Ziziphi amagama eziqhelekileyo ngesiRashiya? Imizekelo yamazwi aqhelekileyo

Isichazamazwi sesiRashiya sisityebi kwaye sihluke. Kodwa isigama esiqhelekileyo singathandabuzeki ukuba siyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu. Le nucleus, ngaphandle kokungenakwenzeka ukucinga ulwimi kunye nencoko, iquka amagama asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo achaza imiqondo esetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo. Ziyakwazi ukuvakala kwisitalato, emsebenzini, esikolweni, kwisitoreji, ngamanye amagama, naphi na. Isigama sesigama siyisiseko sesichazizwi sesizwe, esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha ngolwimi lwenu. Esi sisiseko esinceda ukuqhubeka nokucebisa nokuphucula isigama. Musa ukuthobela ukubaluleka kwayo. Phantse zonke iiyunithi zesigama sabantu zisetyenziswe ngokusisigxina kwaye zihlala zikhona, zifumaneka kwiintetho zonke.

Amagama aqhelekileyo kunye namagama angathathi hlangothi

NgesiRashiya kunamazwi amaninzi ayaziwa kwaye ayatholakala kuwo wonke umntu, angasetyenziswa kwintetho kunye nokubhala. Imizekelo ibandakanya iiyunithi ezilandelayo: "umlambo", "umhlaba", "i-grove", "roll", "uhambe", "udle", "ubusika", "ubambe", "usebenze", "funda", " Iphephandaba "," umfazi "," isiphakamiso "," umntu ", njl. Kukho amagama angathathi hlangothi anokufumaneka kwintlalo yesayensi kunye nengxoxo eqhelekileyo; Zingabonwa zombini kwiphepha elisemthethweni nakwileta yomhlobo. Kukho iiyunithi ezininzi ezinxulumene nolwimi lwesiRashiya. Amagama aqhelekileyo, imizekelo eyaziwayo ngoku, iyaqhelekileyo kulo lonke ilizwe. Ziye zisetyenziswe kwezinye iindawo apho abantu bathetha isiRashiya.

Isigama esichazayo

Ukongeza kwiiyunithi ezingabandakanyekanga, kunye namazwi aqhelekileyo asetyenziswayo, abo bangabonakaliswa ngabantu bonke, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi. Ngenxa yoko, ithuba kufuneka linikezwe. Ngokomzekelo, amagama: "umhlaba", "i-sprawl", "iphephandaba", "i-ndever", "ingadi" - eyahluke kakhulu kwiiyunithi ezingabandakanyekanga, ezingabonakaliyo ngokwasemphefumlweni okanye ezicacileyo. Oku kuvakalelwa gqitha xa bebizwa. Umbala womoya udluliselwa ngoncedo lwazo zonke iintlobo zeengxowankulu, ezinokubangela ukunyamezela okanye ukunyusa ukunyanzelisa, kwaye ukubonakalisa ukufezekiswa kufumaneka ukubonakaliswa okungavamile kwamagama asetyenziswa entetho. Ukuthetha iiyunithi ezinjalo, umntu ubonisa isimo sakhe esihle okanye esibi kwisiganeko okanye into. Kwaye akumangalisi ukuba amagama anjalo aqhelekanga asetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye namaphepha ezoshishino. Iiyunithi ezibonisa ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo ezingasetyenzisiwe kuzo zonke iintlobo zentetho. Njengomthetho, basebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kwiintetho eziqhelekileyo, kwaye banokufundwa nakwiimpapasho eziprintiweyo. Akunakwenzeka ukucinga indlela abantu bangathetha ngayo, ukuba akukhona amagama aqhelekileyo. Amagama anjalo, aya kubhekiseli kwisigama sezakhono. Ungazidibanisi ngamagama aqhelekileyo. Le mpazamo enkulu.

Amagama anesidima kunye neengcali eziqhelekileyo

Kodwa kukho konke oku ngasentla, ayilandeli la magama aqhelekileyo yigama elivaliweyo, apho kungekho mpembelelo. Musa ukucinga njalo. Ngokuchasene noko, kule ngqamaniso ingongezwa ngokwemigaqo (ikhethekileyo okanye ulwimi), ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide lapheliswa. Ngokomzekelo, amagama athi: "motley", "utywala", "ukuxaka", "ukutshisa", "ukulahleka", "rhoqo" - abazange baqhelanise ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 njengokuba bekhona ngoku: ubuninzi babo bokusetyenziswa babelunxwemeni okanye udidi olukhethekileyo. Kwaye ngoku iinqununu eziqhelekileyo ziqhelekile. Kuyathakazelisa, akunjalo? Amagama aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ngesiRashiya anomdla kubo abaninzi abaphandi. Ukongezelela, bahlala befuna ukufunda ngabantu basemzini baya eRashiya.

Ukhohliwe iiyunithi eziqhelekileyo

Kwakhona, ezinye iiyunithi eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo zingaphelelwa yintetho kwiintetho zokuthetha, zincinci ububanzi besicelo sabo. Ngokomzekelo, amagama athi "squeamish" (intsasa) kunye ne "zobat" (adle) namhlanje ayetyenziswe kuphela kwiilwimi ezininzi zaseRashiya. Uninzi lwawo alukhumbuli. Kwenzeka ukuba i-unit lexical iphelile ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye ibe yintetho engcali. Ubuninzi babantu bayalilibala ngokukodwa leli gama, elincinci. Amagama aqhelekileyo amacandelo angama-lexical angasuswa ngokupheleleyo kwimemori yabantu. Ngelishwa, oku kunjalo.

Igama elidumileyo linamagama ahlukileyo - amagama angasetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza. Ziyakwazi ukuvakala ngelixa ziphakathi kwabantu bezobugcisa ezithile okanye zihlala kwintsimi enye.

Dialectism

Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela amagama adibeneyo. Zisetyenziswe entetho yabo ngabantu abahlala kwindawo ethile. Iiyunithi ezixhomekeke kwi-dixique zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiintetho ezilula. Kwaye oku kuyaqondakala. Emva koko, ulwimi olubhekiselele ngokuyinhloko kuletho yomlomo yabantu abahlala kwimizana. Akuyi kuqondakala kumntu ongaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, abantu basekuhlaleni bayazi kwaye baqhelekileyo amagama. Kuya kuba budenge ukucinga ukuba abanakukwazi ukuyisebenzisa entetho yabo.

Kunokuba iilwimi zihluke kumagama aqhelekileyo

Uthini umahluko phakathi kolwimi nolwimi oluqhelekileyo? Iyokuqala ibonakaliswa yintsimi encinci yokusetyenziswa, ngaphezu koko, ibonakaliswe ngenye impawu ye-semantic-lexical, igrammatical, kunye neefowtiki. Ukunikezelwa kweempawu zabo, iintlobo ezininzi zeelwimi ziyahlukahlukana. Zeziphi na?

Iintlobo zezilwimi

1. Iifayile zefoni zeFonetic ziyiyunithi ekhethekileyo. Yintoni ongayithetha ngabo? Ziqulethe iimpawu zefonetiki zesalathisi: "tynyatok", "Vanka", "boccia" (kwisigama esivamile "ngamanzi abilayo", "Vanka", "umgqomo") - ngumntu waseMzantsi Russia; "Ukubhema", "umntu", "tsyasy", "nemchi" (ngamanye amazwi, "inkukhu", "indoda", "iwashi", "amaJamani") - amagama athiwa aqhelekanga, aqhelekileyo kwiintetho ezininzi ezisenyakatho-ntshona. Kubangaphandle, isandi sabo sinokubonakala siyinqaba. Kakade, basondele kumagama aqhelekileyo.
2. Iilwimi zegrama ze-grammatic are unit units. Yintoni eyaziwa ngabo? Zinezixhobo zesigrama ezingabonakali kolwimi lokubhala, kwaye azifani namazwi aqhelekileyo kunye nesakhiwo sabo sokuziphatha. Akunakuze uvaphule.
3. Iilwimi eziqhelekanga zingamagama angaqhelekanga njengamazwi aqhelekileyo angabi nentsingiselo okanye ifomu. Umzekelo, i-Indus - yebo, i-kochet - i-cock, i-gutarit - intetho, kutshanje - kutshanje, njalo njalo.

Amagama akhethekileyo kunye neengcali

Iiyunithi ezixhasayo, ezinokuthi zivakala xa zihlala kuluntu lwabantu abathile bomsebenzi othile, bhekisa kumagama akhethekileyo kunye neengcali. Ziyasetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo zeteknoloji kunye nesayensi. La magama mabini maye ahluke ukuze aqonde ukuba yiliphi ilizwi elivunyelweyo ngokusemthethweni kwaye lihlala libizwa ngokuthe ngqo (elizodwa), kwaye lichazwa ngokucacileyo, liphinde liguqulelwe emva kokuba liboleke kwisivakalisi esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo (ubuchwepheshe). Ezi zilandelayo ziqhelekileyo kwisigama sabantu beentlobo ezininzi zomsebenzi. Ngaloo ndlela, amazwi aqhelekileyo athile aphakamisa ubugcisa.

Igama elikhethekileyo, njengomthetho, "lihlanganisa" ngokuthe ngqo "uhlobo oluthile lwetheknoloji okanye isayensi" zonke iingcamango ezibalulekileyo kunye neengcamango zichazwe ngokwemiqathango eqinileyo. Ubugcisa buhluke kakhulu kubo. Akunqabile ukumelelwa njengenkqubo, ekubeni zithathwa kwiingxoxo zomlomo zabantu abachaphazelekayo. Ubugcisa bungabizwa ngokuba ngamazwi anemvakalelo kwaye acacileyo. Zivakala ngokucacileyo. Wonke umntu ufuna ukwazi amagama aqhelekileyo, amagama adibeneyo kunye neengcali.