Goncharov, "An Ibali Ordinary": Isishwankathelo kunye nembali

IShumi. Nantso kakhulu okanye kancinci? Yiminyaka elishumi emva kokupapashwa inoveli yakhe Pushkin kwivesi "Eugene Onegin" yi Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov ndagqiba ekubeni ndenze utshintsho ukuze 'kwixesha hero. " Yena wayiqonda ingqondo mpembelelo bakhe ubudala yaye waqonda ukuba ezi ngcinga nokuqiqa babeza kuthulula phezu ephepheni ...

Era New ... amagama amatsha

Ubomi kwandiswa. Ilizwe yatshintsha ... eyabangela umbhali uhlaziye modernity ukufa Pushkin kaThixo, ngubani na isithixo yobutsha bayo. ukufa kwakhe isijwili i 'ukufa unina. " incwadi entsha wamitha Goncharov oselula. "Story Ordinary" - ukuba njalo-kuthiwa inoveli yokuqala ababhali. Le mbono amakhulu, kwaye kwakunzima phansi. Elibanzi, inoveli entsha uncwadi enkulu Russian kwinkulungwane XIX ibangiwe, olandelayo emva Pushkin and Lermontov! Ivan Aleksandrovich, ukusebenza kwi ncwadi, wabonisa ingqiqo efanelekileyo, ngokubonelela indalo yakho imiba ngcembe, enzululwazi yeengcinga ngxabano ngeembono. Umbhali bavakalelwa kukuba zingasakwazi Eugene Onegin, "Umntu akufuneki" kwilizwe lakhe, ukuba zibonise izinto zophuhliso. Aninako ukwenza ukuba ne Pechorin.

Malunga abantu ukuyilwa omtsha ndigqibe ukubhala inoveli "Ibali Ordinary" Goncharov. Imbali yomsebenzi yendaleko. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo wokuqala wamaRoma Goncharova. Phambi ncwadi, yena wayifunda Maikova usapho. utshintsho ke zaziswa esicetywayo Valerianom Maykovym. Kwaye kuphela xa imveliso wayixhasa ngokuzimisela Belinsky, Ivan inoveli yakho ishicilelwe. Ababephila, ngokukhuthazwa umgxeki Russian zoncwadi №1 (Belinsky), efuna ukuthenga incwadi entsha kunye umbhalo ukuqweqwe "Potters" Ibali Ordinary. "

Isishwankathelo kwezahluko equlathwe kwinqaku qhagamshelana echazwe isakhiwo inoveli eziquka iinxalenye ezimbini, kunye UYobi.

design

incwadi yakhe entsha, ubonakala umbhali ukuba isigqibo ukuqala nkqu 'ehlabathini Pushkin, "oko kukuthi, kwindawo igama zakudala, leyo ilawulwa yi-iindwalutho waseKhaya kwaye uzalise sele ongumsunguli" ihlabathi elitsha "- yoohlohlesakhe: .. Phakathi abalimi kunye careerists. Goncharov akwazi ukuchaza ezi nkqubo zimbini zentlalo nenkcubeko, nezigaba ezibini ezilandelelanayo kuphuhliso loluntu Russian. Qaphela ukuba ngokuqalisa imisebenzi yakhe isicwangciso, indima enkulu kakhulu ukuba uncwadi kazwelonke wenza Goncharov. "Ibali Ordinary" ebangele ezahlukeneyo ncomo. Nangona kunjalo, zonke abahlalutyi ekuvunyelwene kwinto enye: inoveli esifike, ke, kuyimfuneko. Hi ndlela leyi, ngexesha lomsebenzi ekubhaleni wayezelwe Ivan Goncharov yaqulunqa ingcamango umdla zonke iinoveli realist Russian kwinkulungwane XIX zisekelwe Roman Pushkina.

Ehlasela kwilifa eSt Petersburg

Inxalenye yokuqala yomsebenzi wakhe lomboniso isigqebelo iqalisa ukuba etha Ivan Goncharov. "Ibali Ordinary" luqala kunye ukungahoywa omnye bantu, Aleksandrom Fedorovichem Aduevym, unyana ka a noblewoman wengingqi ihlwempu Anna Pavlovna Adueva, ilifa lakhe ehlasela usapho. Ilifa ngukumkani ingxokozelo: badidekile unina onothando ziqokelela umntwana wakhe ... le ndawo kunye ezichukumisayo isigqebelo.

Umfundi ngexesha elifanayo nako ukujonga indlela abaziva ngayo i unreformed eRashiya: serfdom wayijika siwela amafa (ngolwimi lwe kamva Romana Goncharova) kwi "wozela". Nakuba kukho "umlinganiselo wakho": "phambi kwesidlo sasemini" yaye "emva kwemini", kunye namaxesha zigqitywa umsebenzi entsimini.

kweminyaka engamashumi amabini ka-Alexander emke valet Evseev, leyo ushers inkosi oselula uAgrippina. Le ehlasela wahlala unina, nodade, Sonia uthando kunye naye. Ngosuku ukuphuma Alexander lwaphaphatheka, ngenxa amathandathu iikhilomitha Pospelov umhlobo ukuba ukwanga ezinye goodbye nganye.

Indlela ntetho ayifani ngokuqhelekileyo bakhe iincwadi zokubhala ixesha Roman Goncharov. "Ibali Ordinary" abalinganiswa ezibonakala saziswe kwi indlela eqhelekileyo bali kukho umntu oqhelekileyo, akufani umsebenzi (inoveli akuthethi zishwankathela). Iziqulatho zale ncwadi ikuxelela akubonakali umbhali, kunye meditator, neqabane, owayephila ngexesha iziganeko ezichazwe.

Malunga nezizathu Adueva

Xa estate intsapho yakhe, ngokuqinisekileyo Alexander kwakuya kwenzeka. Ukuba yena wahlala ehlasela, ubomi elizayo bekungaba, Kakade, ndigqibile entle. Kwiqula-ntle yayo Walinganisa balihlanganisa lokuvuna, akazange kufuna umgudu. inkosi Young ngokuzenzekelayo ubukho ungakhathaliyo iye kwezentlalo iphumelele kulo mmandla. Noko ke, lo mfanekiso zoncwadi - mhlaba abatsha - i Umbhali onovelwano Goncharov. "Ibali Ordinary" oko inkcazelo yayo iqulethe isigqebelo elungileyo ... Yintoni etsalela kuye eSt Petersburg? Wabhala imibongo uzama isandla sakhe iprozi, amaphupha lozuko. Ziye ke iqhutywa ngu ngamaphupha. Into ukhumbuza yokugcina wakhe Lermontov Lena: nalwazi, kunye ukuzithemba ...

kwenza ukuba njengenyathelo okukhulu kangaka? Okokuqala, funda iinoveli French. Umbhali ukhankanya kubo ukulandisa kwakhe. Oku "shagreen" Balzac, "Memoirs kaMtyholi" Soulier, kwakunye ezaziwayo "isepha Fiction", zizele phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX eYurophu neRashiya: «Les Sept péchés capitaux», «Le manuscrit vert», «L'Ane Mort».

Isibakala sokuba ngokwenene Alexander Aduev ithathe imbonakalo benendelelo yaye okulungileyo ebomini, ezithatyathwe neenoveli, ubonisa Ivan Goncharov. "Ibali Ordinary" kwi izigigaba slovoizyasneny Alexander iqulethe iingcaphulo ezivela iinoveli "Green Manuscript" (G. Drouin), "Atar-Gul" (E. Sue) ... Ekubeni umbhali buhlungu kancinane kubalwa zonke iincwadi "bayagula" yena ebutsheni bakhe. Emva koko ke umbhali ubhala malunga nomsebenzi wakhe yayibonisa "ngokwabo nabanye abafana ngayo," walenza kubanda, nzima, nokhuphiswano Petersburg (indawo apho i "ukwenza umsebenzi") ukusuka 'koomama ezilungileyo ".

Ingcamango kwinoveli: ungquzulwano eceleni

Kodwa makhe sibuyele kwakhona kwinoveli ... Okwesibini, Alexander wazisa kuloo mzi ngomhla Neva umzekelo kayisekazi, uPetros Adueva, kwiminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe eyadlulayo, weza evela kwiphondo St. Petersburg "owafumana indlela yakhe." It wavumela ukuba ungquzulwano inqubo ngasentla abalinganiswa wabhala Roman Goncharov. "Story Ordinary" - ayikho nje ngendlela eyahlukileyo kubomi babantu ababini, lo moya maxesha.

Isishwankathelo le ncwadi, oko sikuko umahluko imihlaba emibini. One - swii, yeengcungcu, ukonqena mhle enye - loo esebenzayo, kuzaliswa kukwazi yabasebenzi olufunekayo, i "yokwenene". Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo into yokokuba umbhali Ivan Goncharov wakwazi ukuba uyigcine, ubeke phezu kuboniswa uluntu ukufunda yenye impixano enkulu i-imi- 40 kwinkulungwane XIX: phakathi barshchina ngamadoda kunye nobomi zoshishino asakhulayo. Ibonisa iimpawu uphawu kuluntu elitsha: ukuhlonipha umsebenzi, nengqiqo, ubuchule, uxanduva ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, ukuhlonipha impumelelo, nengqiqo, ingqeqesho.

Ukufika umtshana wakhe

Indlela ukuphendula kokufika mtshana kabawokazi Petersburg kaThixo? Kuba naye, kwaba ngathi ubethwe oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yena kwamcaphukisa. Eneneni, emagxeni akhe, ukongeza neenkxalabo njengesiqhelo, incwadi evela intombi ka-Anna Pavlovna (unina Alexander) dwa uyiphathisiweyo yokunyamekela unyana bobusana yaye uyakuthanda kakhulu kwaye nomdlandla. Isigcawu emininzi enjalo kudala oku isigqebelo Roman Goncharov. "Ibali Ordinary", isishwankathelo apho phambi kweli nqaku ukugcina iincwadi ezibhalwe Mother Adueva ngaphandle iziphumlisi wathumela kunye "kadochkoy ubusi" kunye ingxowa lokufunda "rasberries womile." Oku kuquka umzali isicelo "kungekhona ukuze bonakalise 'nonyana wakhe ukuyibona. Pavlova kwakhona ndaziswa okokuba imali kwakuza unyana wakhe yena. Ukongeza, le ncwadi iqulathe izicelo ngaphezu kweshumi evela kubamelwane ababemazi amabini guy phambi lokuhamba ukuya eSt Petersburg, ukususela isicelo sikhephe, xa aza iinkumbulo zothando nomhlobo endala zakhe akavumanga kanye nabaseAsia. Malume incwadi, kwaye hayi ukunika intliziyo sothimbo ukuba umtshana wakhe, ndagqiba ekubeni ndilunike kuye nokuhambisana, sikhokelwa i "imithetho ngokusesikweni kunye nesizathu."

Help Adueva Sr.

Peter Ivanovich, edibanisa ngempumelelo inkonzo karhulumente kunye kwezoqoqosho (ngaxeshanye yena wayengumfuyi), ngokuchaseneyo umtshana wakhe uhlala, ishishini, ihlabathi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo "owomileyo". Uyabona ngamampunge ngokwemigaqo izimvo kwihlabathi njengekhondo umtshana wakhe, yaye oko kubonisa kwincwadi yakhe Goncharov ( "zesiQhelo Ibali"). Isishwankathelo ukungqubana kwemihla ezizinzululwazi akayi ukuchaza, koko ndithetha kuphela oko ke olu uloyiso yehlabathi eziphathekayo.

Petro obeleke ezomileyo kunye yoshishino nomtshana accustom kubomi ezidolophini. Yena eliqeqesha umntu oselula lwezindlu, uncedo ukuze ukuqesha igumbi endlwini apho ubomi. Aduev uSister Alexander uxelela ukuhlela indlela ebomini bakho, apho ukuba zidle. Malume ayikwazi ndayifumana imangalelwe yokungakhathali. Yena ufuna umtshana wakhe umsebenzi ohambelana utyekelo bakhe: iinguqulelo lwamanqaku ngomxholo kwezolimo.

lithathelwe Social of Alexander

Yokuphila ishishini Petersburg ngcembe kuqinisa mfana. Emva kweminyaka emibini sele ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo endlwini epapasha: translation nje kuphela kweli nqaku, kodwa uchola kubo, lihlola amanqaku abanye abantu, ubhala kumbandela kwezolimo. Ukuze ufunde indlela orientation loluntu Adueva Jr., ubalisa ibali kwinoveli Goncharov. "Ibali Ordinary", isishwankathelo apho esixubusha, malunga mfana kwenzeka utshintsho: Ukwamkelwa nenguqulelo esemthethweni kwaye ingenalo novelwano.

Ukuphoxeka uthando kunye nomhlobo

Alexander unalo uthando entsha, Nadia Lyubetskaya. Sonia evela ehlasela sele waphoswa entliziyweni. Alexander zentliziyo uthando Nadya, yena aphuphe oko ngobulumko ... intombazana ukhetha Bala Novinsky. Aduev Young ngokupheleleyo alahlekelwe intloko yakhe ngothando, ufuna ukutsalela Count ukuya Kungquzulwano. Ekubeni mlilo enjalo inkanuko yiphathi nkqu uyisekazi. Kweli nqanaba, i inoveli wazisa ezincinane ebalulekileyo Ivan Goncharov. "Ibali Ordinary" isixelela ukuba uthando le ntlekele eziyingozi (ukuzibulala ezisongela mhlawumbi) inceda omnye komnye - umfazi Peter Ivanovich, Dabawo Alexandra, Lizaveta Alexandrovna. Lo mfana Andigezi, yena watyelelwa iphupha, kodwa akakukhathalele indawo yakhe. Noko ke, ngoko ke elindele ngesibetho elitsha wekamva.

Ngengozi eSt Petersburg ngomhla Nevsky Prospekt ubona umhlobo ebuntwaneni Pospelov. Alexander emehlweni: Well ekugqibeleni wabonakala ecaleni omnye lowo ungasoloko ufumana inkxaso lowo igazi epholileyo ... kodwa nganye kuyafana kuphela ngembonakalo, ubuntu bakhe unenzondelelo iinguqu ezibalulekileyo, yaba unpleasantly nanceba kunye nokubala.

Uyisekazi eqinisekile umtshana wakhe

Alexander udangele ngokupheleleyo bavuseleleke, njengoko kuboniswa inoveli "Ibali Ordinary". Nababumbi, Noko ke, utshela akajiki njani abantu abatsha Adueva adlise ubomi umalume wakhe. Yena kokwenzekayo yaye kunzima-nomtshana ebuyela neengxaki zobomi, ukuze baqale emtyhola ngelithi kwaveza. Alexander Ayavumelana nako oko amazwi kaPetros Ivanovich ekufuneka ezixabisa ngaphezu kwabo bamthandayo umvelelayo kwihlabathi yokwenene (nonina, malume, umakazi) kunye ngaphantsi iingcinga kukho ehlabathini. Aduev uSister ngokulandelana ushwankathela Umtshana ukuba enze. Kuba yena rhoqo, inyathelo ngenyathelo (amanzi ayawadla ilitye) Ngokusengqiqweni ukuhlalutya yonke iminqweno kunye ice Adueva junior ngokwemigaqo kumava abanye abantu.

Ekugqibeleni, xa umzabalazo wabo Romanticism mtshana uPetros Ivanovich aqhubana igalelo isigqibo. Ugqiba ukubonisa Alexander amandla yokwenene italente yakhe ngumbhali. Ngokuba lo Aduev uSister bade baye kwimibingelelo izinto ezithile. Yena unika umtshana wakhe umfuniselo ukupapasha ibali lakhe egameni lakhe. Impendulo ukupapasha isityumzi ukuba abo basandula kuqalisa abanomnqweno umbhali ... Oko kwaba ngathi, wadubula, ekugqibeleni Yaxhelwa ke yothando.

quo Quid pro

Ngoku, umtshana, umalume uthethe ishishini efanayo, ulwimi owomileyo, hayi endibulala iimvakalelo. Ngabafo umphefumlo waphila Alexander ... Yena uyavuma ukunceda umalume wakhe kwityala abonakele ngokwaneleyo. ingxaki umalume: ulijonga njengomhlobo wakhe, Surkov, ukuba uyayeka ukuba iqabane ethembekileyo phantsi kwempembelelo, kunokutshiseka. Uwa uthandana umhlolokazi Tafaevu Yulia Pavlovna. Aduev uSister ucela umtshana wakhe ukuba nizityhafise Surkov ibhinqa eliselula ukuwa uthando ngalo mna ukuba Alexander ezinokwenziwa. Noko ke, le ulwalamano lwakhe Tafaevoy awuphelelanga apho, uze ukhule ukutshiseka efanayo. Romantic Julia Pavlovna siwuqobe i Adueva oselula unogumbe neemvakalelo Alexander akazange eme uvavanyo lothando.

emkhombeni Psychological Adueva Jr.

UPyotr ilawula akajiki Tafaevu. Noko ke, Alexander usebenzisa abangenamdla epheleleyo. It converges ne Kostikov, leyo ke kucetyiswa Peter Ivanovich. Yinto ezisemthethweni, inazo naziphi kamoya kunye nomfanekiso- ngqondweni. Isiphelo sakhe - kuthanjiswa "badlale checkers okanye intlanzi" live ngaphandle "imvakalelo." Enye anti Lizaveta Alexandrovna, ukuzama ukuqhatha akakukhathalele lonke Alexander, ucela ukuba ahambe kwexesha ekonsathini.

Phantsi impembelelo somculo ivayolin romance weva Alexander ugqiba ukuba phezulu aze abuyele ekhaya encinane, xa ehlasela. Yena uza kwilifa lakhe ekhayeni kunye umkhonzi othembekileyo Yevseyev.

Mfutshane ukufumana ungumlandeli

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ukubuya "Petersburger" Aduev Jr. sele eyahlukileyo, hayi bolutsha ubona indlela yokuchitha ze umnini-mhlaba koqoqosho. Uphawula abasebenzi yamahlwempu enzima kunye rhoqo, yinkxalabo sikanina. Alexander uqala uhlaziye ngobuchule ukuze abaninzi baso iguqulelwe kwi indlwana yezolimo kude isiko, kwaye sithathwa ukufunda iincwadi yobungcali.

Pavlova ilusizi yona into yokuba umphefumlo unyana uphelelwe ubuzwe yangaphambili, yaye yaguda, stouter ukuba yaziginya ukuba akho wokuphila Petersburg. UMama unethemba lokuba ngokuhlala endlwini ezilahlekileyo, unyana imbuyekezo, kodwa ukulinda - uyafa. Kuba umlinganiswa ophambili yenoveli, umphefumlo wakhe ehlambulukile ukubandezeleka kuza ukuqonda amaxabiso yokwenene ukholo lokwenyaniso. Noko ke, kweli nqanaba ngokomoya umiselwe ukuba uhlale hayi ixesha elide. Alexander wabuyela eSt Petersburg.

Yintoni na amabali "esiqhelekileyo"?

Ukususela UYobi sifunda ukuba Aduev Jr. uba umcebisi Collegiate, yaba ingeniso kunokuba enkulu, yaye uza kutshata umfazi osisityebi (umtshakazi ikhazi emlindeleyo yebo kunjalo ngamakhoboka yayingamakhulu amathathu amawaka, anamakhulu amahlanu) kwiminyaka emine.

Intsapho uyisekazi wathabatha utshintsho esahlukileyo. Aduev uSister uza le nkinga ezicacileyo, nto leyo ekugqibeleni pushes ihlabathi lakhe ishishini. Eneneni, ubomi bakhe bonke ke subordinated ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi, ishishini, inkonzo. Ngenxa kwiinjongo zeemali ashiya ngokupheleleyo ubuntu bakhe, similise yena ibe yinxalenye umatshini elinye.

Elizabeth A. walahlekelwa romance yayo, abe lady ezolileyo. Kuyinto ekupheleni kwinoveli kuye kwaba "isixhobo ekhaya athuthuzele," musa imkhathaza umfazi iimvakalelo, izinto ezixhalabisayo nemibuzo. Goncharov ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba uluntu yongxowankulu entsha, kanye njengoko kwamadoda bondage, unako ukutshabalalisa ubuntu lomfazi. Le nkqubo ngequbuliso kuphazanyiswa uPyotr, ngubani ofuna ukunika umsebenzi wakhe aze ashiye nomcebisi wenkundla nomfazi lwenkunzi. Nguye lo UYobi wencwadi wayevukela uluntu, umqhubi inzala yabo kulo kwinoveli.

Qaphela: musa akakuphosi kwindawo kwinoveli

• Kukho isiqephu apho ingabonwa sengqondo ngokukhethekileyo Pushkin Goncharova. wafika kanye eSt Petersburg Alexander Aduev uya yeBronzi sabakhweli (enye yeendawo ndiyithandayo Aleksandrom Sergeevichem).
• romantic kakhulu wadala Goncharov picture ehlotyeni Petersburg, Neva, inkcazo umbhali ngayo White ebusuku ... Ezi ziqwenga ophezulu-grade vutshila kwinoveli. Kufuneka nokuba ubuyekeze. Goncharov - Maestro!

isiphelo

Gumbini ixesha mkhuba wayo uboniswa inoveli Goncharov kaThixo. "Ibali Ordinary" uhlolisisa ukuchana zembali ibonisa ukuba i-imi- 40 kwinkulungwane XIX sele iqalile, kwaye kwi-60 lalonyukile bathontelana wabanumzana abathwaxwa yintlupheko abaqhelekileyo kwi Petersburg, wayezimisele ukwenza umsebenzi kunye nendawo yobungcali. Kubalulekile, uyabona, ukuba inkalo yokuziphatha. Ngenxa yoko Wamgxotha ke umntu oselula ukuze sikhonze Lezwe, okanye nje ukwenza umsebenzi zonke iindleko?

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwicandelo yengxaki, Roman Goncharova inexabiso engathethekiyo yokuluka. Oku kuphawula isiqalo kwendalo novelists Russian njengokuchazwe picture yokwenene ngeenxa zonke. Kwinqaku yakhe, "Kulungile emva kuka akakaze," Ivan Goncharov wacebisa abafundi (leyo, ngelishwa, akazange enze naliphi na IGAM okanye Belinsky), ukuba abathathu Iinoveli, owokuqala leyo "A Ibali Common", enyanisweni, ngaba trilogy eyodwa malunga ixesha eli lizwe ebuthongweni nokuvuka. Ngenxa yoko, nathi sithi ukuba umjikelo holistic zoncwadi kweenoveli ezintathu ngexesha lakhe wadala Goncharov ( "Oblomov", "Vula", "Ibali Ordinary").