Baklanov Yakov Petrovich Cossack Ataman: biography

Nakule-nxaxheba Russian le iCrimea War, kwakunye phulo ngokwayo, babe yindawo ekhethekileyo. Eli phepha libhalwe ngegazi amashumi amawaka amajoni kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wonke eRashiya. Enye Amaqhawe imfazwe nxamnye baseTurkey eCrimea yaba General Baklanov. Cossack ilifa, gorhandini olunokwazisa, umoya ovuthuzayo iintshaba kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ngonozakuzaku olumkileyo, washiya uphawu obalulekileyo kwimbali ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, ubomi bakhe elikhuselayo izilangazelelo zawo kuphela eCrimea, kodwa kwezinye iingingqi. Biography Baklanov kufuneka ifundwe ngenyameko. Ingakumbi abantu abacinga ukuba amadoda Russian.

Aleksandr gradskiy Bopha Don Suvorov, Chechnya Ukuna - isiteketiso efunyenwe hero of War abaseAfrika Baklanov. "Ukuba uyoyika of Allah kwakunye Baklanov, bekuya kwakudala nibe ngabantu abangcwele," - wathi amadoda akhe Highland mkhosi omkhulu, Imam Shamil.

Esakhula hero

Kuban banika ihlabathi amaqhawe ezininzi. On amazwe otyebileyo kwidolophana Gugninskoy, kwaye wazalwa ngomhla weshumi elinesihlanu Matshi 1809 Baklanov Yakov Petrovich. Uyise Peter D. lesigodlo le Don Cossacks, kunye nomama wakhe Ustinja (Nee Malakhov) - Cossack zoqobo. Baklanov uSister wayehluke nokuma enamandla kunye nesimo sengqondo onesibindi. Ebudeni inkonzo yakhe yasemkhosini, kaloku igama njengegorha ukuloyisa ngubani wayehlonelwa amaqabane kunye wotshaba panic-uyaxhwaleka.

In phakathi amaphulo zomkhosi kaPetros D. lokubandakanyeka kwimfundo unyana wakhe, uzama wantshulisa ngale Cossack. Iminyaka emithathu inkwenkwe Wakhwela njengehashe kweyadi yakhe, yaye ezintlanu - prancing isihla ngesitrato. Xa uYakobi wayeneminyaka esibhozo, uyise waya naye yindlalifa Bessarabia, apho ibutho wakhe kwisihloko. Ngaloo ndlela baqala ubomi enkampini hero elizayo yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Kwaye nangona lo mfana bafunde ukufunda nokubhala kuphela umkhosi ngokungaphelelanga Cossack akazange utitshala embi. amehlo Baklanov Jr. indoda yakhe, ngokukhawuleza kakuhle ikarati yaye kungekudala elalini yakhe kwakungekho njengegorha kunaye.

Xa eneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu waqala ukukhonza ipolisa, i elinesixhenxe ezitshatileyo (kwintombi ndawo yakubo lombingeleli). Ngelo elinethoba, wamkela isikhundla lesigodlo kwi webutho, umthetho nguyise wakhe, yena waya emfazweni yakhe yokuqala.

Yakov Baklanov owayebandakanyeka lenguqu ngokusebenzisa kwiiBalkans yaye ukuwela umlambo Kamchik, kunye namaqabane akhe wathabatha Burgas kunye nezinye izinto ngobuchule ezibalulekileyo kwiphulo Russian-Turkish. Zisuka nje waba ngobugorha ngenkalipho nibe ngamakroti. ungalawulekiyo lakhe ebanjwa nokuba nguyise wakhe, ngokuphindaphindiweyo bludgeoned indlalifa anenzondelelo kakhulu ukuba Congress umva Wacela ukuba unyana wakhe waziphatha ngakumbi ngokunengqiqo, ngoxa ukulwa.

Kodwa mandla zomkhosi yaqikelela ubuqhawe yegosa oselula yokuphakama, ekupheleni kwempi wawongwa Order of St. uAnne degree yesithathu neyesine.

Qala inkonzo eCaucasus

A isuntswana baphumle amadabi, i Baklanov oselula babuyela kwinkonzo, luzele umnqweno ukuqhubeka balizukisa ubuqhawe Don Cossacks. Kangangexesha, Yakov Petrovich elimgcinayo umda Russian kwi mfula, yaye ngowe-1834 yabuyiselwa Kuban e adipose webutho, eziquka waqonda uhambo lwakhe lokuqala lolu hlobo.

Cossacks ngamaqhawe iyangena iilali Trans-Kuban ibekwe phezu kweendonga zemilambo Psefir River, White, Laba ne Camlik. Ngexesha lolu zobuntlola Baklanov walimala intloko, kwaye ngexesha elinye yakhiwe kuphuma ingxaki ithemba, batshabalalisa utshaba eneneni kwezandla zazo. Kwaye oku nangona le nkomo izihlandlo ezine lee inani kwecala Cossacks.

ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ukususela Fighters abaselula nobushushu Baklanov Yakov Petrovich ijikwe ibe onamava, ubuqili, ababuqiqileyo igosa yokulwa. udumo lwakhe lwaya lukhula, nangenxa zobuqhawe bakhe ngeli xesha, wamkela Order of St. Vladimir besigaba sesine.

Indawo Polish

Ngowe-1837, Baklanov wenza abathetheli, yaye kwiminyaka emine kamva Don Cossack webutho, inombolo 36, eziquka ngelo xesha wahlala Yakov Petrovich, wathunyelwa Poland - lelokugada nomda Prussia.

Le minyaka ndayichitha West, akazange kwahluka impumelelo enkulu emkhosini, kodwa wadlala indima ebaluleke gqitha kubomi Baklanov. Ngoxa ePoland, le jikelele elizayo inxaxheba kwimfundo yabo, apho ngaphambili kwakhe, ixesha okanye amandla. Wayifunda yoncwadi lwamandulo, familiarized ngokwakhe kunye izikhumbuzo inkcubeko yaseYurophu, wafunda ngembali iimfazwe njalo njalo. D.

ixesha Polish kungenziwa ngokuba uhlobo emuva yenkcubeko, ikhefu elifutshane phambi iimfazwe ezinkulu.

zinkomo kuduma

Emva kokubuya uhambo Western, Baklanov Yakov Petrovich wonyuselwa ukuba phoyisa waye xa nokutshitshiswa kwee-Don Cossack webutho, amanani amabini, owayephethe ekuqiniseni Kura.

Ukususela ngoko waqalisa xesha zaqaqamba kakhulu kubomi Cossack zamafa. umsebenzi wakhe ngokukhawuleza wathabatha, yaye igama laduma kulo lonke eCaucasus kunye kude ngaphaya kwemida yawo.

Baklanov kwi eyabelwe webutho, ekuqaleni waba ukudideka kunye kwakungekho. Uqeqesho kwakungekho Cossacks babenxiba iimpahla ezikrazukileyo, babephala phambili ukusela, ukudlala amakhasi, yaye akazange kwahluka nenzondelelo enkonzweni.

ngokukhawuleza kakhulu induna omtsha batshintsha imeko ngokupheleleyo. Yena zavalwa utywala baze baphendule ngexesha lokusekwa amajoni, amalungiselelo kwiiklasi ezikhethekileyo qhinga emkhosini amaqhinga.

Cossack Ataman wazibonakalisa inkokheli olumkileyo, yaye phantsi kolawulo lwakhe inani webutho, 20, wenza amaphulo amaninzi zobuqhawe. Phantse wonke umvuzo wakhe Baklanov echithwa kokunika iintlola ekampini yotshaba, ngubani kwamsinyane kuye izicwangciso yotshaba, yaye ngenxa yoko Cossacks zazisoloko "ihashe."

Ngaloo mihla, Don Army waxineka kokuyaphula kunye mountaineers, wenza okuthile rhoqo emzaneni Russian. Nokufika Yakov utshaba ahlasele indawo wafudukela ukuziphendulela; ngokuba ngoku Cossacks bazitshisa iilali Chechens wayiba abantu kunye nemfuyo ahluthwa impahla kunye neemveliso ezixabisekileyo.

Igama Baklanov zinkomo libizwa ukusebeza, embiza ngokuba ngumtyholi Russian. Ayekholelwa ngokwenene ukuba lo mntu exhasa into eyinqambi, yaye kwaba wamoyika ngaye. A-ezinyaweni ezintandathu, Cossack olubanzi-ndandimncedisa kunye ubuso pock-zimakishwe, Mthovu ofuku namashiya zamafu uyakholiswa ukuxhasa umfanekiso okhoyo. Xa kubanjiswa singalindelanga, wavele phezu edabini isemzimbeni ingubo isikhumba ebalelelwe lilanga ngekrele kwigxalaba lakhe. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwathi gqi phambi kotshaba, xa wayecinga ukuba Baklanov esifa emva kokuba walimala.

Ezi kunye efanayo amatyala bayiqinisa isidima iqhawe gidi. Kwaye nkqu knotweed ephambili - Shamil engayiwayo - kunye intlonipho Cossack Ataman. Noko ke, angaphantsi kwakhe gadalala ngenxa yokuba besoyika naye.

Ebudeni inkonzo eCaucasus ukususela 1846 ukuya 1863 Baklanov Yakov Petrovich Wavuka akangenanga uLieutenant General yaye ufumene iimbasa ezininzi, kuquka Order of George iqondo yesine Order of Vladimir udidi lwesithathu, kunye nabanye.

Xa aye ohlulwa webutho, yama-20, Prince Vorontsov iphunyelelwe ukuba Yakov Petrovich wahlala phakathi kwezintlu; waye ziyisebenzise kwenye webutho - inani 17. abaninzi bakholwa koko Baklanov igosa ufunwayo. Ngapha koko, wakwazi ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo ukulingana kwamandla phakathi Russian kunye mountaineers ngokuthanda belizwe lakhe.

iminyaka engamashumi yenkonzo ebalaseleyo netshatsheleyo

Yeshumi Epreli 1853 ukuze anobukroti eboniswe ngexesha uhlaselo kwizikhundla utshaba kufutshane kwilali Gurdal, Baklanov wawongwa Order of St. Stanislaus degree 1-tsh. Elinanye Matshi nyaka wamiselwa kwekomkhulu abaseAfrika Corps nesithuba umthetheli-mabutho ye iphiko ekhohlo. Ikomkhulu yayimi apho ke kuloo nqaba of Grozny (ngoku isixeko Grozny).

Elinesine Juni 1854 ukuba nesibindi, isibindi emagqabini, kuboniswe ngexesha ngokoyiswa imikhosi entabeni phakathi inqaba Grozny kunye Urus-Martan, Baklanov wavakalisa umbulelo asebukhosini. Amashumi-yesibini ka-Agasti ka nyaka mnye zawongwa inkonzo enjalo ngomumo yekhethelo iminyaka engamashumi amabini.

khubalo sibi okanye Baklanovsky icon

Udaba ke ubuqhawe umphathi edume wayitwabulula ngaphaya eCaucasus. Baklanov wayethandwa kwaye ehlonelwa kubo bonke uBukhosi Russian. igama lakhe unxulunyaniswa ezininzi Don Cossacks baloo maxesha.

Yaye xa Ataman wahlangulwa ipasile evela admirer engaziwayo. On ukuyivula, Yakov Petrovich wafumana ngaphakathi Ibhokisi emnyama i icon isilika emfakamfele kwi entloko Adam abangaziqhelanga (lukakayi, crossbones) kunye nombhalo "ndikhangela uvuko lwabafileyo kunye ubomi behlabathi. Amen. "

Baklanov wawa nje uthando nale sipho yaye akazange ayiyeke de ekufeni kwakhe. icon Spooky yaba iyona yayo. Wabangela eye yakhamnqisa nkqu phakathi Cossacks, kunye mountaineers kuphela ibhena omnyama wendiza ngaphezu lomzobo nyama- umkhweli ukothuka nje. Baqiniseka ukuba oku kufa ngokwayo Lisuka nje kubo, ngoko saa kuwo onke amacala. Ke ngoko bathi nabantwana babo malunga isigebenga eyoyikekayo, wathumela emhlabeni Shaitan.

Umfanekiso umphathi Russian mkhosi nangoku ugcinwe kwi iintsomi namabali le Chechens. Kwakhona wangena iingoma Kazakov kak.

Ukushaya Dzhanemom

Phakathi iintshaba ngamanye amaxesha kwakukho abantu abathi baya kutshabalalisa uMtyholi Russian. Baya isifuba ukuba intloko Cossack yomkhosi hero eziwa ezandleni zabo ezinamandla. Omnye wabo waba nesibindi yasezintabeni shooter ogama Gianna. Yena esongela ukubulala Baklanov, xa uya kukhokela clearings ukugawula.

Le Scouts chazela Yakov Petrovich kule isindululo, yaye yathatha isigqibo engalindelekanga - ukuvela kwiindawo apho iya kulindela ukuba utshaba ukuzama luck yabo.

Wadubula yokuqala Dzhanema bawela. Bullet yesibini wahlatywa kumngcipheko lwegusha Cossack. Ngoko ke shooter andilahlekwanga luvo lwakhe, wacinezela kuzo lisithe lakhe. Baklanov wasabela ngoko nangoko wabulala utshaba kwi obethe ibala womanyano. Bullet hit tye ebunzi. Emva kwesi siganeko, nkqu ababengakholwa ezinkulu akholelwa magic ndinakho jikelele. Basezintabeni babeqinisekile ukuba uSathana ezikhuselweyo oku idemon Russian enyameni.

Impi iCrimea

Njengoko waziwa, ngo-1853 nge bang kwaqhambuka impixano Russian-Turkish. Yaye ekubeni 1855, abathathi-nxaxheba ye iCrimea War akwazi ukucinga ecaleni kwakhe empini edume Jikelele Baklanov, ngubani waphoswa okwethutyana kwi ndawo ishushu yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Apho wamiselwa ingqwayi-mabutho rhoqo elimgcinayo sithinjiwe ukusuka inqaba Turkish yaye wanceda ukuthatha abantu abatsha.

ICrimea Cossack Ataman butho Baklanov wayedume impumelelo yakhe edabini, yaye wayesaziwa kakuhle elutshabeni, ngubani ngokumoyika wabiza "bataman-Klich" (igorha ngekrele ngeekhilogram ezingamashumi amabini).

Ebudeni bemfazwe Russian-Turkish Yakov Petrovich walimala entloko, kodwa wahlala phakathi. Kuba Merit Military wawongwa Order of St. Anne le isidanga sokuqala.

Ekupheleni kuka-1855 Baklanov ushiye eCrimea kunye lifakwe ebomini zokunxiba, wazinza Novocherkassk. Kodwa ke abanye zange ihlale ixesha elide. Sele 1857, kwakhona wathumela eCaucasus.

Service e Vilnius

Enye ixesha ebalulekileyo kubomi Yakov Petrovich Baklanov waba ofisi yakhe Vilnius, apho waye abaphethe regiments Don Cossack ukususela 1863 ukuya 1867.

amajoni akhaliphileyo esemazantsi kwathunyelwa apha yokuphelisa le mvukelo, esenzeka ePoland, kunye nolawulo wafumanisa ukuba ngokubanzi abanamava angasindisa kule meko, iinzuzo ezininzi. Noko ke, Baklanov akazange inxaxheba kwimisebenzi wamajoni, waza wancedisa Bala Muraviev xa abathintela kwimvukelo nangezinye iindlela.

Le yokugqibela wayedume kakubi kakhulu phakathi kwabantu basekuhlaleni, yaye xa wabonwa kwimitha-ezimbini nabancedisi Cossack, abantu angenwa kukoyika ngokwenene. Baklanov ibangelwa inkohlakalo isilwanyana ngumsindo elibukhali. Kodwa kungekudala uluvo ngaye litshintshile kakhulu.

Iimbovane ephathiswe umncedisi yakhe ukuba ikulungele ukunyamekela kwiphondo enazo ezi emigulukudu ehlathini Augustow of zabe. Kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokufika Baklanov, eli phondo iye yaba ipateni uxolo kunye nokuthobela. Ukuphumeza zawo waba nako Yakov Petrovich, edibanisa ngempumelelo utshutshiso yomkhosi amanyathelo olawulo. abahlali bendawo baqala umphatha ngentlonelo olukhulu.

Jikelele Baklanov ngokobuqu lahlala intsimi uyiphathisiweyo kuye waza wachitha amakhulu udliwano-ndlebe nabantu basekuhlaleni, ukuzama ukufunda isimo zabantu. Wazama ukuhlangabezana wonke, oyakuthanda ngokonwaba nangokuzola. Amaxesha amaninzi, wada wavuma ukuba bangamthobeli Muraveva wazithabatha impahla ezivela bavukeli, nangona i "umqashi" zanyanzelisa kokuthathwa enyanzelekileyo. Cormorants, Noko ke, wacinga ukuba ndlela kuphela onale yengingqi, kwaye ungquzulwano kuvuke phezulu ngakumbi. Wayefuna ukuphelisa amarhe ferocity Russian, waza waphumelela.

Emva kokuva ukuba Yakov Petrovich inceda iindlalifa ezincinane sigcina ifama elubhacweni abazali eSiberia Iimbovane waba nomsindo, kodwa ekugqibeleni wamkela sikhundla Baklanov.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Nkqu ngexesha uhambo lwakhe Lithuanian Yakov Petrovich Baklanov ogula - badlula esibindini. Ngowe-1864, waya ekhaya ukuphucula impilo yabo, waza wabuyela Vilna. Ehlotyeni le mnyaka Novocherkassk Ataman wayitshisa yonke impahla nemali, leyo, Kakade ke, hayi indlela engcono kakhulu kwimpilo-ntle Cossack abakhulileyo.

Ngowe-1867, iqhawe abaseAfrika kweMfazwe, kunye namanye amaphulo eliphezulu-iprofayile Wabuyela Don, waza ke waya eSt Petersburg, apho wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela.

Baklanov wakhokela ezolileyo, ubomi zokuqhubela emva yokulahlekelwa imali nje ukuziphilisa. Malunga amadabi engasekho waphupha, nje Ndikhumbula elidlulileyo, ukusebenza memoirs bakhe "ubomi bam emkhosini."

Isifo ke ebaleka, elinesibhozo Oktobha 1873 Yakov uyile. Yena wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni ka Novodevichy Convent. Don Army ngemali le nkonzo.

Ukukhunjulwa hero

kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokufa awuqinisekanga, dibana ingcwaba lakhe kwiminikelo okwamiswa lesikhumbuzo, nto leyo iliwa waphoswa ingubo yakhe yokwaleka kunye nomnqwazi yoboya. Yaye phantsi iminqwazi ungabona edume Baklanovsky icon.

Ngowe-1911, "ikhaya umva," jikelele. isidumbu sakhe abangeniswe kwilizwe lakhe aze angcwatywa Novocherkassk. Sondela Baklanov, xa crypt le Cathedral le Ascension, abanye kunye namanye amaqhawe Russian - Platov, Orlov-Denisov, Efremov ...

Ukukhunjulwa egorheni ukungoyiki, injengele osisilumko abo amadoda amakhulu yelizwe labo umntu uhlobo-abantliziyo kunye wayelukhuni umphandle uyaphila namhlanje. Izizukulwana ngezizukulwana iingoma Cossacks, apho kukho umfanekiso isikhulu bame edume "Baklanovsky ngesibetho" yakhe, apho ikrele Wayixakaxa isiqingatha umkhweli kunye nehashe. Igama jikelele Russian eyafakwa kwilivo yezizwe zaseCaucasus.

Behlonipha Baklanov ngo-1909 ukuba igama 17 Don Cossack webutho. Kwakhona, igama lakhe ngoku ilali apho Yakov Petrovich wazalwa. Yaye abahlali Novocherkassk yafunyanwa kukhunjulwa hero Baklanovsky Avenue (eyayisaziwa ngaphambili ngokuba Emnye) ezikhumbuzo eziliqela. Kananjalo lesikhumbuzo ku Ataman omiyo namhlanje Volgodonsk.

Immortalized etyeni, Yakov Baklanov ukhangela ngokufanayo ebomini - ngqwabalala, abe lukhuni, ngqwabalala. Ngokubabona nje jikelele ngexesha lakhe yabangela badyuduzele iintshaba. Kodwa abahlobo kunye nosapho siyazi ukuba, iqokobhe womelele kungenakugqithwa efihliweyo nentliziyo ethobelayo umphefumlo sesichengeni.

Hero Don Baklanov - umfuziselo ijoni wenyaniso, lowo uhamba phezu edabini, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba kunqwenelwa igazi kunye iadrenaline, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uyamthanda kwilizwe lakhe yaye ukulungele ukuba anilwele kuyo de umoya lokugqibela. Ubuntu nesibindi Cossack kufanele kukhunjulwe kubazukulwana kwaye ufanelwe ukuba ube ngumzekelo kubantu abatsha.