Zemali zegolide Antique - ixabiso Minti

Abaqokeleli lwemali Modern bakulungele ukuhlawula ngamawaka okanye izigidi zeerandi kwezinye iimeko imali ezinkozo yegolide. ixabiso lazo kuxhomekeke nokunqaba, popularity, ukubaluleka ngokwembali, imbonakalo. Ixabiso eliphezulu phakathi abaqokeleli yehlabathi i ngqekembe endala igolide emikhakheni zalo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

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Kumaxesha amandulo, umsebenzi imali wathwala iinkomo, izikhumba, inyama kunye nezinye iimveliso, izinto izinto ezenziwe. Emva kwethutyana kule ndima asetyenziswa ngentsimbi, ubhedu, ubhedu, isiliva, uze negolide. Le etshe baba ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo kunye iisampuli, intlawulo wadala kobunzima obuninzi.

I VII-VI BC. e. lwabonakala zemali zokuqala. Oku lula kakhulu inkqubo zentengiso. Ngempahla waphikelela, ngamaxesha ezinkozo mzuzu coinless nentsimbi kwamanye amazwe ixesha elide ezixabisa isilivere ezibizayo negolide. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, iingqekembe zegolide ndizuze xabiso.

I iipeni yokuqala elixabisekileyo kubalwa ukusuka metal ecocekileyo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukuthamba yayo kunye plasticity, ingqekembe wamandulo igolide yokulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza imbonakalo ubunzima baso. Xa zavuleka etshe isilivere okanye ubhedu waqalisa ukongeza ukuphucula iipropati zabo mechanical.

Zemali zegolide lokuqala zasetyenziswa eYiputa yamandulo, China yamandulo, laseLidiya ubukumkani of Ancient Greece, uBukhosi baseRoma. EYurophu, bafika ukusetyenziswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIII. Ukuvela yegolide kwi-World Old iye yanxulunyaniswa kuphuhliso lobudlelwane zorhwebo kunye kuMbindi Mpuma, ingakumbi kunye Ottoman.

Le ngqekembe yokuqala yegolide antique kubalwa e Florence yaye igama "florin". Emva kokuba fashion lwemali igolide yandele kwamanye izixeko namazwe. Baye amagama ezahlukeneyo States ezahlukeneyo, nkqu nangaphakathi uyilo efanayo yaye indawo ngamagama abo. Ukususela ngoku, hayi nje yatshintsha umongo walo - imali zixabisekileyo ehlabathini.

Inguqu zegolide IsiNgesi

YaseBritani "iipeni yegolide" Ukuzalwa siwile ku 1257. Noko ke, le mali ayisayi kuba rhoqo yaye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu wanyamalala. Ngokwembali ugcinwe iikopi ezisixhenxe.

lwemali igolide IsiNgesi endala zodumo rhoqo afumaneka ngexesha le Iminyaka Elikhulu War kunye French namahlakani. Buyatshintsha imbonakalo yayo, indleko kunye nexabiso kwinkqubo malini. Ezinye iinkozo ezikhoyo nenombolo eyodwa kwaye anexabiso eliphezulu ngembali numismatists.

Ubalo zotshintsho imifanekiso kunye namagama imali yegolide IsiNgesi

Imifanekiso imali yegolide yaguquka ngokuthe ngcembe:

• ngekhulu XIV: Florin (6s alinganayo) kamva - Noble (80 leedenariyo). Beza ngokukhawuleza ithuba. inqabile kakhulu yaye kubize. Florin ikhona kuphela in duplicate. Popular "Noble uGeorge" kunye polnoblya.
• ngekhulu XV: Rayol (10) kunye Angel (6s 8d). Rare and zexabiso. Le Rayol kakhulu zithandwa a rose.
• 1489: iNkosi (20 leedenariyo).
• ngekhulu XVI: Kroon (5) kunye phawundi (20). "Crohn kaThixo Rose" - ebaluleke kakhulu kubo.
• ngekhulu XVII: njengeLizwe lobunganga, yena Unite (imbeko komdibaniso Ngilani Scotland); naphantsi uCharles II - a Guinea.
• 1816: Ukubuya iNkosi enguMongami. Uleqa iikopi collectible.
• XX kwekhulu: ukumkani waphuma imali turnover kunye nengqekembe collectible UK.

igolide French: ukuntsonkotha kwimbali

Ukuya ku 1360 eFransi wasebenzisa livres, idenariyo, Su (isilivere okanye ubhedu). Qala zazinegama imali ezinkozo igolide iwela nexesha kaHameha Iminyaka War. Kweediliya lokuqala "uFrank" yathiywa igama ingqekembe ngegolide French, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zoyilo (zazibonisa ukumkani ihashe) kubantu sele ngokuthi "ihashe franc." Kamva kananjalo 'unyawo uFranc ".

Inkqubo yemali elo xesha yaba kwezidanga ilandelayo: 1 = 1 franc = 20 livery of Tours neetyuwa. Ebizwa lwemali ngamaxesha athile ukuba uvele, koko kwakhona wanyamalala. The French Revolution zibuyise lwemali, waza wahlala ephambili kude kube namhlanje.

Kuba France, ngendlela efanayo eNgilane, ukuba luphawulwa kwakhululwa ngqekembe efanayo in version igolide nesilivere. utshintsho yembali imbonakalo kunye namagama le ngqekembe engaxakekanga kakhulu, kodwa utshintsho namathuba ukuboniswa ngqo kwi lwemali.

Le maxesha imbali ingqekembe zegolide French

Imbali zegolide French eziinkozo khangela ngolu hlobo:

• ngekhulu XIV-XV: uFranc. A enqabileyo kwaye iyabiza.
• Isiphelo kwekhulu XIV-XV: negolide (livery ngu-3). Isibheno wahlala "shintsho oluncinci" Franks.
• ngekhulu XVII-XVIII: Louis. ECU eziveliswa elilingana zesilivere. Ixabiso lemali elithile Education: Louis 1 ECU = 4 = 24 = 240 livres iityuwa.
• Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII, isiFrentshi Revolution: ukubuyiswa franc ngaphakathi yenkqubo wokugqibela imali. Napoleons Nesihlo (20 franc), napoleons kabini (40 franc) kunye polunapoleondora (10 franc). Francs UNapoleon Bonaparte ikwabizwa ngokuba "umqhagi" okanye "Marianne" (phezu obverse intloko Marianne, kwaye umva - inkuku) - oku yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ingqekembe collection modernity. Oku kubalwa de kwangowe-1914. Ngoku ifumaneka lifana euro.
• Le ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX: uFranc. Yena ikakhulu kummandla yamazwe aseYurophu (Latin Monetary Union).
• Isiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XX: eli ligatya umgangatho lwemali yegolide. Nangona kunjalo, imali, ebizwa ngokuba "uFrank", waze 2002 kunye nokwaziswa euro. Ngoku franc zegolide ifumaneka kuphela inguqulelo ye Collector kaThixo.

igolide Spanish: shintsho oluncinci "zolotolikih" ukubonakala

lwemali Old igolide Spanish wazalwa kuphela kwinkulungwane XVI, ebizwa i "escudos yegolide." Ubukho imali ezinkozo wegolide Spain luphawulwa uzinzo liphezulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-France kunye ingakumbi eNgilani.

escudos Chasing ezazakhiwe ebudeni bolawulo uKumkani uPhilip II. Coin Ratio neNgonyama kwinkqubo wokubolekisa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1 = 400 PTE maravedi kamva PTE = 1 Kr = 16 544 maravedi.

zezindlu zooyise:

• ngekhulu XVI: i escudo kunye eskudilo, nto leyo kulingana escudos enesiqingatha.
• ngekhulu XVIII: doubloons zegolide (2 escudos).
• Ukuqala kwenkulungwane XIX: 1 escudo elilingana reais 40. escudos kamva isilivere okwethutyana igama lemali. Kukho copper entsha, ubhedu imali yesilivere: centimos kunye pessety.
• Ukuphela XIX - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX: ukujika igolide nesilivere emahlelweni ka-20, 25 no-100 pesset.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, njengoko nengqokelela imali zegolide eSpeyin ziyafumaneka ezahlukeneyo zokwakha euro.

Isiqingatha kurhulumente - ngemali anqabileyo

Numismatists ukuthenga aqokelele inani elikhulu imali ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi zexabiso ezinkozo. injongo sina unyanisekileyo yaye uyakuthanda ke iingqekembe zegolide ngezinto zakudala. Ixabiso kubo ziyahluka ukusuka emashumini ezimbalwa zeerandi amakhulu amawaka.

Iindleko eyiyona imali sixabisekileyo ezinkozo kwegolide lucaciswa kule theyibhile.

Kuba ngqekembe ukunicacisela - ukuza nje ngaphandle kokuba ithuba sentengiso kuthetha, avuleke imyuziyam, zisaqhubeka yembali. umqokeleli lokwenyaniso akawuvali kuphela uya kukuxelela ukuba bahlala umphefumlo kwehlabathi, imbali kwilizwe elithile, abantu a elithile ethile. Yintoni a itikiti ukuba umatshini ixesha ngengqondo, apho uyakwazi ukubona ukumkani nokumkanikazi Mandulo French, namapirates iSpanish, inkundla IsiNgesi kunye nabakhonzi amahlwempu. Ukuba ubuncwane nje kuphela, kodwa nembali, inkcubeko kunye ngokomoya. lwemali yegolide yamandulo - ixabiso liphezulu Minti phakathi kubaqokeleli.