Zemihla Magic: iintyatyambo vanilla ebomini bethu

vanilla ngevumba ihamba ukuba bonke ubomi bethu, ukususela ebuntwaneni sikhumbula ivumba iibhisikithi vanilla esimnandi, ulutsha sinxulumana isiqholo nentombi okanye ivumba yakho oyithandayo. Ukufudumala kunye nentuthuzelo avela ngalinye iinkumbulo! Hayi kudala, oosonzululwazi bafumanisa ukuba ivumba exudes iintyatyambo vanilla kunye ivumba eyomeleleyo ezithathwe kwisiqhamo esi sityalo, kukupholisa kunye walo luvo yabantu. Xa uluntu sasingaziwa ncam esi sityalo, amila intyantyambo kwaye kweziphi iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze yona? Eli nqaku liza kuzama ukukuxelela malunga le ntyatyambo njenge orchid vanilla, ifoto leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi, ngokunjalo ukuphendula yonke imibuzo.

A incinane

Vanilla ngowaphi na Central America, apho abandimisela kakhulu balapha --Aztec, owasebenzisa ngayo ukuphucula ubumandi ethululwayo engcwele - kwase ye chocolate mihla.

Zokuqala zaseYurophu ukuze uxhamle ezithandwa yetyeleba, waba Hristofor Kolumb, ngubani ngayo itshokolethi basele ngumlawuli wasekhaya. Ukuba Columbus wazisa vanilla eYurophu, apho nasongo yasenza ihlelwe yokuqala kumazwe afana eSpeyin, Austria Italy. BaseSpeyin, ebathandile ivumba vanilla kunye efunyanwa ekuthengisweni embewini ngeniso ukuthatha kwiintlanga Mexican uninzi lerhafu na iziqhamo, emva kokuba fade ze vanilla intyatyambo. ngaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu ubukumkani isiSpanish yaba ongenisa sole umthengisi vanilla kwi World Endala. Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu kunye nokuntsonkotha lokuhambisa amanye amazwe wadibana nale bulawu bungangobo kancinane emva koko. Ngoko ke, kwinkulungwane XVII ekuqaleni, vanilla waqala kungongezwa womoji, kwakunye kwimixube yayo eliphekwe ukutshaya ukuba imibhobho kunye neziselo ezinxilisayo.

iimpawu zezityalo

Vanilla, ngaphezulu kanye - vanilla orchid - ummeli kuphela usapho orchid (Orchidaceae), iziqhamo, ezisetyenziswa ngenkuthalo ngumntu. Inkqutyana-iintlobo zesi zezityalo, eziyinzalelwane kwimimandla esabutropikhi zombini zifaka zomhlaba, kukho malunga 100. Kuba vanilla lwahluma ngomlinganiselo yorhwebo kuzo zonke iindidi ezintathu:

• planifolia;
• pompona;
• tahitensis.

Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga ngamnye kubo uza kukuxelela kamva.

Zonke vanilla - imidiliya baqotha, nto leyo iimeko zendalo ukufikelela iimitha ezingama-40. Kwindalo, ukuba ngokutya igazi imithi ekoko nasemasimini kokuba ufake izixhaso ezizodwa okanye ndatyala ecaleni kwabo imithi dracaena nje ukubandezeleka basebumelwaneni enjalo. Vanilla izidiliya zikhula kakhulu ngokukhawuleza, ukukhula kwinyanga edlulileyo unako ukufikelela ukuya imitha. Ukusuka herbaceous ehlangeni vanilla kusekwe ngexesha ukukhula iingcambu nobuninzi lomoya, ukunceda sinamathele isityalo kwaye yayibanjelwe emithini. Amagqabi yale orchid nenyama, elimbhoxo-lanceolate.

kamnandi ezinkulu kwaye limnandi kakhulu vanilla, iifoto apho ingabonwa ngezantsi, buthathwa ibrashi zipeyintwe umbala omthubi noluhlaza. Perianth iqulathe ezinamagqabi amathandathu, omnye liqengqwa ibe ityhubhu kwaye yenza i "umlebe", ezo pistil ezifihlakeleyo istameni kuphela. Efanayo isakhiwo flower yenza kube nzima kakhulu uvuvuzelo, leyo ukuthwala omnye kuphela uhlobo leenyosi zasekuhlaleni kunye iingcungcu.

Vanilla esezansi ngomnyaka wesithathu yobomi bakhe, nge flower ngamnye ohlala imini enye kuphela. Yamaqanda, leyo zenza iintyatyambo ezimvumvuzelwa ze vanilla, ukuphuhlisa elide kakhulu, ukususela ngowe-7 ukuya kwiinyanga-9 - kwaye enze evuthelweyo ubude zezindlu iziqhamo emxinwa ye-10 - 30 cm ngaphakathi brown kwibhokisi enye-egumbini lizele iimbewu ezincinane brown-emnyama .. Ezi zityalo avelisa isiqhamo ixesha elide, iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kuma-50.

iintlobo

Yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiLatini isiya kulwimi Russian kuthetha Vanilla "Pod", yaye namhlanje iintlobo ezintathu izityalo ezikhuliswa oyithandayo nasebulawini into eninzi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iintyatyambo vanilla abafunyanwa kuMbindi Merika, ezo kwakoomawokhulu zonke iintlobo ezisetyenziswa namhlanje.

vanilla planifolia

Ngoko ke, eqhelekileyo kakhulu kwaye ilifa ivumba ezinamandla kakhulu elimnandi Vanilla planifolia lukhula kuMbindi Merika, Indonesia, kwiziqithi zeCaribbean kunye Madagascar. Iintyatyambo ezi zilwanyana une ivumba olunzulu yaye ubuthathaka, sukube ngokuzenzela. Iziqhamo esi sityalo ayavunwa ngesandla, lisetyenziswa xa upheka kunye zokuthambisa.

vanilla pompom

eqhelekileyo kangako yaye aqholiweyo na ekuthiwa-Antilles vanilla - Vanilla pompona, ikhule eMexico Panama, kwakunye namanye amazwe e-Central America. Olu hlobo lisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezininzi ngokohlobo izicatshulwa kwishishini kokutya.

vanilla isiTahiti

Olunye uhlobo orchid, ogama iziqhamo asetyenziswa ekuphekeni, ifunyenwe ngenxa yokuwela Vanilla planifolia kunye pompona vanilla isiTahiti - Vanilla tahitensis JWMoore. Ukhulisa le isityalo kwiziqithi of French Polynesia, kwakunye nezinye iingingqi akumazantsi Pacific Ocean. Imidumba yale hlobo siqulathe imali encinci vanillin, kodwa uninzi lwezinye macandelo isongo - heliotropine. Ngenxa Vanilla tahitensis ukuba ibe livumba ethambileyo, noxhamla ubuncwane ngakumbi ubukho iziqhamo kunye namanqaku zeentyantyambo. Ukongezelela kwisicelo zokupheka, iintyatyambo ezintle yaye aqholiweyo ukukhula tahitensis vanilla ngenxa flavoring kunye umhombiso lweendawo ezahlukeneyo.

Apho ikhula?

Ukuba Vanilla original ekhula kuphela kwiindawo ezithile Central America, kodwa namhlanje luthe lwahluma kumazwe amaninzi emvula. Kuba ukukhula eqhelekileyo kunye nophuhliso kule zizityalo kwimozulu nokufuma kunye eshushu. Ngoko ke izityalo kufuna lobushushu hayi ngaphezulu kwama-30 ⁰ C kwaye hayi ngaphantsi kwe-15 ⁰ C kunye ukufuma ezinqwenelekayo malunga 80%. Zonke iintlobo ze vanilla kakhulu befuna ukuba umhlaba: kufuneka ibe friable natyebileyo nezinto eziphilayo, permeability umoya elungileyo namanzi.

Namhlanje, vanilla iyalinywa kumazwe amaninzi kummandla ukususela izidanga-10 ukuya ku-20 ukusuka kwi-ikhweyitha, e-Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, eUnited States, i-African States West kunye iziqithi French Polynesia.