Belka and Strelka - inja yokuqala space, leyo wabuyela Earth ephila

Belka and Strelka - inja yokuqala emajukujukwini. Le ngxelo iye yaba yinto saziwe, kodwa eneneni kukho ubuxoki yembali. Inja wokuqala Ibikhwele orbit waba Laika. Kodwa wafa ngenxa bubushushu ngqo isiphekepheke. Eyokuqala yinja isithuba, Belka kunye Strelka, moya elinye ixesha ngokugqibeleleyo nje kuphela, kodwa wabuyela Earth bephila.

Ekuqaleni - iimpukane

Ukanti, ukuba zichanile ngokupheleleyo, owokuqala abo bafika emajukujukwini, zaye ... fly Drosophila. Basuka orbit emva ngo-1935. Kodwa ezi zidalwa akwanelanga ukunceda izazinzulu. Kwafuneka ukuthumela isidalwa ezinegazi elishushu nezijikeleza, ukuze ubone indlela umzimba izakuziphatha phantsi kweemeko ikhaphukhaphu kunye nomthwalo ezibalulekileyo.

imiqathango engqongqo

Belka and Strelka - inja yokuqala isithuba, ifoto apho babehamba macala onke amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini zehlabathi. Kodwa izinja oosomajukujuku umkhosi omkhulu kakhulu, kwaye phambi kokuba babafake nezijikeleza, zikhetwa ngenyameko.

Iimfuneko baba ngqongqo: ubunzima bomzimba ayenalo isilwanyana ukuba ungabi ngaphezu kwe-7 kg, kunye nokukhula kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kwe-35 cm. Ukongezelela, kwafuneka ukuba umlinganiswa ezolileyo elungeleleneyo, ukunyamezela phezulu kunye namaxhala ophantsi kakhulu.

Izinja Tari_pedigree phezu indima oosomajukujuku ezingalungileyo - hayi nje ukuba abaninzi kubo baye character nezifebe, ukusukela ukuba azakubalulwa a fastidious enkulu. Emva kophando, izazinzulu usenzile isigqibo - kwisithuba ufuna ukuthumela mongrel izinja, leyo iqulethwe zokukhulisa. Abahlangana nazo zonke iimfuno.

Ngoko Belka kunye Strelka, inja yokuqala isithuba, nangona, yaye baba nemvelaphi obalaseleyo, kodwa wehla kwimbali indawo yehlabathi.

Emhle imbonakalo ye oosomajukujuku

sithathe ingqalelo phambi kokuqala into elandelayo. Emva kokuba oosomajukujuku ezine enemilenze kwakuza kufuneka amaqashiso ukuze ukuma phambi abafoti kunye cameramen kwi olwandulela-moya, ingakumbi emva kokuba. kubukeka Ngoko Kanti wadlala ekukhetheni abaviwa indima enkulu.

Friendly, okrelekrele nezinobuntu - ngoko ukuba inja yokuqala space Belka and Strelka babefuna. olunika umdla kwimbali - endaweni iintolo ukuba fly kakhulu walungisa enye inja. Kodwa waba ugobile encinane imilenze. Kwaye eqongeni lokugqibela kakhulu yayo bazitshitshisela nje ngenxa leli phutha incinane.

Isiphelo elibuhlungu Laika

Nangona abaninzi bethu ibifakwe kwi ezingqondweni ukuba Belka kunye Strelka - inja yokuqala emajukujukwini, kodwa zange oovulindlela. Inja kakhulu yokuqala yabhabhela kwakukhona Laika. Yena, kunye umatshini swi wenza babetshintshana 4 ehlabathini lonke. Kodwa ethubeni wesihlanu silwanyana ababa nakuma i eninzi lafa nobushushu. Le nyaniso Iqinisekile izixhobo ezithumela ulwazi ukufa "pilot" Mission Kumbindi Wolawulo. Isathelayithi ntoni Aluyi kuhla emhlabeni. Wathabatha omnye 2370 neziphithiphithi Orbital, yaye emva koko, emva kweenyanga ezi-5, yatshiswa kwi-atmosfera.

Babuya ephila

Phambi ukuphapha Belka kunye Strelka emajukujukwini moya izinja-18. Bonke bafa - nye uxinezeleko, ngubani ukusuka nobushushu, omnye nomthwalo kakhulu. Inja yokuqala isithuba, Belka kunye Strelka, zohlobo leyo edume iphawulwa ilizwi elikhethwe kakuhle ijolise "dvorterer" emva Earth bephila. Kungenxa yoko le nto baya imbali njengoko abahloli kwendawo yonke.

Zaba zithandwa kangangokuba baye bacelwa ukuba iziganeko ezahlukeneyo, yaye amawaka abantu bebecinga ukuba isithombe ngale igqala. Nangona kunjalo, bonke walumkisa ukuba izinja bunokukuluma, ukuba ukubonisa umdla ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngapha koko, bakwazi hayi nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo aphakame ngokwabo.

ngabo

Nokuba ngexesha loqeqesho, xa inja ahleliyo centrifuges, kuvavanywa isihlukuhli, kwaye enclaves ezivaliweyo, abaphengululi baphawula ukuba umlinganiswa "nxaxheba" duo ezahlukeneyo.

Arrow waba ningaphathi ngakumbi kwaye balumke, kwaye protein, yonke into yayibonakala ukungakhululeki. Xa bangena weightlessness, utolo lonke ixesha singa nje ukuba ikwazi oko bekusenzeka kuye.

Protein baziphatha kakuhle ngemvelo waza wabonisa ukwazi. Yena Bajikile kwaye nton ethekweni. Kwenzeka ukuba, ekuqaleni izinja ezimbini nton exhuma. Izazinzulu wathabatha lo umqondiso njengophawu oluhle. Emva Laika ngexesha Vantshwa iziphekepheke swi bamana bebhomboloza ngokungathi ilindele ukufa kwakhe.

Ubomi emva flight

Itotali ngeeProteni kunye Arrow baba ikhaphukhaphu iintsuku ezimbalwa - Iiyure ezi-15 imizuzu 44. Kwathi Agasti 19, 1960. Zifike ngeekhilomitha ezili-10 ukusuka kwindawo acwangcisiweyo, kodwa okona kubalulekileyo - besaphila! Ngendlela, ukuba andizele space Belka kunye Strelka abakho bodwa. Kunye nabo waya orbit indawo ophilileyo: a iimpuku ezimbalwa, izinambuzane, kunye nezinye izityalo, umngundo kunye nembewu.

Izazinzulu ziye safunda ngenyameko izilwanyana nje phambi kokuba moya, kodwa emva kokuba. Ngaba ukusebenza weightlessness emizimbeni yawo, akukho ukusilela kwezinye amalungu. Unomdla umbuzo kunye ezi izinja njani na ukunika ukuzalwa? Kwaye Arrow akazange ukudanisa. Kabini azale, yaye injana nganye ngokomrhumo. Abantu abaninzi ku umhlaba ungathanda ukuba izinja endlwini, ogama abazali esithubeni. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba CPSU, uNikita Khrushchev Lasisa omnye Zhaklin Kennedi njana uNobhala Jikelele.

Ukusuka stand-plugin - a hero

Enyanisweni, lo wokuqala emajukujukwini emkhombeni-satellite "Vostok" kwacetywa ukuthumela Inqina kunye Chanterelle. Yeha, rocket ezi oosomajukujuku abane-inemilenze liqhuma emoyeni ngaphandle esiza orbit.

Ngoko ke, ukuvulwa emajukujukwini of Belka kunye Strelka lahlelwa ngokungqongqo. Kwaba kuphela emva ukugaleleka ngempumelelo kwale sisiganeko ezimbalini, xa izinja bephila wabuyela Earth, ngokubanzi ngokubanzi. Kwaye ihlabathi liphela ngoku uyazi ukuba Belka kunye Strelka - ngabantu bokuqala abakrelekrele abaye baya emajukujukwini, wabuya waphila.