.

Ihlabathi eliphambili kunye nenzalo ye-Australopithecus

Emva kwesigidi seminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, iindidi ezintsha, ezabizwa ngokuba ngumntu ogqityiweyo, kusencinane kakhulu kwahluke kwi-predecessor. Yayihlanganiswe ngoboya, kwaye iinxalenye zomzimba zazifana neenkwenkwe kuzo zonke izinto. Kwakhona wayejonge njengesilwanyana kwimikhwa yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, indoda echanekileyo sele isineengqondo ezinkulu, ngendlela eyayiqonda ngayo ubuchule obutsha. Ngoku umntu unokuzingela ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezenziwe. Amatsha amatsha ancedisa indoda yokuqala ukuba igule izidumbu zezilwanyana, ukuxhoma iinkuni zokhuni.

Uphuhliso olungaphezulu

Ngombulelo wongqondo owandisiweyo kunye nezakhono ezifumanekayo, umntu angaphila kwiqhwa aze ahlale eYurophu, enyakatho yeChina, e-Indian subcontinent. Phantse iminyaka engama-250 eyiminyaka eyadlulayo okokuqala ngqa umntu onengqiqo wabonakala , okanye i-homo sapiens. Ukususela ngeli xesha, izizwe zakuqala ziqala ukusebenzisa izilwanyana zamaplanga. Bahlala kuzo kumaqela amakhulu. Ihlabathi lokuqala liqala ukuthatha isimo esitsha: eli xesha libhekwa njengexesha lokuzalwa kobudlelwane bosapho. Abantu besizwe esinye bangcwatyelwa kwimimiselo ekhethekileyo, ukukhusela amathuna abo ngamatye. Ukufunyaniswa kwabavubukuli baqinisekisa ukuba indoda yeso sihlandlo sele isilwela ukunceda izihlobo ezigulo, ukutya kunye nezambatho ezabelwana ngazo.

Inendima yezilwanyana eziphilayo

Indima ebalulekileyo ekuziphenduleleni, ukuphuhliswa kwemveliso yokuzingela nemfuyo yadlala kwixesha eliphambili lokusingqongileyo, okuyizilwanyana zehlabathi elidala. Eli candelo libandakanya iintlobo ezininzi zexesha elide. Ngokomzekelo, i-rhinoceroses ye-woolly, i- musk zeenkomo, ama-mammoths, iilera ezinkulu, ama-tiger-shaped, ama-beve. Ezi zi lwanyana zazixhomekeke ekufeni nasekufeni kweenkohlo zabantu.

Kuyaziwa ukuba umntu oza kuqala wayezingela i-woolly rhinoceroses sele sele sele i-70,000 leminyaka edlulileyo. Iingcambu zabo zifumaneka kwintsimi yeJamani yamanje. Ezinye izilwanyana azizange zenze ingozi ethile kwizizwe zakudala. Ngokomzekelo, naphezu kobukhulu bayo obunomdla, ibhere lomqolomba laphuza kwaye lithemba. Ngako oko, izizwe eziyimpumelelo ziwubambelele kalula empini. Ezinye zezilwanyana zasekhaya zokuqala ziyiyo: impisi, ngokukhawuleza ibe yinja, kunye nebhokhwe eyanika ubisi, uboya kunye nenyama.

Yintoni eyenziwa ngabantu ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo?

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-multimillion dollar evolution of man prepared for survival ngokuchanekileyo njengomzingeli kunye nomqokeleli. Ngaloo ndlela, injongo ephambili yenkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yayiyinto yokuqala kumntu. Ihlabathi elitsha, kunye nokuqulunqwa kweklasini, yindawo engafanelekanga.

Abanye abaphengululi baqhathanisa ukuvela kwenkqubo yeklasi kuluntu ngokuxoshwa kwiparadesi. Ngamaxesha onke, i-social elite ikwazi ukufumana imeko engcono yokuphila, imfundo engcono kunye nokuzonwabisa. Abo bangabaklasi abaphantsi baphoqelelwe ukuba banelisekile ngokuphumla okuncinci, abasebenzi abasebenza ngamandla kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Ukongezelela, abaninzi abaphengululi bayakuthanda ukukholelwa ukuba kuluntu lweklasini, ukuziphatha kukufumana iimpawu ezintle.

Ukuhla kweenkqubo zokuqala zomasipala

Esinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni ihlabathi eliphambili lithatha indawo yokuqulunqwa kweklasi kukugqithiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo. Iyona nto eyenziwa ngokuvelisa ngokugqithiseleyo ingqina ukuba ngenye indlela uluntu lufikelele kwizinga eliphezulu lokuphuhlisa ixesha.

Abantu bokuqala baye bafunda nje ukuvelisa izixhobo kunye nezinto zekhaya, kodwa nokuzichitshana phakathi kwabo. Ngokukhawuleza kwintlalo yokuqala yaqala ukubonakala inkokeli-abo bangakwazi ukulawula inkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso. Uluntu lwabahlali luqhutyelwa ngokukhatyathwa yinkqubo yeklasi. Ezinye izizwe zakudala sele ziphelile kwixesha eliphambi kwexesha elidlulileyo, kwakukho uluntu oluhlelekile apho kukho iinkokeli, iinkokeli ezibancedisayo, abagwebi nabalawuli.