Chernobyl phambi kokuba ingozi kwaye emva kwengozi. Land kunjani

Pripyat - idolophu encinane iinjineli amandla kummandla Kiev, ecaleni owona isityalo inkulu yenyukliya amandla, ezafumana igama layo hayi kude kwiziko lakhe kwisithili eponymous i ibekwe. Ngoko ke abantu abaninzi khumbula eChernobyl phambi ingozi. Kwaye emva kwengozi, igama iye yanxulunyaniswa omnye kuphela ezimbi kunazo indoda-ezenziwe ngexesha lakhe. Ilizwi kwabonakala ukuba ithwalwe yamanyala le ntlekele yoluntu kwakunye mfihlakalo. It uyothuka kwaye ibe nomtsalane. Iminyaka emininzi EChernobyl uya kuhlala ingqwalasela enkulu yehlabathi.

A incinane

Idolophu encinane eChernobyl iye kwaziwa ukususela 1193. Ukuphawulwa yayo ifumaneka yemihla uluhlu ezidolophini nasezixekweni ngenkulungwane XIV Russian. Ukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane elandelayo, yena sele waba phantsi kolawulo Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Kufuphi naye ukuba kwakhiwe inqaba engavumelekanga, engqongwe umsele ngokunzulu, nto leyo lisekho niwabonileyo namhlanje. Ngenkulungwane XVI, le dolophu yaba liziko yesithili, nto leyo ngokwayo ngayo eYurophu kwi imfazwe emva revolution ka1789 eFransi ngenxa kwi "Rosalia ukusuka eChernobyl", benjenjalo ukumemeza Rozaliyu Hodkevich (watshata Lubomirski). Yaba enye abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi esebenzayo ezo ziganeko akude zembali, wabelana bayahlelwa elibuhlungu abaxhasi yentsapho yasebukhosini Bourbons kunye Marie Antoinette.

Ngowe-1793 isixeko yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Kuye ihlalwa Ukraine, imiqobo kunye namaYuda. Kakhulu ixesha elide eChernobyl yayiliziko Hasidism, intshukumo zonqulo lobuYuda.

Ngokuthe yaziwa kulo lonke emzini eChernobyl phambi ingozi. Kwaye emva kwengozi kuye ngequbuliso nithathele ingqalelo ehlabathini lonke, yaye igama layo kanye liya kusetyenziswa kwikhaya intsingiselo semfene, enxulumene ngokubanzi kunye elithi "intlekele" yaye "ntlekele".

ngaphambi kwale ngozi

Kwiminyaka 70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, ehlabathini lonke kwakukho uhlobo kwendyebo uphuhliso amandla enyukliya. Kuloo minyaka, kumazwe amaninzi, izityalo ezininzi amandla enyukliya babekwa, enye yazo yayakhiwe kufutshane ekudibaneni Dnieper River Pripyat. Ngokwakhiwa kweyunithi yokuqala iChernobyl amandla enyukliya kwenzeka ngo-1975. Ngasemthonjeni ka-1986 kwi isityalo esebenza kweeyunithi ezine amandla.

Kufutshane zesityalo samandla enyukliya zidolophu ezincinane kunye nabasebenzi shift kunye nabasebenzi benkonzo - eChernobyl kunye Pripyat. Le yokugqibela lwalwenziwe ngokusekelwe izixeko satellite NPP. Ukubonelela ngengqesho amalungu entsapho Power, kube nokwakhiwa inani lamashishini zoshishino babonelelwa. Infrastructure sesixeko kananjalo banikwe eninzi ingqalelo, njengoko ubudala umndilili atomograda polis'ky labantu engama-26.

Pripyat ngaloo mihla esinye sezixeko odume kunayo Ukrainian. zokuhamba yayo elula, izitalato ezikhulu ngokubanzi, ukusasazwa kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye neepaki kusonwabisa kuye kwatsala abantu abasuka kwiilali needolophu, kuquka eChernobyl.

De kube ngoku, abantu abaninzi kakhulu ngokucacileyo aqonde ukuba iziko eqhelekileyo lengingqi eChernobyl kwiminyaka ngaphambi kwale ngozi, kwafuneka ingako yokwenza ngamandla enyukliya. iinjineli amandla capital sokuqala ichuma nje isixeko abaselula Pripyat, ibekwe neekhilomitha ezintathu ukusuka iChernobyl amandla enyukliya. Le ngozi Chernobyl idityaniswe nayo, kodwa wafumana igama lawo igama leziko yesithili eponymous, akhiwe ukuya kumzantsi-mpuma isikhululo kumgama-18 km. Pripyat yaye yasekwa ngo-1970 kuphela enkosi ukwakhiwa iChernobyl amandla enyukliya. Chernobyl ngokwayo idolophu encinane elinabantu akukho abantu abangaphezu kwama-13 amawaka. Ngoku wonke ummandla exclusion ilikhaya kubantu abamalunga ne-5000, apho kwindawo ethile 4000 ukuba uhlala kwiziko kwisithili Chernobyl.

ingozi

Man-ezenziwe intlekele, izinto ezo ezenzeka -26 ku-Epreli 1986 ngonyaka imbali yomzi izihlandlo ezimbini: phambi kokuba ingozi eChernobyl emva kwengozi.

Kwi iyunithi amandla №-4 ngexesha kweprojekthi yovavanyo enye ngabavelisi turbine dubulo zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo reactor. Kwakukho phezu 30 imililo, nokuphelisa apho ekuqaleni saqhubeka ntaka kuphela ngenxa bume kakhulu kwemitha. In the first post-ngozi yakwazi ukunqanda iwotshi amandla wesithathu eselumelwaneni, cima izixhobo yeyunithi amandla wesine, khangela ubume reactor olungxamisekileyo.

Ngenxa yale ntlekele iye ukhululwe kokusingqongileyo malunga 400 yezigidi curies kwezinto radioactive. Yaba uhlobo olutsha intlekele, wehla embalini njengoko ilizwi iye yafumana intsingiselo semfene, - "eChernobyl". 1986 ingozi kwifektri amandla enyukliya zinamandla eSoviet Union iye ubeke uluntu xa kobuso engaphathekiyo, utshaba ongabonakaliyo - imisebe.

Kubanga ingozi

Le ngozi Chernobyl wayengomnye ntlekele inkulu kwimbali samandla enyukliya. Kwafa abantu abaninzi nabenzakeleyo ngexesha kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala. Iminyaka elandelayo intlekele nayo yaba negalelo imiphumo ixesha elide radiation. Ukususela evuthayo reactor ilifu eyivuthele isixa esikhulu radioactive materials kummandla engqongileyo eSoviet Union kunye enkulu yeYurophu.

ukubaluleka kwezentlalo nezopolitiko iChernobyl lwentlekele eSoviet Union nako kodwa kuchaphazela ekuhambeni uphando kwiimbangi yayo. Ukutolikwa ngeenyani nangeemeko ingozi iguqulwe kancincane izihlandlo eziliqela. Isivumelwano ekufikelelwa kuyo kude kube ngoku.

Phakathi ezibangela le ngozi zibizwa ngokuba iimpazamo kuyilo zesityalo, inani lokusilela noshowo RBMK-1000 reactor, izenzo mgaqweni le nguqulelo lwabasebenzi, ngenxa owenzeka ngo-reactor leyo eyaphela kuqhuma thermal chain ongalawulekiyo basabela.

Phakathi izizathu aba yokungabikho kwiziko loqeqesho ekufundeni ngempumelelo, ukusilela kwezixhobo, ngasekhohlo ngaphandle uphando, ukususela ngowe-1980 no-1986. Phakathi na awayefike sele kancane ezijoliswe kakuhle kunye nenyikima lokulinganisa ukuya amanqaku 4.

Ngomhla inxalenye amagosa kunye namayeza nje bubuxoki enkulu, uxanduva ingozi lwaye kuphela abasebenzayo iimpazamo zabo izifo abachaphazelekayo wala ukubona oonobangela radiation. Njalo kukho iinzame zokunciphisa ubukhulu ntlekele.

Land kunjani

Zone e Chernobyl nguye ukusikwa komhlaba. Loo imo yonxunguphalo kubangelwe olubonakalayo imisebe ye kwiindawo asondelelene isityalo samandla enyukliya. Le ndawo ke zohlulwa zayimimandla emithathu, phantsi kolawulo: isikhululo samandla senyukliya ngokwalo ngqo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ummandla okhethekileyo, a ezilishumi indawo mathathu ngekhilomitha-.

On emideni yabo ikhutshwa phandle izithuthi esweni ngokungqongqo, eziku amanqaku yokubulala na.

E Chernobyl, ukusebenza arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho benza ekukhuseleni kummandla imimandla esweni yokungena ngokungemthetho emdeni wabo ngabantu abangagunyaziswanga. iinkampani apha zisekelwe ezinkulu, eziluncedo kunye nezinye izakhiwo, ekwenzeni umsebenzi ukugcina umhlaba ningazani ikwimeko ekhuselekileyo kokusingqongileyo.

impilo yesibini

A idolophu encinane-owaziwa izitrato ingathi yimimangaliso ezingwevu dvuhetazhki eluhlaza kokuhlambulukileyo - ephambi ingozi eChernobyl emva kwengozi aziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi ngephanyazo, idolophu, ngonaphakade engumkhenkce izihlandlo eSoviet Union.

Itsala abalandeli emhlabeni jikelele Postapokaliptika. Chernobyl and Pripyat, kanye ngokuzithemba amanyathelo abe nekamva eliqaqambileyo, ngoku kummandla exclusion zifakiwe kule nkqubo utyelelo phantsi Uhambo esemthethweni. Ezithandwa kakhulu eli lizwe oyisa ngo-2007 emva kokuba kukhululwe umdlalo computer «ikuba:. Shadow of Chernobyl"

Ngokutsho lowu Forbes ngo-2009 eChernobyl kwindawo ziqukwe kuluhlu yezindawo abakhenkethi 12, wabona kakhulu exotic.

Kwezinye iindawo umgangatho radiation kule ndawo ingaphezulu ubuncinane avumelekile izihlandlo ezingama-30, kodwa oku akuthethi ayeke abo banqwenela ukuba babone lesikhumbuzo kakhulu wamazwi kule ntlekele ezenziwe ngabantu. E Chernobyl, zabakhenkethi 40 000 batyelela kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. ngonyaka ngamnye inani elininzi Khawube isalityaziswa ngokungekho zingene endaweni "Apocalypse", indawo apho abantu abanakuze bakwazi ukuphila. Noko ke, ukuhamba abakhenkethi kudala unikezelo kunye nemfuno ukuba isixeko likuvumela ukuba ufumane ubomi yesibini.