Copyright: ingqiqo, ukungqinisiseka, ukhuselo kunye nokhuseleko. Izifundo kunye izinto copyright

Copyright - iseti amalungelo impahla kunye non-propati (idla ngokuba ngokomoya) besive umntu (umbhali, oko kukuthi umntu), ngubani kunye nomsebenzi wakhe wokudala uye wadala umsebenzi uncwadi, ezenzululwazi okanye ubugcisa.

Kuphela 70 yee-kwicala loqoqosho kweli lungelo yaqala ukuba kuxoxwe kwinzululwazi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, copyright akanayo intsingiselo efanayo abezoqoqosho, njani na inkqubo patent. Kaninzi kukho underestimation ukubaluleka wokhuseleko enjalo kunye kwindawo kwezoqoqosho ngayo.

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili le meko kukuba ekuqaleni ingcamango copyright kunye nokukhuselwa kwabo zasungulwa ikakhulu inkqubo yezomthetho kunye nezentlalo. Kodwa njengokuba abantu iye yakhula, kwaye ukwanda kolwazi, copyright, njengenxalenye ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, kuxhaphaka ngoku le asset ibalulekileyo engaphathekiyo nezoqoqosho loluntu yolwazi. Namhlanje bengasekho kuqwalaselwa kuphela udidi yomthetho, kwaye kuthathwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo ye-asethi nkampani kunye nobutyebi yeli lizwe. Ingcamango copyright okulungiselela isiseko kuphuhliso lwamashishini ezahlukeneyo, ikhuthaza ukukhula ixabiso, urhwebo kunye nengqesho. Ngokutsho kwezinye data, isabelo ngokusekelwe kumashishini yayo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi ekuqaleni kwewaka emalunga 7.3% (malunga 2.2 ezigidi zeerandi US). Ngelo xesha ukukhula enye kule nkalo --avareji ye-5% ngonyaka, oko ngokukhawuleza ukukhula avareji kuqoqosho ehlabathini lonke.

imithombo copyright

Ukubaluleka okukhulayo eli lungelo kwabangelwa ukwandiswa eliphakathi esebenza kuwo. Ngowe-1996, copyright ngamazwe yabhaliswa amaxwebhu ezimbini: ezimbini WIPO (iSivumelwano kwi Imisebenzi kunye Phonograms iSivumelwano kunye Copyright) izivumelwano Internet kwamkelwa, ngoko ngoncedo lwe-mthetho yesizwe amazwe yaqala emalifakwe imicimbi yezoqoqosho kwi ezahlukeneyo computer uthungelwano zedijithali. Oku umfutho nonxibelelwano kunye nokwabelana ngamava, esomeleza isiphumo kwezoqoqosho kule hlobo mthetho. Kwakukho imithombo yasekuhlaleni copyright. Inkqubela technology uvumelekile ukuba zazise ukuba iindlela ezintsha zolawulo, ezo zibiza ngaphantsi kwaye luchaneke kakhulu, ngoncedo amanyathelo awodwa yokhuseleko technical. Ngenxa obu bugcisa aye anda ukuthengiswa kweemveliso phantsi wokhuseleko copyright.

Kuye kube yinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla, yaye namhlanje sisebenza kunye nezi fom uyilo, leyo iminyaka engamashumi amabini eyadlulayo, kwaba nzima ukucinga. Iimveliso ukuba akhuselwe copyright, kuba namhlanje uquka inxalenye enkulu weshishini.

iindidi amalungelo

Copyright kunye izinto bohlulwa ngokweendidi eziliqela:

- ilungelo impahla kunye non-propati;

- ilungelo ukuya yedwa kunye non-kuphela.

Umntu ngubani ophethe copyright kwalo mthetho okanye loo nto, lubalasele, ukusebenzisa kwayo ilungelo yedwa kwaye thintela ukusetyenziswa kwale into ngamaqela esithathu. amalungelo akhethekileyo imveliso kwenzeka xa umbhali akakhange kugqitha kubo (oko kukuthi lenza isigqibo nge-transfer amalungelo awodwa) kwabanye.

ekunene Non-kuphela kuthetha ukuba umntu anazo kubo, ungasebenzisa amalungelo into wadala ngumnini amalungelo awodwa, ndawonye naye, kunye nabanye unemvume yokusebenzisa ngendlela efanayo. amalungelo Non-kuphela kuvela xa uyila isivumelwano se copyright, ukuba ayithethi ngokucacileyo ibonelela ngenye indlela.

amalungelo Moral - onelungelo (ukuba ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi, ezifana kwipropati: ukuthenga, ukuthengisa, ukudlulisela, banikele, ilifa, njalo njalo).

Ubhaliso kunye nokukhuselwa copyright

Eli lungelo yenye yeendlela ukukhusela ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, oko kukuthi, oko iseti ngokwemigaqo yomthetho, ubudlelwane kwindalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo kwenkcubeko, inzululwazi nobugcisa.

Ixesha copyright - kuyo yonke impilo lombhali kunye iminyaka engama-70 ngoko nangoko emva kokufa kwakhe. Ngokungenammiselo ezikhuselweyo unelungelo lokuba negama, ilungelo wombhali kunye nokukhusela isidima uMdali umsebenzi.

kubhalisa ikhona ukubonisa ukuba ngexesha amalungelo ayo into ikhona ngokungaqhutywa luluvo. Oku kunokuba luncedo ukuba ukhuselo copyright inxaxheba kungquzulwano izilangazelelo. Kuzo zonke amazwe kuhlawulwa yi- Berne Convention ekhuselweyo copyright amalungelo izinto owenziweyo yi abemi Russia, kungakhathaliseki nokuba babhaliswa, okanye ukusuka kwindawo yabo yobhaliso.

Umthetho International copyright, kwakunye nemithetho copyright ye-Russian Federation, musa ukuba ubhaliso sokukhuselwa kuyo. Noko ke, ukuba ufuna ukubonisa ukuba into ngexesha lobhaliso eyayikho nangengqwalasela enkulu, uyakwazi ukubhalisa ezi zomthetho nezobudlelwane kwi Society ye Authors Russian '. Ukuba amalungelo aphulwe, ityala kufuneka iqwalaselwe kwilizwe apho ulwaphulo mthetho lwenzeke khona.

copyright proprietor

zezi zifundo:

1) umbhali yena;

2) le ezihlangwini yombhali oko kukuthi umntu lowo yafuduswa copyright kwezinye ngenxa yomthetho (contract, ilifa), ingakumbi umvakalisi umsebenzi;

3) Translator (kwi translation zakho).

Kukho umahluko phakathi ilungelo lombhali kunye nabalandeli bakhe - kuqala eze kuqala wakhonza ngokungenammiselo, nangenxa owesibini oko ufanele ukuba ixesha elithile.

Iinjongo Copyright

Ngenxa yeSiqendu 1259 ye-Civil Code of inani karhulumente wethu, izinto ngokunxulumene apho copyright eRashiya, imisebenzi uncwadi, inzululwazi nobugcisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba injongo yabo, kwakunye namandla kunye iintlobo zokuvakalisa.

Ezi ziquka:

• imisebenzi, ngamanye amazwi ke ukuhluzwa omnye umsebenzi;
• izakhi zisisiphumo lomsebenzi woyilo lilungiselelo okanye ukukhetha kwezinto.

Copyright eRashiya njengoko imisebenzi zikhutshwa kwaye lushicilelwe ezivakaliswa naluphi na uhlobo ebambekayo, kubandakanywa zomlomo nezibhaliweyo (umz, indawo yokusebenza yoluntu, bephosa njl), Xa uhlobo imifanekiso, ividiyo kunye ezirekhodiweyo isandi, ngokunjalo umthamo ifomu -space.

iimpawu zezinto

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izinto amalungelo ezinjalo aneempawu ezithile:

• indalo ubhalo ubugcisa;
• uhlobo kwinjongo ngamazwi ayo.

Oko kukuthi, eyona nto umele wadalwa ngenxa ngqo ngemigudu enobuchule, wayifaka phezu medium emzimbeni (ngohlobo lwe umfanekiso, ebhaliweyo, ividiyo okanye ushicilelo lwesandi,-ntathu), okanye ngayo ngomlomo, kodwa akunyanzelekanga ukuba ngokohlobo yokuthetha esidlangalaleni.

Oko kukuthi, umzekelo, yaqala ngenxa yomsebenzi wokudala ezi patheni amanzi umbhali akwazi ukuba ibonakala iza kuba xa umthombo ingasebenzi phantsi copyright. Bona ikhuselwe kuphela ngasemthonjeni njengoko unohlobo Injongo umqulu-lomhlaba (ilitye, ngensimbi), kunye neendlela zolwelo abekho.

Omnye umzekelo: ingqokelela yezinto zobugcisa alithethi lomsebenzi woyilo, ngoko akujongwa japan wayo ukuba bathobele olu hlobo mthetho. Umculo ngaphandle copyright - oko kukuthi, umzekelo, iingqokelela yeengoma ngeyona iqela elithile.

iintlobo zezinto

Ngoko ke, ngokulandela inqaku inombolo 1259 ye-Civil Code of eli lizwe, zithathwa ukuba izinto copyright:

• uncwadi imveliso;
• umculo kunye nemidlalo, idrama kunye mboniso;
• izimbo zomzimba kunye komnyhadala;
• umculo itekisi, kwaye ngaphandle kwayo;
• komsindo;
• imisebenzi imikrolo, ukupeyinta, uyilo, imifanekiso, iincwadi zemifanekiso, iinoveli graphic kunye neminye imisebenzi emihle;
• izinto uyilo isigaba kunye nobugcisa bokuhombisa;
• imisebenzi yocwangciso lweedolophu, izakhiwo, landscape zobugcisa, eziquka imizobo, uyilo kunye nemizekelo;
• izinto negative ubuciko, kunye nabanye, wafumana ngendlela imifanekiso ngendlela efanayo;
• ezahlukeneyo zejoloji, geographical kunye nezinye iimephu, imizobo, izicwangciso, imisebenzi zeplastiki ezinxulumene mphandle, ngendawo kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi.

Ingcamango copyright kudlulela ezahlukeneyo eziyilelwe ikhompyutha. Kodwa ke, ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinto, amalungelo kubo nga kukhutshwa emzimbeni federal esilawulayo, ukusebenza kunye epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Ubhaliso ayisosinyanzelo kwaye ikhutshwa phandle ngumnini.

Kwakhona, ekhuselweyo copyright iinguqulelo kunye neminye imisebenzi kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo.

Ngokomzekelo, umbhali yenoveli kwathiwa, nakumlawuli wenza umboniso webali lakhe, kulo meko umqondisi umnini-copyright kwi kukhubazeko nokulungiswa kwinoveli, njengokuba umsebenzi.

Ngokufanayo, umguquleli, ukudala imveliso ngolunye ulwimi ukusuka yakuqala, unalo ilungelo kuguqulo yabo. Le nguqulelo ngokwawo, kanye original, liziko elizimeleyo.

Copyright ayikho kuphela msebenzi, kodwa inxalenye yayo, lo kwegama lomlinganiswa, ukuba umlinganiswa abonakala ngenxa yomsebenzi ozimeleyo ezinobuchule umdali wayo.

Umzekelo, umlinganiswa Garri Mbumbi, kwakunye njengenxalenye igama le ncwadi amalungelo engeka JK Rowling, kunye namalungelo kwisicatshulwa umsebenzi.

Kuba copyright ayibandakanyi iiprojekthi:

• amaxwebhu ezisemthethweni oorhulumente bengingqi, kwakunye karhulumente, kuquka imithetho, neminye imiqathango, izinto, yolawulo, nemithetho neenkundla ngemvelo, izigwebo, amaxwebhu ezisemthethweni nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neenguqulelo zazo ezisesikweni;
• Imiqondiso neempawu akwi kurhulumente (iingubo iingalo, seeflegi, yamaphepha, imiyalelo, njl njl), kwakunye Imiqondiso neempawu ze-arhente karhulumente wengingqi;
• lwemveli (imisebenzi iintsomi), ecingisisiweyo ababhali ezithile, ezifana umculo ngaphandle copyright - ingoma intsomi;
• Unemiyalezo zolwazi umlinganiswa malunga izibakala kunye neziganeko (iinkqubo TV, iindaba ezi mini, ukuhlela ukuhamba kwezithuthi ezahlukeneyo kunye nabanye.).

Kufuneka ke ukuba copyright akanawo iikhonsepthi, iimbono, iindlela, imigaqo, iinkqubo, iinkqubo, izisombululo ze zombutho, ngokobugcisa kunye nezinye iingxaki, izibakala, ezeza iilwimi kweenkqubo.

isimboli yobunini

I "copyright" imi ngolu hlobo - ©.

Le leta Latin C (ukusuka elithi "copyright I", elithetha "i copyright"), uzibeke embindini wesangqa. Kunye uphawu nale leligama isetyenziswa (s) - unobumba C kwindawo yegama.

Oku kubonisa copyright isetyenziswa ecaleni kwegama iqumrhu okanye umntu ophethe amalungelo ubunikazi. Kwakhona, lo mqondiso ukuze ibhekiswe into wokhuseleko elikhankanyiweyo komqolo, okanye unyaka wokupapashwa.

I "copyright" ngokwalo singazi kudala amalungelo ezongezelelweyo. Libonisa kuphela ukuba amalungelo ukuba into ethile yomntu osemthethweni okanye yendalo ezicacisiweyo.

Ukungabikho lo mqondiso akuthethi ukuba umsebenzi lingakhuselekanga kuba kuvuka amalungelo ngokwabo ngenxa yokuba ngendalo yomsebenzi. Ukuze isicelo kuye ukukhuselwa copyright, ukubhaliswa okanye ezinye okusemthethweni ezifunekayo.

Kwakhona, ilayisensi yona ayichaphazeleki ubukho okanye ukungabikho phawu.

copyright

imvelaphi yabo ezinxulumene ngqo into udale i into yomthetho.

Umthetho welizwe lethu akukho inkqubo ekhethekileyo yobhaliso amalungelo wombhali umsebenzi, ngaphandle wokubhalisa nabo kwinkqubo yekhompyutha. Umbhali, ngokomthetho, nguye lowo wadala into, kwaye unala malungelo alandelayo:

1) ilungelo elikhethekileyo umsebenzi ngokwawo;

2) negunya;

3) Ilungelo kwigama;

4) ekunyanisekeni umsebenzi;

5) xa enikezela yayo.

iindlela zobugcisa ukukhuselwa copyright

Kukho iindlela ezizodwa zobugcisa eyenzelwe ukukhusela olu hlobo amalungelo. Oku kuquka nawuphi na iteknoloji, kwakunye izixhobo zobugcisa kunye namacandelo zabo, nto leyo ukulawula ukufikelela imveliso ethile kunye umda okanye ukuthintela izenzo akamkelekanga ngumbhali okanye enye umnini copyright ngokunxulumene into.

Ulwazi copyright

Yena kucingwa ukuba naluphi na ulwazi kuchonga umsebenzi, umbhali okanye umnini copyright, kwakunye nemiqathango ukusetyenziswa into kwamalungelo aqulathwe kwi original okanye ikopi umsebenzi, usisiphumo yokunxibelelana emoyeni okanye ngezinye iindlela ukuzisa imveliso kuluntu, incamathele kuyo, kwakunye naziphi na iikhowudi kunye neenombolo eziqulethe ulwazi efanayo.

Umbhali ubuye unala malungelo ezizizo:

1) ukwabiwa;

2) kwenziwe;

3) transfer;

4) yokungenisa;

5) processing;

6) yokusebenza yoluntu;

7) isiboniso yoluntu;

8) zisasaza;

9) unxibelelwano intambo kuluntu.

Ngoko nangoko emva kokudalwa umsebenzi umbhali kufuneka babe nobungqina bokuba wayenazo ngalo ngosuku oluthile. Kwimeko na iingxabano luncedo kakhulu. obo bungqina zingafumaneka ngokusebenzisa inkqubo eyodwa ebizwa ngokuba isimemezelo. kubume bayo - idiphozithi leekopi umsebenzi, kwakunye ukulungiswa ngomhla nikunikiwe kunye inxaxheba izivumelwano. Emva koko kuya kukhutshwa isiqinisekiso idiphozithi. Nale nkqubo kunokwenzeka ukuba abhale ubukho iikopi zale umbhali ngosuku oluthile. obo bungqina - ukukhuselwa inokuthenjwa kwimiba copyright.

imfihlo

Ukuhlukunyezwa kungabangela zolawulo, yoluntu kunye yolwaphulo-liability. Kudla ngokuthi copyright kwenzeka ngokulahleka. Ngako oko ke kucetyiswa ukuba azise amaqela sesithathu sazo ukusebenzisa le fomyula ilandelayo: nomqondiso "copyright" + igama lombhali (umnini) + unyaka wokupapashwa okanye ithuba. Noko ke, ngokomthetho ukuba azise ekunene wombhali okanye ukusebenzisa ifomathi wacebisa ayikho imfuneko.