Laser amayeza. Ukusetyenziswa laser amayeza kunye nenzululwazi

Kule minyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlulileyo laser ziye zasetyenziswa zamehlo, Oncology, uqhaqho zeplastiki kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi amayeza kunye nophando biomedical.

Ngomhla kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya ukunyanga isifo sele lwaziwa kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. AmaGrike amandulo neJiphutha kusetyenziswa unyango imisebe yelanga, kwaye ezi iingcamango ezimbini zazide ezinxulumene omnye komnye kwiintsomi - uthixo Greek Apollo wayenguthixo kwelanga kunye impiliso.

Kwaba kuphela emva kokuba umthombo radiation obanzi fyabo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 eyadlulayo ngenene ezichongiweyo ukusetyenziswa enokubakho ukukhanya amayeza.

Ngenxa kwiipropati awodwa, i-laser kakhulu kakuhle ngaphezu kwemitha yelanga okanye neminye imithombo. generator nganye quantum isebenza ngendlela emxinwa kakhulu uluhlu kwamaza kwaye likhupha ukukhanya esisiso. Kwakhona, laser amayeza zikuvumela ukuba ukudala amandla ngaphezulu. umqadi amandla swi ukuya kwindawo encinane kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela mninzi yalo phezulu. Le propati ziye zakhokelela ekubeni namhlanje laser zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi kuxilongo zonyango, unyango kunye notyando.

unyango Skin neliso

Ukusetyenziswa laser amayeza yaqala zamehlo kunye dermatology. Maser yavulwa ngo-1960. Kunye nonyaka emva koko Leon Goldman wabonisa njani isardiyo laser ebomvu amayeza zingasetyenziswa ukususa dysplasia capillary, iindidi nevi kunye wolusu.

Esi sicelo isekelwe kwimithombo ukukhanya inonamathelwano ukukwazi ukusebenza kwindawo kwamaza ethile. Imithombo radiation inonamathelwano ngoku ngokubanzi ukususa nangezilonda, iithathu, iinwele kunye abamenzelayo.

Xa dermatology, laser kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye kwamaza, leyo unokubangwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo amanxeba enyangekayo kunye nezinto eziphambili ukufunxa ngaphakathi kubo. Ombala ixhomekeke eluswini yesigulane.

Namhlanje akunakwenzeka ukuba senze dermatology kunye zamehlo ngaphandle laser, ekubeni naba izixhobo osisiseko nomonde. Ukusetyenziswa laser ukuze zilungiswe umbono kunye iintlobo ngeentlobo izicelo lwamehlo landa emva Charlz Kempbell ngo-1961 waba ugqirha wokuqala ukusebenzisa laser ebomvu amayeza ukuba aphilise isigulane kunye kwecala semehlo.

Kamva, le njongo, ophthalmologists baqala ukusebenzisa imithombo argon of radiation inonamathelwano kwinxalenye uhlaza zazo. Apha, iimpawu iliso, ingakumbi lens kukugxininisa umqadi entsimini looding semehlo ukudala. Kakhulu izixhobo amandla ngokoqobo welds.

Izigulane nabanye iintlobo yamehlo macular akwazi ukunceda laser utyando - laser photocoagulation kunye nonyango photodynamic. Xa inkqubo yokuqala, kwavela radiation inonamathelwano lisetyenziswa ngokulitywina imithambo yegazi kunye linyuke labo zophendlo lwezifo sokukhula phantsi macula.

izifundo ezifanayo lwaqhutywa ngo-1940 kunye kwelanga, kodwa ukuba ziyizalise ngempumelelo oogqirha kwakufuneka iimpawu ezizodwa ezenza quantum. Emva isicelo se-laser argon sele yophela ngaphakathi stop. ukufakwa okukhetha kokukhanya okuluhlaza ngu ngehemoglobin - kombala iiseli ezibomvu egazini - iye yasetyenziswa ekuvaleni isitya igazi ukopha. Kuba unyango lomhlaza kutshabalalisa imithambo yegazi ngaphakathi thumba kunye iwafumana ukunika.

Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa kwelanga. Yeza ngendeb, njengoko kufuneka, kodwa imithombo radiation inonamathelwano amkelwa kwiindawo zalo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Laser amayeza ziye kufakwe izixhobo ezininzi zecawa.

Zamehlo kunye Dermatology yangenelwa evela kwimithombo excimer yemi- inonamathelwano kuluhlu yelanga. Baye ngokubanzi esetyenziswayo ukutshintsha imilo inwebu (LASIK) ukwenzela ulungiso umbono. Laser imithi aesthetic kusetyenziswa ukususa amabala kunye imibimbi.

utyando elichumayo izithambiso

Ezi phuhliso lobuchwepheshe baya abatyali zorhwebo nakanjani othandwayo, njengoko kufuneka ibe enkulu inzuzo. Umhlaziyi beqinile Medtech Insight ngo-2011 yaqikelela ukuba imarike kwezixhobo laser izithambiso ezixabisa ngaphezu kwe $ 1 billion. Eneneni, nangona ukwehla kwi imfuno sisonke kwinkqubo yezempilo ngexesha yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho, utyando, ngokusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni laser, qhubeka ukunandipha imfuno isitali, eUnited States - imarike iinkqubo laser lubalaseleyo.

Yomfanekiso kunye uxilongo

Laser amayeza zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufumanekeni umhlaza kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi okuqala. Umzekelo, e Tel Aviv, iqela izazinzulu spectroscopy abanomdla infrared usebenzisa imithombo infrared of radiation lwesihloko. Isizathu soku kukuba umhlaza kunye ephilile babe permeability ezahlukeneyo kumqolo infrared. Enye izicelo nathembisayo le ndlela ukuchongwa wolusu. umhlaza Skin, isigulo kwangethuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukusinda kwizigulane. Okwangoku, ekufumanekeni imelanoma phezu emehlweni, unjalo ukuthembela ubuchule kagqirha.

KwaSirayeli, kanye ngonyaka, umntu ngamnye angaya yokuhluza ngaphandle wolusu. kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo kwelinye lamaziko yonyango kuqhutywa isifundo, nto leyo ikhokelele ithuba lokubona ngokucacileyo umahluko kuluhlu infrared yomahluko phakathi isakhono, kodwa hayi ngeempawu eziyingozi, kunye langoku wolusu.

Katzir, ngumququzeleli iNkomfa yokuqala SPIE Biomedical Optics ngo-1984, kunye neqela lakhe e Tel Aviv nazo ziye imicu optic ukuba okubonakalayo kwamaza infrared, ngokuvumela ukwandisa le ndlela ukuya uxilongo zangaphakathi. Ukongeza, loo nto iyenye indlela ekhawulezileyo yalula ukuba smears wesibeleko G.

Blue semiconductor laser amayeza iye isetyenziswe fluorescence kwesifo.

Systems ezisekelwe umbane quantum nazo ekuqaleni ukubuyisela X-reyi yesifuba, eyasetyenziswa ngokwesithethe apha mammography. -X-reyi oogqirha wabeka byi nzima; ngokuba ubhaqo oluthembekileyo womhlaza kufuneka babe kwelona nqanaba eliphezulu, kodwa ukukhula radiation ngokwalo kwandisa ingozi yomhlaza. Kungenjalo, sasifunda ubukho bokusetyenziswa pulses laser ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukuba umfanekiso amabele, kunye namanye amalungu omzimba ezifana ebuchotsheni.

UOCT emehlweni hayi kuphela

Laser eziphilayo namayeza ziye zasetyenziswa enombala kunamathelwano Itomography (uOCT), nto leyo ebangele igagasi ngomdla. Le ndlela umfanekiso usebenzisa iipropati maser kwaye ecacile kakhulu (phezu ngumyalelo micron) ukunika, i-time real umfanekiso-ntathu kunye inyama cross eziphilayo. UOCT sele isetyenziswe zamehlo, yaye, umzekelo, kwenza zamehlo ukubona icandelo umnqamlezo inwebu ngenxa zokufumanis iingxaki semehlo kunye glaucoma. Namhlanje, oomatshini baqalisa ukuba kusetyenziswa nakwezinye iinkalo amayeza.

Elinye lawona wabumba ngenxa uOCT bazibandakanya ukufumana imithambo ukwenza umfanekiso ifayibha-enombala. Optical kunamathelwano Itomography zingasetyenziswa ukuvavanya urhulumente othambekele komsipha neplaque ezingazinzanga.

Microscopy yezinto eziphilayo

Laser esayensi, ubunjineli, iyeza nabo badlala indima ephambili iintlobo ezininzi microscopy. sele yenziwe kulo ndawo inani elikhulu zophando, injongo kukuba ukuze sibone oko kwenzekayo ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakhe ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kuphungula.

Eyona nto kunzima ukususa umhlaza yeyona mfuneko yokulandela rhoqo kwiinkonzo ze neemicroscope, ugqirha Ungaqinisekisa yonke yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukukwazi ukwenza microscopy "live" yaye ngexesha real impumelelo ebalulekileyo.

Isicelo entsha laser kwimizobo kunye namayeza - ukukrwaqula kufuphi-ifildi microscopy enombala, nto leyo ukuvelisa imifanekiso enesisombululo aphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo iimikroskopu eziqhelekileyo. Le ndlela isekelwe kwimicu optic kunye ngeenotshi ethe shinyi, zincinane ngaphezu yokukhanya. Oku kuvumele umfanekiso subwavelength, waza wabeka isiseko umfanekiso iiseli eziphilayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwale iteknoloji laser infrared kuya kuvumela bayiqonda kakuhle isifo i-Alzheimer, umhlaza, kunye nezinye utshintsho izisele.

unyango Photodynamic nezinye iindlela zokunyanga

Uphuhliso entsimini imicu optic kunceda ukuxhobisa ukusetyenziswa laser kunye nezinye iinkalo. Ukongeza, bazinika sifo ngaphakathi emzimbeni, amandla radiation inonamathelwano zinokusasazwa apho kufuneka khona. Oku kusetyenziswa unyango. laser ifayibha zibe phambili kakhulu ngakumbi. Bathi ngokupheleleyo ukutshintsha elizayo ubugqirha.

Field of Photomedicine, ukusebenzisa imichiza ukukhanya-onovakalelo ukuba basebenzisane umzimba ngendlela ekhethekileyo, usenokubhenela usebenzisa laser ukuba zombini Uxilongo kunye nonyango kwizigulane. Xa therapy photodynamic (PDT), umzekelo, i laser kunye neziyobisi photosensitive unako ukubuyisela umbono kwizigulane kunye nefom "ezimanzi" ehlobene-ubudala ukuphela macular, unobangela enkulu ubumfama abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.

Xa Oncology ezithile porphyrins yande kwizisele umhlaza, kwaye fluoresce xa wokuloba kwamaza ethile, ebonisa indawo nethumba. Ukuba ezi zihlanganisi manye ke ugqamisa kwamaza eyahlukileyo, baba ziyityhefu kwaye ayixhelele iiseli ezonakeleyo.

A helium-neon laser igesi ebomvu isetyenziswa amayeza unyango kwamathambo, ukhwekhwe, izilonda lwemithambo, njl, Njengoko lo rhoqo ako kakuhle haemoglobin kunye nee-enzayim. Imitha lingancipha, nangokurhala, nokudumba kunye hyperemia livimbela, kuphucula supply igazi.

unyango wena

kwezinye iinkalo ezimbini apho kukho ungasayisebenzisiyo laser - zofuzo epigenetics.

Kwixesha elizayo, zonke kuya kwenzeka ntoni nanoscale, nto leyo eza kuvumela ukuba ukuziqhelanisa amayeza kumanqanaba yeseli. Laser leyo kudala pulses femtosecond kwaye ubukele i kwamaza ethile, abantu amaqabane efanelekileyo ukuze kumagqirha.

Oku kuya kuvula ucango ukuba unyango wena ngokusekelwe genome isigulana ngamnye.

Leon Goldman - umsunguli Laser Medicine

Ukuthetha ngokusetyenziswa laser kwi impatho yabantu, bangabi sakhunjulwa Leon Goldman. Le yaziwa ngokuba "nguyise" amayeza laser.

Konyaka emva kokuba umthombo radiation inonamathelwano Goldman qambo ungumphandi kuqala ukuba usebenzisa yona unyango lwezifo yesikhumba. Le ndlela isicelo njengesazinzulu kwavula indlela yophuhliso kweziveliso ze-laser dermatology.

Uphando lwakhe phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1960 kwakhokelela ukusetyenziswa maser lwesardiyo kutyando ye kwiretina kunye ezifana ezifunyaniswe njengoko amathuba radiation inonamathelwano ngexesha elifanayo usike nesikhumba avale imithambo yegazi, zinciphise ukopha.

Goldman, owayesebenza kuba ixesha lakhe, wesikhumba kwiYunivesithi eCincinnati, waseka American Society of laser in Medicine kunye Utyando, yaye yanceda ekuphuculeni iziseko zokhuseleko laser. Wafa ngo 1997

miniaturization

Eyokuqala 2-micron laser ubungakanani lesingqengqelo kabini yaye zipholile kunye nitrogen engamanzi. Namhlanje kwabonakala diode ezilungelene entendeni, yaye ngakumbi laser ifayibha efinyeziweyo. Olo tshintsho ehlahla indlela izicelo ezintsha kunye nezakhiwo ezintsha. Medicine ikamva liya kuba laser amancinci ukwenzela utyando ebuchotsheni.

Ngenxa inkqubela zobugcisa kukho ukwehla rhoqo yeendleko. Kanye njengokuba laser baye ivamile electronics, baza baqalisa ukuba adlale indima ephambili izixhobo esibhedlele.

Ukuba laser ngaphambili amayeza lalilikhulu kakhulu kunye nezintsonkothileyo, namhlanje imveliso yabo Imisonto optic ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo iindleko, kwaye lenguqu ukuya nanolevel kuza kunciphisa iindleko.

ezinye izicelo

Ukusebenzisa laser urologists esinganyanga stricture urethral, intsumpa nabungozi, amatye wokuchama, isinyi contracture, kunye yesinye.

Ukusetyenziswa laser amayeza yenziwe neurosurgeons ukuba enze iintlanga ngqo kwaye enze iimviwo endoscopic zobuchopho kwaye umnqonqo.

Bezilwanyana usebenzisa laser ukuba iinkqubo endoscopic, coagulation yamathumba, liqatywe, kunye nonyango photodynamic.

Oogqirha bamazinyo sebenzisa ukukhanya odibeneyo ukwenza imingxuma kutyando gum ngenxa iinkqubo antibacterial, nemithi zamazinyo kunye roto-yobuso kokuxilongwa.

laser amashiya

Abaphandi GCP baye basebenzisa amashiya ezamehlo ehlabathini lonke, abahleli iseli, kwakunye nezinye izixhobo ezininzi. amashiya laser bathembisa ngcono nangakumbi ngokukhawuleza umhlaza kusetyenziselwa ukurekhoda iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, amasuntswana entle intsimbi kunye imicu DNA.

Le amashiya enombala msebe obanzi radiation isetyenziswa ukubamba uphendule izinto obungabonakaliyo ngendlela efanayo ngesinyithi okanye iplastiki amashiya bakwazi ukukhetha up izinto ezincinane ndikwabuthathaka. molekyuli ngabanye nga ilawulwe kokuzifaka adle kuphela intendana iglasi okanye micron-ubungakanani amaso of ezinepolisterini. Xa umqadi hits ibhola, oko egosogoso kwaye sisiphumo esincinane, alityhala ibhola ngqo embindini umqadi.

Oku kudala i "ngumgibe enombala", ezinako kukuzibamba amasuntswana amancinane umqadi wokukhanya.

Iyeza laser: nobubi

Amandla radiation inonamathelwano, umfutho lwazo modulated, isetyenziswa ukunciphisa, ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukutshintshwa iseli okanye isakhiwo extracellular izicwili eziphilayo. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa laser amayeza, ngamafutshane, kunciphisa ingozi yosulelo kwaye ukhuthaza impiliso. Ukusetyenziswa laser kutyando kwandisa nokuchaneka Imi, Noko ke, ukuba ziyingozi abafazi abakhulelweyo kwaye kukho contraindication zokusetyenziswa photosensitizing iziyobisi.

Isakhiwo ezimbaxa kwisuntswana ancedisana awukuvumeli utoliko zicacileyo iziphumo zePCR yamandulo eziphilayo. Laser e Medicine (ifoto emileyo) are iluncedo ukuba kutshatyalaliswe iiseli zomhlaza. Noko ke, imithombo enamandla radiation inonamathelwano kukho nabani na kwaye babhubhise alichatshazelwa kuphela, kodwa esikule ezingqongileyo. Lo mhlaba - sisixhobo esibalulekileyo indlela microdissection ezisetyenziswa uhlalutyo eziphilayo neendawo of interest ithuba nembubhiso weeseli ononyawo. Injongo yale bugcisa ukoyisa ukungafani ekhoyo zonke izicwili eziphilayo, ukuze kuququzelelwe uphando yabo abantu echazwe kakuhle. Ngale ndlela, i-laser microdissection wenze igalelo elibonakalayo kuphuhliso yophando ekuqondeni iindlela komzimba ukuba namhlanje kungaboniswa ngokucacileyo kwinqanaba labantu, nkqu iseli enye.

Ngoku ijwabu engineering ezisebenzayo iye yaba yinto enkulu kuphuhliso eziphilayo. Kwenzeka ntoni xa sigeca imicu actin kwi kulwahlulo? umbungu Drosophila Ngaba uzinzile xa ukutshabalalisa iiseli xa yokusonga iimeko? Zeziphi iimeko ezibandakanyekayo kummandla izityalo meristem? Yonke le miba ingasombululwa ngoncedo laser.

Nanomedicine

Kutshanje, kukho ezininzi nanostructures zinezinto ezifanele ezahlukeneyo izicelo eziphilayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu:

• amachaphaza quantum - idangatya amasuntswana amancinane zobungakanani nanometer esetyenziswa kwisisele umfanekiso omkhulu-uvakalelo;
• nanoparticles magnetic ziye nokwafumanekayo isicelo yezonyango;
• Amasuntswana Polymer ngokuba molekyuli zonyango anyityiliselwe;
• nanoparticles zalo.

Uphuhliso zezenzululwazi kunye nokusetyenziswa laser amayeza, ngamafutshane, iye yaguqula indlela yokulawula iziyobisi. Bemisiwe of nanoparticles eziqulathe iziyobisi ngoyo isalathiso konwaywa iikhompawundi ezininzi (ukusebenza kunye nokwandisa ukunyibilika, ityhefu asezantsi) ngu inyathelo ukuvumbulula ancedisana iiseli abachaphazelekayo. Beninikela isithako esebenzayo kwakunye ukukhululwa ezilawulwa isithako esebenzayo njengempendulo ezenzeka ngaphandle. Nanoteranostika ndlela yokuhlola libonelela ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa exananazileyo nanoparticles, compound iziyobisi, unyango kunye arhente umfanekiso diagnostic luvula indlela unyango wena.

Ukusetyenziswa laser amayeza kunye eziphilayo ukuze microdissection kunye fotoablatsii wavumela kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ukuqonda indlela komzimba yophuhliso yesi sifo. Iziphumo ziya kunceda ubone iindlela ezingcono loxilongo kunye nonyango lwe isigulane ngasinye. Uphuhliso By ngokunxulumene ngokusondeleyo impumelelo entsimini umfanekiso nazo ziya kuba kubalulekile. Nanomedicine luhlobo olutsha nathembisayo unyango iindidi ezithile zomhlaza, izifo ezosulelayo okanye isifo.