Cruiser eSoviet "nguDmitry Donskoy". Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy": 65 Iprojekthi

mbali ezahlukeneyo mihla sisajongisisa uhlobo, izizathu kunye neziphumo yombhodamo eyabakho kwi leSoviet. Ngelo xesha, kusekho inani elikhulu lolwazi esaziwayo. Xa inani kwimithombo, umzekelo, kubonakala Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy". 1955 imihla emva Ndikuvukele enqanaweni. Njengoko sinokungqinelwa kwirekhodi, ukuba waphathwa livunyelwe.

Ngokoqobo kunye wazo facts

Izinga Ukufihla kule minyaka Soviet laliphezulu kakhulu. Kulo mba, naluphi na ulwazi oluthile malunga kwimvukelo mncinane ngokwaneleyo. Kulo mzekelo, imiphumo iziganeko ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, iingxelo inokufumaneka:

• E Vladivostok, le mvukelo kukubi Cruiser eSoviet "nguDmitry Donskoy". Yombhodamo kokuba livunyelwe.
• I-Pacific Fleet waphathwa zicinezelwa kwimvukelo (Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy", 1955, Vladivostok). Abulale abantu abangaphezu kwama-50.

Ufundo ngakumbi kule ngcaciso pops up imibuzo emininzi. ngenxa yokuba uninzi ulwazi olusasaziweyo kunye ubugqwetha kakhulu kuvela Ubunzima ekumiseleni inyaniso. Ngelo xesha, neminye imithombo wathi Cruiser eSoviet "nguDmitry Donskoy" e Vladivostok ngaloo mhla ayikho. Inqanawa ibhaliswe kwi wePasifiki Fleet, kodwa Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 19-20. Njengoko kwiirekhodi mveliso ibonisa, Agasti 31, 1951 kwizintlu ze Navy waye wabhalisa Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy". USSR ngelo xesha elisombulula ingxaki le wawandisa izithuthi. Ngo-Epreli 1953 inqanawa wayelele phantsi ubatyale. A. Marty, iLeningrad. Ekupheleni Septemba waloo nyaka wanikwa igama elitsha "Vladivostok". Xa ekwindla yaphehlelelwa phezu pontoons kunye mfutho ku Severodvinsk. Septemba 2, 1959 lo Cruiser yasuswa ukusuka kwisakhiwo kunye bagxothwa Navy udwelisa ukulungela zobugcisa kwi 28.8%. Ngenxa yoko, e Vladivostok, ayikwazanga kuba umkhombe.

Zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze kwakhiwe

Njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, emva inkokheli Second World of eli lizwe ubekele ithagethi ukwenza kwizithuthi. Ngokungqinelana ne-Order of Abantu Commissar of Navy ekuqaleni kuka 1945, ikhomishini kwasekwa. Yena uye balungiselela izinto zokufunda iimpawu eziphambili kunye neendidi imikhumbi elizayo. Ngokutsho kwiKomishoni iziphumo zomsebenzi kwi-Staff Jikelele eziqulunqile izicwangciso kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi. Ngokutsho kwabo, ngo-1955, kwafuneka ukuba babekho kule fleet:

1. Ibutho moya yenethiwekhi in isixa kweeyunithi ezi-6.
2. Abagungxuli - iiyunithi 358.
3. Zempi - iiyunithi ezine.
4. iziphathi-moya Small - 6 imivo.
5. cruisers ezinzima (40 iiPC.). Kwezi, - zixhotyiswe nge-mm 220 (10 iiPC.) Yaye 180 mm (iiyunithi 30) izixhobo GC..
6. Inkwili - malunga 500 iiyunithi.
7. cruisers Light ne-152 mm imipu GK - iiyunithi 54.

Loo inani iinqanawa ekulindeleke komsebenzi ukusetyenziswa imikhosi aselwandle kumanzi ezivulekileyo kunye ezivaliweyo. Nangona yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo zemveliso kunye nemali, nengqondo kulo mba sele zibonwa ezicacileyo. Xa ukuphunyezwa kwayo besikhundla fleet zasekhaya wayeza ngaphezu amanani Royal Navy. Ngomhla amandla, ange ugqibile yesibini, kwaye inani lweenqanawa ezintywilayo - indawo yokuqala. amava emkhosini kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwisicwangciso. Yokusolwa isakhiwo Zempi ezimbalwa xa kuthelekiswa ne-pre-imfazwe. Ngaphezulu, njengenxalenye yenkqubo ye abathwali Navy ibifakiwe.

ukulungisa isicwangciso

October 27, 1945 kwintlanganiso yokuqala yaqhutyelwa incwadi yesicelo. Ndafumanisa ukuba Iqabane. Stalin waba imibono yakhe kuphuhliso ngakumbi Navy. Ngokukodwa, kucetywa ukuba ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo inani Zempi, kwaye inani lezithuthi ezinzima linyuke ngokwandisa CC zabo-305 mm. Stalin ingqalelo inexpedient ukwakhiwa abathwali moya kule minyaka ilishumi ezayo. Akazange akubone kuyimfuneko, kwaye ukudalwa cruisers ngemipu-180 mm. Ngelo xesha Stalin wavuma ukuba kwakhiwe kwezithuthi ukukhanya kule mali eliphezulu. Iprogram yokugqibela samkelwa emva kwengxoxo inika inkokheli yelizwe. Isicwangciso esitsha kuquka ukwakhiwa:

1. cruisers ezinzima - iiyunithi 4.
2. Abagungxuli - iiyunithi 188.
3. cruisers Ukukhanya - iiyunithi 20.
4. Lweenqanawa ezintywilayo - iiyunithi 367.

Esi sicwangciso sibonelela kungekabekwa Zempi ezimbini. Ngaphandle abathwali moya evela kwinkqubo enemiqathango kwi ukungafuni ka imboni yasekhaya. Isicwangciso esitsha sele njengok nokuqhubekeka pre-imfazwe. Ingqwalasela engundoqo yaba ekwakhiweni leenqanawa zokudubula enkulu. Le nto zingqinelana namava kwemfazwe kutshanje yaphela.

design

Ngokungqinelana ne-Order of Abantu Commissar Kuznetsov, ekwindla ka-1943, le projekthi yaqala ukuphuhlisa uhlobo olutsha Cruiser ukukhanya. NgoSeptemba, inguqulelo yokuqala savunywa. Ngokungafaniyo iingalo ukwakheka 68 Iprojekthi kabini-137 mm kunye 100 mm-imipu zokudubula anti-moya. Ukongeza, izixhobo zombane ezitsha umsindo zasemanzini radar ziye zaziswa. Ngokwesi sicwangciso kucingelwa ezinye izithuthi inomzimba triple-ityhubhu on-ifanele ezintlanu, isethi mortars 4. Njengoko lebanga ingami, kufuneka ube 8 amawaka. Miles. Kwesona santya siphezulu amaqhina 35 kwacetywa. ukubana Standard oko akufuneki sibe ngaphezulu kwe-10 amawaka. T.

Ushicilelo lwesibini

Ngokutsho isicwangciso 1946-1955 biennium., Kwakumele ukuba ukudala 30 walala 4 cruisers ukukhanya. Ekuqaleni, zigaba emininzi imisebenzi kulindelekile. Kwindawo yokuqala kwacetywa ukugqibezela ukwakhiwa iinqanawa 5 iprojekthi 68-K, ngoko kuzakuthathwa ukwakhiwa cruisers 7 leprojekthi bis-68. Emva koko kokuqala Kujongwe ukudalwa kuthotho entsha. Phakathi kwabo bekufanele ukuba kunye Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy". Project 65 yancoma wathandwa ngcono, ngaphantsi ukufuduka. Kwacetywa ukuxhobisa iinqanawa kunye nezityalo ezitsha ngamandla. Ngowe-1945, wakhutshwa iimfuno zokusebenza kunye nobugcisa. In Savitchev uthe wakhethwa njengoko umyili oyintloko. Phakathi iimfuno ezintsha ziya kuba ukutshintsha nokwakhiwa izixhobo zokudubula anti-moya. Endaweni 37-mm guns amawele 12 kubandakanya ukufakwa ezine mm-45 ze-mm 4.6 esinamavili amawele automata-25. Esi sicwangciso kukunyusa ugcino kunye yeetoni nokunciphisa ukuba amawaka 8-8.5. Okulahlwayo okuyingozi. Xa Ukuzinziswa jikelele ukuba yosebenziso isixhobo 8 GMAT ulwandle rough njengemfuneko.

ubuxhakaxhaka

Ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe Cruiser omkhulu onjalo "nguDmitry Donskoy", Project 65 unenzondelelo iinguqu ezininzi. Bonke bacelwa 40 Ukrainian lunee ntlobo. Kuba inxenye yabo ukubana ezimawaka 13.5-15. Okulahlwayo okuyingozi. Enyanisweni, la manani bahambelana kuMmandla cruisers ukukhanya enkulu. Emva kwexesha elithile uphuhliso predeskizny bayeka ngenxa ingxaki Ukumisela imilo efanelekileyo nqanawa zobugcisa. Wayemelwe ukuba eyahlukileyo ngokomgangatho ukusuka neyezingaphambili kunye ukufuduka eyamkelekileyo ibhanile akukho Iitoni ngaphezulu kwama-15 thous.. Xa ecetyiswa CDB-17, le projekthi lwaqhutywa ngo-Ukrainian lunee ntlobo zimbini. On odolo Stalin Noko ke, ngo-1947, umsebenzi samiswa. Developers ngokutsha imizamo ngezicwangciso for 82 and 68 bis.

Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy ': Iprojekthi

NgoMatshi 1949, kumsebenzi sigqibe PPM-17 kwi-design. Ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba imvume karhulumente, abayili baqalisa yoyilo lobunjineli. Kodwa ukuwa kukaStalin ecetywayo ukwandisa isantya inqanawa ngayo amaqhina 35 nokunciphisa ukubana of ths ukuya ku-36. Iitoni. Ngokuhambelana kunye nale kweli xesha lifutshane kangangoko le projekthi yenzelwe kwi-PPM. Kude kube sekupheleni, lo msebenzi wagqitywa. Ngexesha inkqubo umthamo izityalo amandla kwafuneka ukuba akhule nge-30%, ukutshintsha ubume zokudubula anti-moya jikelele, nokunciphisa ukubhukisha nkqo njalo njalo. Ngenxa ngasantya esiphezulu enqanaweni kweprojekthi 82, kukho imfuneko kulwakhiwo cruisers ukukhanya. Ngo-Oktobha 1950, isabelo yokusebenza-Committe safunyanwa. Ngokutsho kwakhe, liceba ukwakha ukukhanya Cruiser 65 Iprojekthi, apho bekumele ngesantya 35-36 amaqhina. Kuba zokwenza umsebenzi olandelayo yavunywa yi-Ukrainian lunee ntlobo 2 izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ukubana le ugcino. design Predeskizny sagqitywa ngowe-1951. Kodwa umsebenzi ingenye kwenziwa.

ukuguqulwa

Matshi 16, 1976 Cruiser yokuqala enzima "nguDmitry Donskoy" yaqukwa kwi imikhombe Navy. NgoDisemba 1982, watshintshelwa eNtshona-ups evela Severodvinsk. Phakathi-Septemba 1989, loo nqanawa ijike umva. Kwishishini "Sevmash" langoku ukungcitywa lwaqhutywa. Ekupheleni kukaJuni ka-2002, lo Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy" iye yavavanywa ngempumelelo. Ngokutsho iziphumo zabo, waza waphinda wangena kwi- Northern Fleet.

Inkwili "nguDmitry Donskoy": ifoto, inkcazelo jikelele

Le nqanawa ke omnye ezintandathu yakhiwe kwaye kuphela zihleli ezintlwini. Yena wenza indima kwebhulorho phakathi iinqanawa enyukliya Isi-3 kunye nezizukulwana 4. Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy" yaye baxhotyiswe "Bulava" kwisakhiwo esitsha. Yaba kule nqanawa zikhali ezivavanyiweyo. Enomjukujelwa Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy" yeyona inkulu ehlabathini. ukubana layo ngokupheleleyo - 49,8 iitoni Length Vehicle - .. 172 m kunye nobubanzi -. 23.3. inkwili Nuclear "nguDmitry Donskoy" ikwazi ukuthwala 20 Isigaba-3 ICBM, ubunzima lokuqala 90 t. Ngowe-1996-1997. ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali, iinqanawa ezintathu thotho efanayo sakhonza yonke iminyaka 12-13 ubudala, ezazithinjwe Navy. Enye ezimbini - TK-20 kunye TK-17 ( "Severstal" yaye "Arkhangelsk") ahlale phakathi. Inqanawa iphambili kolu thotho lo Cruiser zenyukliya "nguDmitry Donskoy". Iminyaka engaphezu 10 iyalungiswa kwi nkampani "Sevmash". Apha ke ngokutsha izixhobo kunye maxesha.

izikhali

Ekuqaleni, ngwenya "nguDmitry Donskoy" kwacetywa ukuseka iseti "Bark". It yenzelwe kwi Design Bureau. Makeyev. I-complex wawuquka enomjukujelwa kunye uhlobo warhead ngokwahlukana. Babemele mayixhotyiswe inkqubo isikhokelo satellite inertial. Ilungiselelwe ukuchana enkulu. Kodwa ke iimvavanyo ezine zakhiwo baba aluphumelelanga. Kule nkalo, i-kwezikhali ehlaziyiweyo. Ngenxa yoko, kwagqitywa ekubeni kusekwe kwi Cruiser vehicles "nguDmitry Donskoy" ezintsonkothileyo "Bulava-30", eyenziwe Moscow Institute of Technology Thermal. Kwafuneka ukuba inzuzo enkulu phezu nogxa American "Ababhali II".

Ukugcwalisa

Ngo-2008, ubuninzi namanyathelo acetywayo ehanjiswe ukuguqulwa sele igqityiwe. NgoDisemba 2004, isenzo ukugqitywa izilingo yolwandle sisayinwe. Ngokungqinelana nenkqubo evunyiweyo ababekhwele kweso Cruiser test lomphehlelelo enomjukujelwa esimbaxa "Bulava" babezinikele. Okwangoku umkhombe ebesebenza Navy.

qaphela Imbali: yavela

Njengoko owaseka ingcamango nolwakhiwo Cruiser wolwandle wenza Vice Admiral A. A. Popov. Wayalela iqembu corvettes kunye Iziqhano. Amava oye okongezeleke ekudalweni cruisers zokuqala vehicles kunye housings ngentsimbi kunye kwakhona wenqanawa "Minin" yena eziqulathwe embodiments ezimbini. Ngelo xesha Popov wacela iimpawu uphawu le Aslanbegova lokugqibela Admiral. Umongo zonke izindululo ziqokelelwe, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Le zokudubula enqanaweni kufuneka bodidi enkulu, kodwa kulindeleke ukuba inani elincinci.
2. Cruiser kufuneka enze awahlali, kungekhona corvette. Umele ukuba ibhetri elivaliweyo.
3. Kuyimfuneko ukwandisa milinganiselo: ubude ukuya ku 91.5 m, ububanzi - 17.1 m.
4. Isantya kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ku 16-17 amaqhina.
5. Power kufuneka lenyuke ku-1000 eelitha kubizwe. a.
6. Inani ngemibhobho inomzimba kufuneka lincitshiswe ezine.
7. Ukusuka iyadi double topsail kufuneka zilahlwe.
8. Coal imajini kufuneka lenyuke-1.2 amawaka. T.

Ukusebenzisa indawo ephakamileyo, Popov iphumelele ukuvunywa kwiiprojekthi ngaphandle lokulungelelanisa nabo usihlalo wekomiti zobugcisa. Ekuqaleni kuka March 1880 inqanawa umakhi yokuqala wamiselwa sombutho Samoilov. umncedisi yakhe kumthetheli Potapov. umsebenzi wokulungiselela sele ithunyelwe kwi-odolo izinto uqale kuka May. Ukususela 18 Disemba umakhi waba Kuteinikov. Matshi 28, 1881 le Cruiser lokuqala got igama layo "Dmitri Donskoi". Lo msitho lwamanqaku encwadi wakhe ngoMeyi 9.

Ezinye izinto zokwakha

Per Cruiser yomgama "Dmitriy Donskoy" indawo yediskhi esungulayo umphunga scripting. Ngesiquphe weza kuye ubukhulu. Le ivili lufakwe wayesemva (isiko). Telegraph Machine efakwe kwi ibhulorho ngaphambili. Ukudala iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze umsebenzi jija ezizodwa ngumlimi lwasungulwa zamanzi asimahla 'intshukumo parallelogram. " Kwakunzima ingxaki zeteknoloji enzima. Kodwa ukuba isonjululwe.

test

Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy" yaqaliswa ngo-Agasti 18, 1883-th. Ngethuba lesigaba sokugqibela imisebenzi kwavela iingxaki ezenziwe ngokwemimiselo malunga ungquzulwano phakathi mazibuko mabini karhulumente. Ngenxa yeziganeko batwabulule phezu kwiminyaka emi-2. NgoMeyi 1885 i kuqala kwibhodi waqalisa uvavanyo kunye nokwamkelwa kwezixhobo lobugcisa emigodini kunye zokudubula. De Agasti Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy" kwakhululwa elwandle izihlandlo ezithathu kuphela. ngesantya sakhe engumndilili 16.16 amaqhina kunye umatshini umthamo 5972 eelitha. a.

ofisi

Ekwindla 1885 lo Cruiser ukuya kuthi xhaxhe kuqala. Iminyaka emibini eya iyunithi eyodwa apho. Ngo-1887 inqanawa kwakukho Pacific butho umthetho yangasemva Admiral Kornilov. Ngo Meyi 1889 "uDon" wabuyela Kronstadt. Apha waba nokuhlaziywa encinane kunye September 21, 1891 Okokuqala zibuyiselwa kuLwandle lweMeditera. Apho wakhokela ibutho le Clipper "yokuxhaphaza", awahlali "Minin" kunye gun boat "Uralets". Ngo March 1892 iyunithi yokuqala aye ohlulwa. Cruiser "Don DM." Ngaba ithunyelwe nge kuLwandle Marmara eConstantinople uze ukuya kuLwandle Black. Ukususela ngoJulayi 1892 inqanawa lokuqala esekelwe kwi Vladivostok. Apha ke umkhosi butho engundoqo. KweyoMdumba kulo nyaka ozayo, inqanawa yaya Port Said. Apha ukubuyisela kumthetheli Gessen ukuba uxolo NA Green. Le Cruiser kuphelela yi squad Russian wamenyelwa ngurhulumente US lokubhiyozelwa isikhumbuzo 400 ngexesha lokufunyanwa America. Matshi 16 baqala ukudada. Ngenxa yokwanda ipateni umoya lilishwa, "Don" emva kwexesha ukuqokelela iinqanawa waya ngqo eNew York. NgoSeptemba, wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe. boilers zaso, zimoto kakhulu ityekile kwaye kwakufuneka nokulungiswa ngoko nangoko. Ngowe-1894 Umsebenzi th sele ugqityiwe. Ngowe-1895, i-Cruiser indawo kwi iCartridge Kane imipu zokudubula. Ngo-Oktobha 29, 1895 ngowokuqala zonke iimvavanyo zigqityiwe. Cruiser "UDon" yakhululwa kuLwandle lweMeditera kunye "Rurik". Ngelo xesha waqalisa ungquzulwano phezu Black Sea ezingxingongweni. February 14, 1896 iinqanawa yokuqala bathunyelwa e Far East. Aprili 9 baya e Nagasaki. Eli xesha nkonzo solulelwe ukuya kwiminyaka emi-6. Ngowe-1900, "Don" wathabatha inxaxheba uhlela zomkhosi kunye wenqanawa ePort Arthur, owathi kamva waya emfazweni lokwenene.

Ngo-1901, December 12, inqanawa wabuyela Kronstadt. Apha wachitha ukulungiswa bakhe ngenxa Pacific kwadingeka. Ngokukhethekileyo, sekhe-mm 120 6 kwalishumi zitshintshelwe umpu 75mm. Ngowe-1903, le Cruiser "Diamond" yaye "Don 'ukuba ahambe iqembu kubabulali. Noko ke, izityholo lwathatha ixesha elide kunokuba okucwangcisiweyo kwaye inqanawa wazibandakanya ngamava eyahlukileyo, owawukhokelwa yangasemva Admiral Virenius. Kumanqanaba okuqala imfazwe wakwazi kudlula kuphela kuLwandle Olubomvu waza wayalelwa ukuba abuyele.

impi Tsushima

Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy" ngo-1904 yaqukwa kwi-2 nd Pacific butho. Wayalela inqanawa nomphathi Lebedev. Ukuba ibutho indlela ngeenxa m. Good Hope ngomhla we-14 Meyi 1905 wangena umlo phantsi kweflegi ye yangasemva-Admiral Enquist kwi Korea Strait. Ngexesha impi kwenye cruisers indawo "Ow. Monomakh" yaye "DM. Don" yahlanganisa macala zabo, "Aurora", ulawulo lishivshuyusya. Ngokwenza njalo, bazifumanisa phantsi umlilo amaqokobhe Japanese. cruisers Russian ezifaka iinqanawa ezininzi Japanese. Ngeli xesha,-high speed 'nentsimbi "," Oleg "salungiswa" Aurora "baphuma edabini, ukuphuhlisa isantya esiphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, slug "Don" eshiywe yedwa. Ekubeni wakwazi ukuba kuhlaselo zam, inqanawa walinda ukuba ubusuku devyatiuzlovym inkqubela izibane sasingekacinywa waya Vladivostok.

Kuzo zonke cruisers abakuluhlu 1 kuphela "Don" ndakwazi ukufumana kufutshane ekupheleni zonke iinjongo yokuqubha. Ngawo. Dazhelet wayeka ukususa iqela ukuya ezantsi ngumtshabalalisi "Wild One". Ngeli xesha wabonakala phezu kolundi-isantya iinqanawa Japanese, "Tsushima", "Niitaka", "Umphumela", "Akashi", "Takachiho" yaye "Naniwa". Ngaphandle kwezi, ukuya "Don" wayesondela kubabulali-4. Bakhawuleza, wathabatha inqanawa enye kokusingqongileyo. umyalelo Russian wala ukuba anikezele yaye waqhubeka batole amaso ezimbini. iqela Cruiser wakwazi ukuba knock iintshaba inqanawa 2 ( "Umphumela" yaye "Naniwa"). Kodwa isikhephe ukuya phambili. Wafumana umenzakalo ezinjalo ukuba iimpompo nako ukumelana amanzi kwakungena emingxunyeni. Ebusuku, lo siqithi iyanyengezwa crew engemveleli wakhe ngoncwino longxwelerhiweyo. Sekusile Cruiser "nguDmitry Donskoy" betshona, bengalwamkelanga bewuhlisele iflegi yakhe. Ivan Nikolaevich Lebedev wafa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva umbanjwa Japanese yemfazwe.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, ziyahlelwa umkhombe nto inzima kakhulu. Enyanisweni, got a ukuzalwa yesibini Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 20-21. Noko ke, ukungabikho mali athintele ngokubonakalayo umsebenzi wokubuyisela wayo. Ngoko ke sungula ukuba phantse iminyaka elishumi. Ngelishwa, ngemithombo eyahlukeneyo ufumaneka iinkcukacha ezingachanekanga. Nangona kunjalo, inani mbali, uqhuba uphando esebenzayo kunye ukucaciswa ngezibakala eyiyo. Namhlanje le Cruiser yi lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zinkulu ehlabathini. Yena silungiswe kakhulu, baxhotyiswa kunye nezixhobo zakutshanje kunye nezixhobo kuyo. Inqanawa lidlulile zonke iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko kwaye ebesebenza ezintlwini Navy.