Operation "Bagration". plan release Belarus (1944)

Ngehlobo lowe-1944 eSoviet Army kwamkele inkululeko ngokupheleleyo Belarus ukusuka amaJamani. Umxholo ezingundoqo "Bagration" isicwangciso operation yaququzelelwa ekhubekisayo kwi fronts eziliqela, nto leyo ukuphosa imikhosi Wehrmacht ngaphandle elizweni. Impumelelo wavumela ukuba USSR ukuqalisa kwinkululeko Poland kunye East Prussia.

ngosuku olwandulela

IsiCwangciso-qhinga "Bagration" lwalwenziwe ngokungqinelana nemeko ekhoyo ekuqaleni kuka-1944 e-Belarus. I-Red Army yinxalenye zokuthwala kwimimandla Vitebsk, Gomel, Mogilev kunye Polesie kweli lizwe. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi ummandla wayo kunjalo okuhlala ngamacandelo German. Ngelo ngaphambili, kwasekwa kwingqikelelo yokuba Wehrmacht wabizwa ngokuba "balcony Belarusian". Kwikomkhulu Wesithathu wenza konke okusemandleni elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukugcina le ndawo ebalulekileyo enobuqhinga.

Ukuze akhusele imida kwinethiwekhi malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-250 ubude zadalwa. Baba emingxunyeni, nocingo oluhlabayo kunye minefields. Kwezinye iindawo ngokukhawuleza wemba izisele anti-itanki. umyalelo German wakwazi linyuse anokuvela walo e Belarus, nangona yokunqaba kwabantu bokusebenza. Ngokutsho data intelligence yiSoviet kule ngingqi, isuke yaba yinto encinane ngaphezu kwesigidi amajoni Wehrmacht. Yintoni le ukuze simelane "Operation Bagration"? Esi sicwangciso isekelwe uhlaselo, amajoni ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi.

imvume yesicwangciso

Ukulungiselela umsebenzi soyisa amaJamani e Belarus waqala-odolo Stalin ngo-Apreli 1944. Ngelo xesha linye i-Staff Jikelele baqala ukugxila kwicandelo achaphazelekayo imikhosi ngaphambili izixhobo. Isicwangciso sokuqala "Bagration" yaphakanyiswa yi Jikelele Alekseem Antonovym. Ekupheleni May, abeyilungisele umsebenzi noyilo.

Ngelo xesha eMoscow zabangelwa kweenjengele ezingundoqo kwi-Western Front. Yaba uKonstantin Rokossovsky, Ivan Chernyakhovsky kunye Ivan Bagramyan. Bona ingxelo ngemeko kumacandelo abo ngaphambili. Le ngxoxo kwakhona yayihanjelwe Georgy zhukov kunye Alexander Vasilevsky (abameli eethenda Umyalelo). Plan kuhlaziywa iphuculwe. Emva koko, ngoMeyi 30 kwavunywa liSebe Commander Ephakamileyo.

"Bagration" (isicwangciso wabelithiyiwe imbeko General of the Patriotic War of 1812 iminyaka) esekelwe ukukhulelwa ilandelayo. zokuzikhusela utshaba kwafuneka ukuba ngaxeshanye kwaphulwa kumacandelo amathandathu ngaphambili. Emva koko kwacetywa encirclement imikhosi German kwi nelisemihlubulweni (kufutshane Bobruisk kunye Vitebsk), kwinqanaba lohlaselo kwicala lwe Brest, Minsk kunye Kaunas. Emva kokoyiswa ngokupheleleyo Army 1st Belorussian Front kwafuneka ukuba ahambe phezu Warsaw, 1 Baltic - ngu Königsberg kunye Belarus 3 - ukuya Allenstein.

isenzo kwaqala

Impumelelo yokusebenza yabonelelwa "Bagration"? Isicwangciso yayisekelwe nje kuphela ukusebenza kwee-odolo eethenda umkhosi, kodwa nentsebenziswano yayo esebenzayo kunye luqalile. Ukunika unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo wadala umsebenzi imikhosi ezizodwa. Juni 8 kuzinze asebenza komhlaba, bayalelwa ukuba balungiselele ngenxa yokubhuqwa iziporo, limile kwintsimi ezinabantu.

Ngobusuku ka Juni 20 yasha ngaphezulu kwama-40,000 tracks. Ukongeza, ukuba luqalile kwenkomfa koololiwe le Wehrmacht. Group "Center" bafika phantsi ukuhlaselwa ezinxityelelanisiweyo yi umkhosi yiSoviet, ababanga nako ukutsala ukuya koovimba umgca ngaphambili ngenxa ukushwabana lonxibelelwano zabo.

Vitebsk-Orsha ekhubekisayo

"Bagration" ukusebenza on June 22, lusanda esebenzayo. Yayithetha lo mhla nje kwenzeka. ekhubekisayo jikelele waqalwa ngokukhawuleza kwi isikhumbuzo wesithathu kuhlaselwa German kwi eSoviet Union. 1st Baltic Front 3rd Belarus zasetyenziselwa ukusebenza Vitebsk-Orshanskaya. Ekuhambeni, saba ukuzisa phantsi ukuziphendulela kwi qela iphiko ekunene "Centre". I-Red Army ekhulule a amaziko zommandla ezimbalwa kummandla Vitebsk, kuquka Orsha. AmaJamani zaye layohlala yonke.

Juni 27 Vitebsk yacocwa yotshaba. Ngomhla olwandulela iqela waseJamani, esebenze kummandla komzi, iye phantsi zokudubula enzima nomoya ubulala ezininzi. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-imikhosi yaseJamani uhlaselwa ngaphambili nangesemva. Kwemizamo eminye qwele weza nto.

Juni 28 wakhululwa Lepel. Ngenxa yoko, Vitebsk-Orsha ekhubekisayo ye-Red Army kwaba unako ukutshabalalisa phantse ngokupheleleyo 53 Army Corps utshaba. I Wehrmacht ebilahlekile 40,000 abulewe 17,000 kuthinjwa.

nokukhululwa Mogilev

Eyamkelwe Jikelele Ikomkhulu Military Plan "Bagration" yayikukuba Mogilev Njengencwadi kuba ngesibetho isigqibo ukuya Wehrmacht. Kule ndawo, imikhosi yaseJamani yaba ngaphantsi kancinane kwamanye amacandelo ngaphambili. Noko ke, lohlaselo yiSoviet apha ibaluleke kakhulu, ngokuba utshaba kunqunyulwa iindlela zokuphuma.

I Mogilev kolwalathiso imikhosi yaseJamani baba zokuzikhusela kakuhle nangokupheleleyo. Yonke idolophu encinane, ikufuphi kwindlela enkulu, eyaguqukayo yaba inqaba. iindlela Mpuma ukuba Mogilev zagutyungelwa yi khonkcweni eziliqela ukuzithethelela. Hitler intetho yakhe yoluntu, wathi isixeko kufuneka kubanjelwa zonke iindleko. Yishiye ngoku kuvunyelwa kuphela ngemvume lobuqu Fuehrer.

Juni 23 emva kusehla zokudubula amabutho Front 2 Byelorussian baqalisa nyanzela emlanjeni Prony. Ecaleni kweendonga zayo nqaku amaJamani wakha umgca ukuzithethelela. Ngaphesheya komlambo zabekwa intlaninge kwo. Utshaba phantse akukho ukuxhathisa, elele elukhukweni enedumbe yi zokudubula. Kungekudala ukuba indenza umhlaba eliphezulu Dnieper kummandla Mogilev. Isixeko sithinjiwe ngoJuni 28 emva kokuhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza. Bebonke ngexesha lokusebenza zathathwa ibanjwa ngaphezu kwama-30 amawaka amajoni German. imikhosi Wehrmacht ekuqaleni lihambe ehlelekile, kodwa emva kokuthatha Mogilev le kokurhoxa yaba isiphithiphithi.

Bobruisk operation

operation Bobruiskaya kwaqhutywa kwicala esemazantsi. Wayefanele ukuba akhokele ukuya encirclement lamacandelo German, apho izinga wayelungiselela a kwibhoyila ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Plan of operation "Bagration" kukuba lo msebenzi ukwenza Front 1st Belorussian, umthetho yi Rokossovsky.

Kufuphi Bobruisk ekhubekisayo yaqala ngoJuni 24, oko kukuthi kancinane emva ngaphezu kwamanye amacandelo ngaphambili. Kulo mmandla, kwakukho imigxobhozo ezininzi. AmaJamani musa ukulindela ukuba i-Red Army iya kubeyisa le kumgxobhozo. Noko ke, kushenxa nzima ukuba kunjalo kubanjwa. Ngenxa yoko, umkhosi 65-th wadlulisa ekhawulezileyo mihle le ooyeha leyo walindela utshaba. June 27, amajoni eSoviet wathabatha ulawulo weendlela Bobruisk. Bahlasela isixeko. Bobruisk lalungiswa le Wehrmacht ngokuhlwa-29. Ngexesha ukusebenza wabatshabalalisa 35th Army futhi 41 lwezindlu Panzer. Emva kokuba impumelelo nomkhosi kwi nelisemihlubulweni kuba wavula indlela eya Minsk.

Polotsk igalelo

Emva kokuba impumelelo Vitebsk 1st Baltic Front phantsi umyalelo Ivan Bagramyan eya kwisigaba esilandelayo lohlaselo kwi kwizikhundla German. Ngoku, iSoviet Army kwaba ukuba akhulule Polotsk. Ngoko sagqiba kwikomkhulu, nokuququzelela ukusebenza "Bagration". ukuba zifake isicwangciso kwafuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kuba kule ndawo kwakukho iqela enamandla wemikhosi "North".

Blow ku Polotsk wenziwa nge-29 Juni ngu imikhosi ezimbalwa Soviet zeqhinga. Red Army wanceda luqalile, ngubani ngequbuliso bahlasela Ezomva kuhlwayelwe encinane imikhosi yaseJamani. Amagalelo kwi omabini ukwenza ukudideka kunye chaos omkhulu phakathi yotshaba. Lenqaba Polotsk wagqiba ekubeni abhenele phambi embizeni elivaliweyo.

Julayi umkhosi 4 eSoviet wabakhulula Polotsk, leyo ngobuchule zibalulekile kuba okuhlangana kaloliwe. Le kokoyiswa kukhokelele ihlanjululwe Wehrmacht. Elahlekelwa isikhundla sakhe injengele yomkhosi Group "North" George Lindemann. Iinkokeli German, Noko ke, ayikho enye into ukwenza apho abakwazanga. Ngaphambili, ngoJuni 28 Kwenzeka into efanayo Field Marshal Ernst Bush wayalela Army Group "Centre".

inkululeko Minsk

Iimpumelelo eSoviet Army Ikomkhulu ngokukhawuleza Akuvumelekile kuthi ukuba sibulale "Bagration" imisebenzi emitsha ukusebenza. Free Isicwangciso Belarus yaba kukudala kwibhoyila kufuphi Minsk. Kuye kwasekwa emva amaJamani ezilahlekileyo ulawulo Bobruisk kunye Vitebsk. 4 umkhosi waseJamani elingasempuma Minsk kunye wanqanyulwa lonke ihlabathi kwindawo yokuqala, imikhosi yaseSoviet zaye ngokucofa evela entla nomzantsi, yaye okwesibini, izithintelo zasendalweni ngohlobo kwemilambo. West of the umlambo. Berezina.

Xa Jikelele Kurt von Tippelskirch iyalele emuva obulugelelanisiweyo, umkhosi wakhe kwafuneka ukuba ngaphesheya komlambo kwinto enye indlela ibhulorho kunye nokungcola. AmaJamani kunye namahlakani abo bawabulala luqalile. Ukongeza, indawo yokuwela bavele ekuhlaseleni. I-Red Army wawela Berezina River ngomhla wama-30 Juni. Minsk zakhutshwa ngoJulayi ka-3, 1944. Xa ikomkhulu Belarus nakala engqongwe 105 lamawaka amajoni Wehrmacht. Ibulala ngaphezulu kwama-70, yaye omnye-35 athathwa banjwa.

Matshi ukuya kwi aseBalti

Ngelo xesha, imikhosi ka-1 Baltic Front wahamba lohlaselo kumntla-ntshona. Amajoni phantsi umyalelo we Baghramyan kwafuneka ukuba atyhudise, abheke kuLwandle eBaltic, wamnqamla Army Group "North" kwabanye iiyunithi zemikhosi German exhobileyo. Plan "Bagration", ngamafutshane, kulindeleke ukuba impumelelo yokusebenza aye anda kakhulu kule icandelo ngaphambili. Ngoko 1st Baltic phambi transferred Army 39 kunye 51th.

Xa reserves ekugqibeleni bafika ngokupheleleyo indawo phambili, amaJamani bakwazi ukutsala ku Daugavpils ibutho. ukuba umkhosi eSoviet akazange inzuzo lwamanani iqapheleka enjalo, kokubini kwinqanaba le lokuqala ukusebenza "Bagration" ngoku. Isicwangciso ukuba blitzkrieg ngelo xesha owayesele phantse ngokupheleleyo. Amajoni wahlala umbuku yokugqibela ekugqibeleni akhulule mmandla yiSoviet kubahlaseli. Daugavpils and Siauliai bekhululwe nangona slippage bengingqi kuhlaselwa, nge-27 Julayi. 30 inani wamajoni wayinqamla kaloliwe wokugqibela ezakhokelela ukusuka kwiBaltic eMpuma Prussia. Ngosuku olulandelayo, utshaba ke ungayithandi Jelgava, evumela ekugqibeleni nomkhosi waya kunxweme.

Vilnius operation

Xa Chernyakhovsky wabakhulula Minsk wawabulala Wehrmacht umkhosi 4, Ikomkhulu Jikelele wathumela kuye umyalelo omtsha. Ngoku ke imikhosi ye-3 Belorussian Front beningabakhululekileyo Vilnius niwele umlambo Neman. Ukuba lizaliseke umyalelo yaqala ngoJulayi 5, okt imini emva umlo e Minsk.

E Vilnius kwaqinisa ekampini, eliquka amajoni 15,000. Hitler, ukuze ugcine ikomkhulu Lithuania waqalisa babhenele uhamba ze njengesiqhelo, ebiza isixeko "inqaba yokugqibela". Ngelo xesha, Army 5 sele emini lokuqala kwinqanaba lohlaselo kwaqhambuka ukuba km 20. Le wokhuselo German yaba mula evakalala ngenxa yokuba zonke ezisebenzayo kwicandelo aseBalti kakubi zaye zabaqwenga kule mpi ezidlulileyo. Kodwa, ngoJulayi 5, amaNazi kunjalo bazama ukuba balwe. Lo mzamo weza nto. Nomkhosi wayesele endleleni eya esixekweni.

9 inombolo yena wathimba amanqaku ngobuchule ebalulekileyo - sikhululo kunye moya. Elihamba kunye netanki amaqela yasungula ukubetha isigqibo. Ikomkhulu Lithuania wakhululwa ngoJulayi 13. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba amajoni Front 3 Belorussian yanceda amajoni Polish Ikhaya Army. Nje phambi kokuwa komzi, waluphakamisa imvukelo.

End of operation

Kwinqanaba lokugqibela ukusebenza eSoviet Army bagqiba kwinkululeko kummandla Western Belarus, imi kufutshane nomda Poland. Julayi 27 kokuba aqale Bialystok. Ngoko ke, amajoni ekugqibeleni zifika imida karhulumente pre-imfazwe. Agasti 14 Osovets Army ekhululekileyo wahlala bridgehead phezu komlambo Narew.

26 Julayi amabutho eSoviet ezibe ngaphandle Brest. kwiintsuku ezimbini emva koko, esi sixeko akamshiyelanga abahlala German. Ngo-Agasti an ekhubekisayo kwimpuma Poland. BaseJamani wayibhukuqayo naye kufuphi Warsaw. August 29 yapapashwa lo myalelo le Umyalelo Ephakamileyo, njengoko apho oluBomvu Army kwafuneka ukuba aye kwi ukuzithethelela. Lohlaselo umisiwe. ended Lo msebenzi.

Xa esi sicwangciso sele yabulawa "Bagration", Second World War wafudukela sikwinqanaba lokugqibela. ESoviet Army wabakhulula ngokupheleleyo Belarus yaye ngoku kukwazi ukuqalisa ekhubekisayo omtsha umbutho ePoland. Germany wayesondele woyiswa wokugqibela. Ngoko Belarus yaphela iMfazwe Enkulu. Plan "Bagration" lwaqhutywa kwi xesha lifutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Belarus kuxhaphaka beza kuye, abuyele kubomi yomphakathi. Ilizwe wabandezeleka ukusuka umsebenzi eJamani, mhlawumbi ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye republic womanyano.