Diorama "Sevastopol". Ukuzikhusela kwamaqhawe kaSevastopol. Diorama "Sevastopol": indlela yokufumana

I-diorama ebizwa ngokuthi "Ukuhlaselwa kweNtaba yeSapun ngoMeyi 7, 1944" Ingaba isebe leMyuziyam kaZwelonke yoKhuselo lweHeroki kunye nokuKhululwa kweeSevastopol. Itholakala kwi-12 km ukusuka kwingingqi ephakathi kweso sixeko.

UDorama (Sevastopol) usebenza njani? Indlela yokufikelela kuyo?

Into ekhoyo kwiNtaba yeSapun. Unokufika kwisikhumbuzo ngebhasi ukusuka kuMalakhov Hill. Ishedyuli: imihla ngemihla ukususela nge-9: 00 ukuya ku-17: 00 ngaphandle kweMvulo. Iofisi yetikiti ivulekile kuze kube ngu-16: 30. Ngethuba lokusukela ngoJulayi ukuya kuAgasti, xa amawaka abavakatyeleli beya eSevastopol, iDorama, enezithombe ezinikezelwe kwinqaku, isebenza iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki ukususela ngo-5: 00 ukuya ku-17: 30. Unokuthenga ithikiti kwiofisi yetikiti phambi kwe-17: 00.

Iimbali zeembali

1941-1942 - ixesha apho i-heroic defense yeSevastopol idlulile . Isixeko sasihlangulwa ngoMeyi 1944. Ukulwa ngokukrakra kwavela kwiNtaba yaseSapun. Kuze kube ngoku, le ndawo inomxholo wembali wezo ganeko. Ngamhla, ukulandelwa kweemingxuma ezigubungelwa ngamajoni kunye nemigodi, ixesha elide lokuzikhusela, iimfono ezinzulu ezivela kwiibhomu kunye neebhokhwe, ezihlanganiswe ngotshani olutsha oluhlaza, zicaciswa ngokucacileyo apha. Izikhumbuzo ezininzi kunye nama-obelisks eziyinxalenye yeSikhumbuzo seSizwe Sokubaluleka, esizinikezele kwiimbasa zeMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic, baye bafumana isiphephelo kwiNtaba yaseSapun. Izikhumbuzo zokuqala zokuhlonipha abavuli be-Sevastopol zaqalwa apha ngabakhi bezakhiwo zemikhosi nabakhi njengoko kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1944. Ngesicelo samagagasi e-15 kwiminyaka yokukhutshwa kwesixeko ukusuka kubahlaseli bamaNazi, isikhumbuzo esicacileyo - i-diorama yenziwa. Ukukhuselwa kweSevastopol yinkqubo yenkalipho nesibindi samajoni aseSoviet. Imemori yale nto iya kuhlala kwimbali yethu ngonaphakade.

Ukudala ukwakhiwa

Umsebenzi onoxanduva lokubhala umzobo wawuyi studio yaseMoscow yabaculi bezempi. M.B. Grekova. Umsebenzi oLawulayo waqala ngo-1958, iqela lokudala laseP.T. Maltsev, ekwaquka i-NS. Prisekin kunye neGI. Marchenko. Ukudala umsebenzi onokwenene, inkosi yezobugcisa obuhle yadibanisa nabathathi-nxaxheba kwimfazwe eSapun Intaba, ihlolisise imicimbi yezo zihlandlo, yenza imidwebo emininzi, imidwebo kunye nemidwebo yendawo. Ekudalweni kwesikhomba esingumfuziselo olinganisa u-5.5 x 25.2 m kunye nesicwangciso esiphambili sesifundo kunye nommandla wendawo engama-83 square metres. UM. Iingcali zathatha iinyanga ezili-7.

I-Diorama (iSevastopol) yavulwa ngoNovemba 4, 1959. Yayiyilungu lokuqala lobunzima obukhulu kangangokuba abaphathi beSoviet basebenze ubugcisa obuhle babesebenza ngaphambili. Ababhali balo banqwenela ukudlulisela ngokupheleleyo ukuzaliseka kweemeko ezichazwe. Ngenxa yale njongo, inani labantu babhalwa ngokukhula komntu, kwaye isicwangciso esingaphambili sesifundo senziwe ngezinto eziyimfuneko, iifom, izixhobo, izixhobo zobunjineli eziqokelelwa kwibala lemfazwe. Umgca we-diorama ubonisa ukuxhatshazwa kwamasoldeni okwenene athathe inxaxheba ekukhuseleni kweSevastopol. Ukudlulisela ukufana kwazo neefoto, abaculi basebenzise iifoto zoxwebhu kwimisebenzi yabo. Baye bafunwa ngabahleli beembonakalo ezifanayo, okanye nakweemagorha emfazwe ezachithwa.

KwiSikhumbuzo

I-Diorama (Sevastopol) ikhona kwisakhiwo esiphakamileyo seNtaba yaseSapun, ngokuqinisekileyo apho iziganeko ezichazwe ngayo zenzeke. Ukusuka kwibhaluni, esekelwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo, iindwendwe ziyakubona umboniso oqhelekileyo wendawo leyo, ifakwe ngabaculi kwinqanawa. Emhlabathini ophantsi, ngaphambi kokuba ujonge ukubunjwa okubonakalayo, iindwendwe ziyakubona ukuboniswa kweemyuziyam eyingqayizivele ebizwa ngokuba ngu "Sevastopol kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini".

Ekufuphi kweso sakhiwo unokubona enye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yesicatshulwa esikhumbuzo. Apha abaveleli baya kubona i-exposure evulekileyo yezixhobo zempi, ezithatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yangempela. I-Diorama (iSevastopol) ijikelezwe ngamathangi, iinqwelo zokulwa neenqwelo zokulwa, izixhobo zokulwa neenqwelo zokuzikhupha, kunye neentonga ezidumileyo ezidityanisiweyo zikaKatyusha. Isakhiwo esibalulekileyo senkxalabo yezikhumbuzo zaseSapun-Gora yi-28-meter ephakamileyo ye-Obelisk yozuko, enyantweni apho i- Flame ephakade ishushu ukusukela khona .

"Ukhuselo lweSevastopol"

Ngexesha lemfazwe neminyaka emva kwemfazwe, imisebenzi emininzi yenziwa ngokuhlonipha ukunqotshwa kwe-fascism, ukuqhubeka nokukhumbula imikhosi efile. I-Diorama (iSevastopol) yenye yezona zakhiwo ezinkulu zesikhumbuzo eziye zazinikezelwa kwiziganeko zika-1941-1945. Abaculi abaninzi baphinde bavezwe kwiimpahla zabo zengxabano zemfazwe.

Umculi obalaseleyo u-Alexander Deineka wabhala: "Ubugcisa obukhulu buzalwa ngenxa yokuvakalelwa kwemvelo, kwaye akunokuba luvuyo nje, kodwa luba nomsindo." Yiyo le mvakalelo - inzondo enkulu kunye nentukuthelo kwiintshaba-eziphefumula imifanekiso yakhe "Ukukhuselwa kweSevastopol" kunye ne "KwiiNtshonalanga zaseMoscow" ebhaliwe ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic. Oku kukuchasene ngokupheleleyo kwendlela yakhe yokudala, evuyiswe ngentshiseko, uvuyo oluhle ngenxa yokuphumelela kwezobugcisa beSoviet, inkolelo enomoya ophilileyo emzimbeni ophilileyo kunye noxolo olupheleleyo. "Ukukhuselwa kweSevastopol" - umsebenzi odumile weAAA. Deineka, ebhaliwe eMoscow ngo-1942. Okwangoku, loo mzobo imelwe kwiMyuziyam yaseRussia eSt. Petersburg.

Umlando

Ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zembali, kunokucingelwa ukuba kumfanekiso weAA. UDeineka ubonisa iziganeko zeSevastopol ekwindla ka-1941, kuba kulo nyaka, ukususela ngo-Oktobha 30 ukuya kuNovemba 21, amaNazi ahlasele okokuqala kwisixeko. Ekuqaleni, kulwa imfazwe kwiindlela ezide zokusondela kwiSevastopol, kwaye ukususela ngo-Novemba 2 ukuhlaselwa kwinqaba yokukhusela kwaqala. Kwaye ekubeni kwakungekho mkhosi kuloo mzi, i-Marine Corps yoLwandle oluMnyama, amaqhekeza ahlukeneyo asebenzisa ukuxhaswa komlilo kwiinqanawa, athatha ukukhusela iSevastopol. Ekulweni, amabhetri enxweme athatha inxaxheba.

Imicimbi iboniswe

Ngexesha le-Great Patriotic Army, kuye kwenziwa iinzame ezintathu zokuthabatha iSevastopol. Imfazwe yokugqibela yale sixeko iphelile ngoJulayi 9, 1942. Nangona kunjalo ukuba umfanekiso ovezwe ngu-AA. UDeineka, awuthembekanga ngokuqinisekileyo, ekugqibeleni kwesixeko saseSevastopol, amakhulu amabandla ayenjalo aqhubekile. Umlobi wakwazi ukudlulisa isibindi isosha, esichazela kwinqanawa inkunzi enkulu yamanzini azinikela ubomi babo ngenxa yokukhusela isixeko.

Inkcazelo

Ukudala umgca "Ukhuseleko lweSevastopol", umculi ubonakala exelela abaphulaphuli ibali elibuhlungu, elibi. Kuyo, uchaza imfazwe eyayiqhutyelwa kwi-embankment, apho abalobi baseSoviet bafihla indlela eya kwisixeko senqaba. Ngomgama umntu unokubona amaxuwa ahlala emizini, umlilo ujikeleze. Ngaphambili komfanekiso ngumkhumbi okhuseleyo ophonsa inqwaba yeebrenade. Ubuso bakhe bunqabile kwaye busoyiki, izandla zakhe zibukhali ngokubanzi kwiimacala, imilenze iyahlukana. I-positi yomkhumbi ibonisa konke ukungenakwenzeka, ukungabi nantoni nokulungela ukumisa intshaba nayiphi na indleko. Ukwenza umfanekiso ongokoqobo, iAA. UDeineka ubonisa umgca ophakathi kwejoni ngokutshintshela ekhoneni lasekhohlo, eshiya indawo yokuhamba kweebrenade. Ukubulawa ngobukhulu bomkhumbi-mkhumbi wenza iphosa elidlulileyo lokuphosa, ukunika amandla onke okubunjwa kunye nomdlalo. Ukugqithisa isongelo kunye noxinzelelo lwemikhosi etshabalayo, umlobi usebenzisa indlela ekhethekileyo-iindawo zokukhangela izibhunqa ezisuka kwiibhamu.

Akuyona ingozi ukuba lo mdwebi ubonisa intshukumo yokulahla kwiinyawo zejoni ngokungafaniyo encinci xa kuthelekiswa nomntu oyintloko wesithombe. Ngaloo ndlela, uDeineka uthetha ubuthathaka nokunganakunceda utshaba ebusweni bomkhosi waseSoviet. "Ukukhuselwa kweSevastopol" akukona nje ukuveliswa kwesiganeko semisebenzi yempi, kodwa okokuqala kuqala umfanekiso wesimboli wamaqhawe aseSoviet kwiingubo ezimhlophe zekhephu kunye nobunzima obuninzi obungabikho. Isitya sikaDeineka, njengemisebenzi yabanye abaculi abaninzi, abafake imemori yeemfazwe zeMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, ababenxaxheba kwiimfazwe eziqatha kwaye banikela ubomi babo ngenkululeko yelizwe labo.