Diesel - oko ... iintlobo, iintlobo, brand, iiklasi diesel

diesel - ezimbini ubudala, kodwa wafuna sibaso injini piston diesel. Ukuba ngaphambi kokuba imihlaba kwayo kwacutheka ngenxa libya kunye nemveliso yokutsha ityhefu, kodwa ngoku iimoto bayanda baxhotyiswa injini idizili, yaye izazinzulu basebenza nzima ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokwenza nokusingqongileyo diesel.

Yintoni na le diesel

diesel - a amaqhezu oyile enzima, ezo zisekelwe hydrocarbon kunye eliphezulu - 200-350 ° C - Iqondo lobushushu. Oku kusetyenziswa amafutha kwinjini idizili kunye injini diesel negesi.

Kutheni idizili? Ngokuba, ngokungafaniyo injini ipetroli, apho umxube zepetroli umoya ephakamayo yi ube yintlantsi, injini amafutha emoto ayekwi Buyisela njengokuvuthisa ngokuzenzekelayo phantsi ucinezelo olomeleleyo.

Ngaphandle, idizili - sikhanya, kunye viscosity ngaphezu koko zepetroli, ulwelo, umbala apho kunokuba shades etyheli, brawuni ezahlukeneyo. Umbala yempembelelo intlaka kwi amafutha.

Ngexesha ukutshiswa nayiphi kubaswe umlilo kuvelisa amandla. diesel, ukongeza lo msebenzi ophambili, wenza imisebenzi emininzi kwaye ebalulekileyo kwi-injini. It lubricates kwi injectors amafutha kunye iimpompo ukukhuhlana umphezulu, ayaphola iindonga egumbini yokutsha kunye zeemoto ulungelelanisa parameters kwi-injini.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe diesel

iimpahla ulwandle emlanjeni, zikaloliwe, yomkhosi kunye nezithuthi zezolimo, iilori - phantse izithuthi zonke enzima iyasebenza iinjini diesel.

mashumi yakutshanje Popular kumazwe aphuhlileyo yaseYurophu uba imoto isebenza diesel. amafutha yi-40% ngaphantsi xa injini diesel, amatshantliziyo, amandla, kunye neegesi patency zokhuseleko zeemoto ngaphambi zepetroli.

Diesel fuel- yokuba ngokoqoqosho ngakumbi ukusebenza, kwaye iindleko zepetroli. Lusetyenziswa iiseti diesel Umvelisi zokubhala kunye nezikhululo zamandla mobile, boilers kweenkqubo zokufudumeza elizimeleyo.

Diesel oyile, nto leyo kakhulu kuthiwa diesel, i idizili ntsalela kunye viscosity eliphezulu nokubilisa indawo ukuya ku 400 ° C. Olu hlobo amafutha sisetyenziselwa iinjini isantya eliphantsi iitrektara zothutho ngololiwe zolwelo. Ukongeza, kukho solarium into buzane wentlonze kwishishini yesikhumba. oyile Diesel smazachno yinxalenye njengesipholisi ekwehliseni metal ibe ucimayo ulwelo xa ubushushu ngayo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Inani cetane (i parameter engundoqo amafutha emoto ayekwi i) oluphawula LINGATSHA yesibaso. Oku kugqiba ixesha ukulibaziseka umxube yokutsha, ngamanye ixesha eside phakathi isitofu amafutha kwi lombhobho kunye ekuqaleni yokutsha. I ngaphantsi eli xesha, okukhona inani cetane, kwaye ubude lingaphantsi kwe-injini efudumeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwandisa umsi zeemoto, nto leyo iba yamanqam cetane inani eliphezulu kwama-55.

Kuba iinkqubo inaliti kunye elekhtrons kubalulekile viscosity wayo, leyo ixhomekeke ukusuka neempawu ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe

Of diesel ezinoxinano ixhomekeke ukusebenza ngendlela echanekileyo nenempumelelo, ngokuba eliphezulu lexinene, amandla okungakumbi eyenziwe omlilo.

Luphawu ebalulekileyo ubungakanani sulphur osekwe diesel. Oku iikhompawundi isalfure, apho ukunciphisa nokumelana le nkqubo amafutha.

On umgangatho diesel, wathi umda lobushushu filterability, okt lobushushu apho amafutha emoto ayekwi sikhula kakhulu kangangokuba alufanelekanga kwaphela okanye ngokucotha kakhulu udlula lokucoca elimlinganiselo ethile.

Kuyinto ngezantsi kuyo ilifu, okt iqondo lobushushu apho neparafini equlethwe amafutha uqalisa nokuntlalutyisa.

fuels diesel

Phambi ko 2015, amafutha emoto ayekwi nemigangatho Russian zihlukaniswe uhlobo. Kule meko umgangatho, umthetho ngoJanuwari 2015 kwicandelo kunyaka ingqamana kwicandelo kwiiklasi kokusingqongileyo ngokungqinelana nemigangatho yaseYurophu kwaye kwenzeka ngokuxhomekeke sulphur kwi amafutha. I-sulphur angekho ngaphezu kwama-350, 50 no-10 mg / kg ekwafanekisa le fom mna, II, yaye kuthetha ukuthini III K3 iiklasi lixesha kunye nokusingqongileyo, K4 kunye K5 ngokutsho kurhulumente omtsha umgangatho, ngokulandelelana.

Ayikhuthazwa ukusebenzisa amafutha, apho amazinga aphezulu sulphur, njengoko oku kwandisa ezikhutshwayo emoyeni, umhlwa nokukhawulezisa banxibe iziqalelo inkqubo amafutha, nokunyusa iindleko ngotshintsho rhoqo okucoca neoli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphuculwa iipropati kuphela kukhokelela ukonakala omnye. Ukuhlisa i sulphur - ukunciphisa oku lubricity ye diesel. Ngoko ke, ukuba ugcine ngomnye weyona misebenzi iphambili kweli fuel zongezwa kudla ezahlukeneyo.

diesel grade

Diesel kumaBakala ayahluka lobushushu, olungezantsi yeyiphi ezinokusetyenziswa kubaswa. Njengoko i header for ubushushu Umda filterability iyasetyenziswa. Kwaye Ezahlukahlukeneyo aphulwa-lonyaka kunye amafutha emoto ayekwi zasehlotyeni esi salathisi ayikho ngezantsi 20 ° C.

Grade A iphawulwa lobushushu ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-5 ° C ngaphezu zero. Kuba ngasinye kumabanga B zilandelayo, C, D, E no-F index kuncitshiswa 5 ° C.

Umzekelo EURO idizili, ibakala C, uhlobo II III okanye inguqulelo entsha ye iiklasi zokusingqongileyo K4 kunye K5 lobushushu filterability ukuya degrees ezintlanu ezichazwe ngezantsi zero kunye sulphur elingekho ngaphezu kwama-50 kunye milligrams 10 ikhilogramu yesibaso nganye.

iiklasi diesel

Icandelo ibe kukudla iiklasi diesel ukuze ebusika okanye kwemozulu ezibandayo kwenzeka kuphela xa le filterability ubushushu, uphawu yesibini yingongoma efini. Ebusika kunye amafutha emoto ayekwi Arctic kwiqondo lobushushu ndiwuthobile crystallization njengomthwebeba iqala, leyo isidima ukusebenza.

Ukuba ukumakishwa amafutha emoto ayekwi emva kokuba nokonyulwa DT akufuneki incwadi kunye nenombolo, ngoko ke izibaso ebusika okanye Arctic.

diesel brand

Ngokweempawu physicochemical, iimpawu yokusebenza, kunye neemeko yesibaso ukusetyenziswa diesel yahlulwe ngeentlobo ezine ziphawulwe ngoonobumba abakhulu:

- Summer (A), olubandakanya amafutha kwibakala A, B, C, D kunye lobushushu umda filterability ukusuka +5 ukuya -10 ° C. Le diesel ingasetyenziswa kwiqondo lobushushu ngezantsi 0 ° C.

- amaxesha onyaka (E) kumaBakala E no-F, kunye lobushushu -15 kunye 20 ° C ngokulandelelana asetyenziswe ekwindla, xa kolundi ubushushu ukusuka +5 ukuya -5 ° C.

- Winter (W), nto leyo baziindidi 0 ukuya 3 lobushushu filterability ezisukela -20 ukuya -38 ° C kwaye isicelo kwi lobushushu air hayi ngezantsi -20 ° C.

- Arctic (A) sisibaso kwibakala 4 obushushu umda filterability ka thabatha 44 ° C kunye nobushushu okukufutshane no thabatha 50 ° C (amaxwebhu engenaxabiso soloko ilandelwa yi elithi 'thabatha' kwaye ukuphepha ezingachanekanga icon).

fuel lokumakishela

Igama lengubo akubandakanya amafutha diesel (DF), ibakala okanye udidi ngokuxhomekeke isicelo kunye neklasi kokusingqongileyo. Oko kukuthi, amanqaku ibonisa parameters ezimbini kuphela: i-sulphur kunye umda lobushushu filterability.

Namhlanje kuyenzeka ukuba amisele ezintsha nangaphezulu, umz, DT standard EURO 5 Class F, nelimi amafutha emoto ayekwi ubusika ukuba sulphur elingekho ngaphezu kwama-50 mg / kg kwaye umda lobushushu filterability ku thabatha 20 ° C, leyo yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa ngendlela yasebusika Russian kunye neemfuno phezulu kumafutha indalo.

De kube ngoku, loo ukubanjiswa ubuchule L-0,2-62, ngamanye amafutha ukonga imali grade ebonisa isixa-mali ka-sulphur (200 mg / kg), kwaye flash indawo 62 ° C. I-flash ngongoma ayikho isalathisi iphambili, kodwa ezinye iimpawu alinganayo ukuze best ukhuseleko umlilo ingqalelo amafutha kunye lobushushu eliphezulu.

Indlela ukugcina idizili

Kuba umlinganiselo umthengi, ukuba imoto yabucala kunye injini diesel, umba zokugcina amafutha emoto ayekwi ayikho imfuneko.

Kodwa mveliso apho amafutha zithengwa zisisixa kwaye igcinwe kangangexesha elide, ingxaki zokugcina kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukugcinwa ukuze idizili kwi-20 ° C unyaka omnye kubushushu ngentla 30 ⁰ C leenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kunyaka omnye kwizikhongozeli moya, ekhuselweyo elangeni ngqo.

amafutha xa kugcinwa kufuneka angene ukudibana ngobhedu, nobhedu okanye zinc, ukuze amafutha akuthethi ucingo up iimveliso ze ekudibaneni kwemichiza kunye lwezi methali. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka bakhuselwe ukufuma nothuli, kwaye kufuneka kungabikho ongeziweyo nto leyo iba yokulondoloza. Ngokomzekelo, xa kwamafutha diesel neklasi high additive esingqongileyo yongezwe ukwandisa intsebenzo yokuqaba, leyo ukubola ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

le ukusebenza amafutha liphezulu, umda wayo ngokuthe ngcembe liyanda. Kukho iintlobo ezintsha idizili kunye nemithombo ezintsha irisithi yayo. Sele kukho izinto ezintsha, kwaye idizili iveliswa nje kuphela oyile. Mhlawumbi ikamva bobabo amafutha emoto ayekwi evela ngeoli yemifuno.