War Northern Enkulu 1700-1721: iziganeko eziphambili, zigaba kunye nabadlali

Northern IMfazwe Enkulu ka-1700-1721., Ukolula emva kwenkulungwane yesine, akazange kuphela yesibini ixesha kwimbali karhulumente Russian, kodwa zatshintsha ezo zithwala kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Russia uye wafumana nje kuphela eKFC kuLwandle eBaltic kunye nokwandisa ummandla wayo, kodwa wafudukela ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla ukubangisana, eyase ukuba ingqalelo ihlabathi.

nkqubo Foreign of Peter I, oonobangela zemfazwe

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba Tsar uPetros wanyuselwa etroneni kwasekuqaleni ubudala ezilishumi, luzele izintso ke phezu kuphela ngo-1689. Ngeli xesha kwi Grand Embassy of lo kumkani uselula ikwazile ukufumana ngaphandle kwe Russia kwaye uzive umahluko. Kwiminyaka 1695-1696 ngaphezu abanamava loHlaziyo Tsar wagqiba ukulinganisa ngokwabo kunye Ottoman donsa nemikhankaso Azov. Ezinye iinjongo kufikelelwe kuzo, oko yathinjwa inqaba Azov, ulawulo phezu kwayo, balinqabisa imida esemazantsi karhulumente, kodwa ukufumana ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo kwi-Black Sea UPetros akazange aphumelele.

Ukuguqula umkhosi kunye nokudala izithuthi mihla, uPetros ndagqiba kwelokuba abuyele emhlabeni wabo yaye bayakwazi kuLwandle eBaltic, ngaloo ndlela eyenza Russia amandla olwandle. Ingria and Karelia, leyo ilahlwe Swedish ekucuthekeni ke kwamaxesha, musa aliphumze lokumkani-wenguquko. Kwakukho enye imeko - kanye 'igxalaba lokulayita "e Riga kwigqiza Russian okhokelwa uPetros. Ngenxa yoko, i-War Northern 1700-1721, iziganeko elijikajikayo indlela yembali yehlabathi, waba iRashiya isigqibo yezopolitiko kuphela, kodwa kananjalo ngodumo.

Ukuqala longquzulwano

Ngowe-1699 waba bawongwa Northern Alliance phakathi Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Denmark, Saxony, yaye kummandla Russian. Injongo yahlabeka ukuba buthathaka Sweden, omnye amagunya anempembelelo ngelo xesha. ilizwe ngalinye izinto ezithandwa yayo kwaye unamabango indawo nxamnye balwa. IMfazwe Enkulu Northern 1700-1721 ngokufutshane izigaba ezine eziphambili.

Ithuba 1700-1706 gg. - wokuqala kwaye yimpumelelo iRashiya. Ngo-1700 kwakukho imfazwe yokuqala Narva, apho amajoni Russian boyiswa. Ngoko ke inyathelo zomkhosi udlule ezandleni yabadlali. Ngowe-1706, Russian woyisa umkhosi Swedish-Polish phantsi Kalisz. Peter ndizilingile zonke zekhefu sibeth` ngo-Agasti II - King of the Commonwealth, kodwa ke ukumkani Swedish ukwahlula womanyano. Russia wasala yedwa kunye nawa enamandla kunye nomkhosi XII.

Isigaba sesibini Northern War

IMfazwe Enkulu Northern 1700-1721, iziganeko enxulumene kunye nenkcaso kuphela amajoni Swedish-Russian kunye azinakulawuleka ndafudukela kwisigaba esilandelayo. 1707 -1709 iminyaka. It linokuchazwa njengoko Inqanaba lesibini imfazwe Russian-Swedish. Yaba senguquko. Ngalinye emacaleni alwayo bakha inqaba yabo; landise ubukhulu yomkhosi kunye nezixhobo. Karl XII sacinga ukuba zifake eminye imimandla Russian. Kodwa ekugqibeleni ndandifuna ukuhlahlela ngokupheleleyo eRashiya.

Russian Tsar, yena, baphupha ithi lweBaltic kunye nokwandiswa imimandla yabo. Nangona kunjalo, le meko ngamazwe wayemthanda welinye icala. United Kingdom akasinikanga uncedo eRashiya, ngeendlela zonke kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele ukunika inkxaso yezopolitiko eSweden. Northern War of 1700-1721 Enkulu. Kwaya ayakhathaza ukuba macala omabini, kodwa ngokulinganisela ukuxolelana namnye ngookumkani bungayelelani.

Ukuya phezulu kwimida Russia, amajoni yaseSweden ahlala ummandla mmandla, uceba ukuya ku ESmolensk. Ngo-Agasti 1708 i-balwa ubunzima ukoyiswa eziliqela Committe saza sagqiba ekubeni siye eUkraine, exhaswa Hetman Ivan Mazepa. Kodwa ke uninzi abalimi Ukrainian kunye Cossacks nje ziyifumanisa balwa njengoko bahlaseli, ewanika nokumelana jikelele. NgoJuni 1709 kwakukho kwedabi Poltava, eyaba isiqalo esitsha emfazweni. Peter I kunye iinjengele zakhe wawahlula balwa. Charles kunye Mazepa wabalekela eTurkey, kodwa akavuma ukutyikitya lo uzinikele kuye. Ngenxa yoko, i-War Northern 1700-1721, iziganeko ezenzeka ngomhla kummandla Russia, Sweden eneneni ebilahlekile.

Ithuba yesithathu ngxabano

Ukususela 1710-1718 gg. kwesigaba sesithathu ukruthakruthwano phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Iziganeko Northern War ka 1700-1721. eli xesha kwakungekho ayayo. Ngowe-1710, oko aqala khona emNtla Alliance. Kwaye Sweden, into leyo enokuthi nayo shi imfazwe kwi eTurkey. Ngowe-1710 le nto babacokisela, imfazwe iRussia, ngaleyo ndlela kuthathe enempi enkulu phezu ngokwabo kwaye sivumele uPetros wambetha ngesibetho isigqibo ukuya balwa.

Kuninzi, le inyathelo ekunokuthiwa ixesha kwiimfazwe oonozakuzaku, ekubeni edabini eziphambili oluqhutywe imida. Britain Great wayezama ukuba buthathaka eRashiya kwaye ndikunike ukuba ahlasele eYurophu. Kwaye Russia, elingumthombo, ukuseka abafowunelwa ezopolitiko neFransi. Ngowe-1718, isivumelwano uxolo zisayinwe, kodwa ukufa ngesiquphe Charles XII ngexesha singqingiwe njalo ke inqaba e eNorway, kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho utshintsho uPhilip, yaye kangangexesha elithile watyhala ukusayinwa woxolo. Ngenxa yoko, i-War Northern 1700-1721, ngokufutshane yaye ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe kwizigaba 4, akazange athembise uloyiso eSweden kwasekuqaleni 1718, kodwa Queen Ulrika Eleonora wayethembe ukuba uncedo ngaphandle.

Isigaba sokugqibela ngamajoni eMntla War

Isigaba sokugqibela ngamajoni - 1718-1721 gg. - mbali kuchazwa ngokuthi ixesha kwisixando sokwenziwa. impi Active ngayo olwenziwe iminyaka emithathu. Ukungena kwi UK imfazwe ecaleni Sweden wanika ukuzithemba lokugqibela kokoyisa kwakhe kunokwenzeka. Ukuze ukuba ukunika eRashiya zintshula kumazwe eBaltic, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukulungele ukucothise ungquzulwano emkhosini. Kodwa uncedo lokwenene umkhosi waseBritani ayengenazo abaxhasi, kwaye fleet Russian woyisa iziqithi Saaremaa kunye Grengam kwakhona amaphulo aliqela nempumelelo wayala amabutho Russian. Umphumo waba ukusayinwa iSivumelwano Nystad.

Iziphumo ze Northern War

War Northern Enkulu 1700-1721, iziganeko ezikhokelele ekubeni ukoyiswa ngokupheleleyo Sweden, Lelona laba "window eYurophu", okunyusileyo kuphela eRashiya ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha ngamazwe, kodwa anika ithuba ukukhuphisana ehlabathini kunye kubungangamsha kuphuhliswa yaseYurophu.

Czarist Russia waba umbuso. Russia iye yazuza kulwamkelo kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Ukuphuma indawo yakhona Russian kunye nokufikelela kwi-aseBalti zenzeka. Kwaye isiphumo yaba ukusekwa izixeko ezintsha, kuquka St. Petersburg. Ngokubonakalayo ukwandisa amandla yomkhosi karhulumente. Russia uye waba iqela kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe.